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Chitinase

About: Chitinase is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 4690 publications have been published within this topic receiving 161786 citations. The topic is also known as: 1,4-beta-poly-N-acetylglucosaminidase & poly-beta-glucosaminidase.


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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: To evaluate the role of the domain, the hybrid gene that directs the synthesis of the fusion protein with glutathione S-transferase activity was constructed, indicating that the N-terminal domain of ChiC constitutes an independent chitin-binding domain.
Abstract: One of the chitinase genes of Alteromonas sp. strain O-7, the chitinase C-encoding gene (chiC), was cloned, and the nucleotide sequence was determined. An open reading frame coded for a protein of 430 amino acids with a predicted molecular mass of 46,680 Da. Alignment of the deduced amino acid sequence demonstrated that ChiC contained three functional domains, the N-terminal domain, a fibronectin type III-like domain, and a catalytic domain. The N-terminal domain (59 amino acids) was similar to that found in the C-terminal extension of ChiA (50 amino acids) of this strain and furthermore showed significant sequence homology to the regions found in several chitinases and cellulases. Thus, to evaluate the role of the domain, we constructed the hybrid gene that directs the synthesis of the fusion protein with glutathione S-transferase activity. Both the fusion protein and the N-terminal domain itself bound to chitin, indicating that the N-terminal domain of ChiC constitutes an independent chitin-binding domain.

80 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is concluded that the CaMV 35 S promoter is selectively inactivated in T1 transgenic wheat plants.
Abstract: Our long-term goal is to control wheat diseases through the enhancement of host plant resistance. The constitutive expression of plant defense genes to control fungal diseases can be engineered by genetic transformation. Our experimental strategy was to biolistically transform wheat with a vector DNA containing a rice chitinase gene under the control of the CaMV 35 S promoter and the bar gene under control of the ubiquitin promoter as a selectable marker. Immature embryos of wheat cv ‘Bobwhite’ were bombarded with plasmid pAHG11 containing the rice chitinase gene chi11 and the bar gene. The embryos were subcultured on MS2 medium containing the herbicide bialaphos. Calli were then transferred to a regeneration medium, also containing bialaphos. Seventeen herbicide-resistant putative transformants (T0) were selected after spraying with 0.2% Liberty, of which 16 showed bar gene expression as determined by the phosphinothricin acetyltransferase (PAT) assay. Of the 17 plants, 12 showed the expected 35-kDa rice chitinase as revealed by Western blot analysis. The majority of transgenic plants were morphologically normal and self-fertile. The integration, inheritance and expression of the chi11 and bar genes were confirmed by Southern hybridization, PAT and Western blot analysis of T0 and T1 transgenic plants. Mendelian segregation of herbicide resistance was observed in some T1 progenies. Interestingly, a majority of the T1 progeny had very little or no chitinase expression even though the chitinase transgene was intact. Because PAT gene expression under control of the ubiquitin promoter was unaffected, we conclude that the CaMV 35 S promoter is selectively inactivated in T1 transgenic wheat plants.

80 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Information is provided on how to identify the phytochemical properties of fruit stem cells and how to select the fruit varieties suitable for human consumption.
Abstract: (FM) Friedrich Miescher Institute, Box 2543, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland (BR) Cen~e National de la Recherche, Scienfifique, Institut de Biologic Moleculaire des Plantes, 12, rue du G6n6rat Zimmer, F-67084 Strasbourg Cedex, France (HL) Institute of Molecular Plant Sciences, Leiden University, Box 9502, NL-2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands (JM) Biotechnology Research, Maribo Seed, Box 17, Langebrogade 1, DK1001 Copenhagen K, Denmark (J-MN), Botanical Institute, University of Basel, Hebelstrasse 1, CH-4057 Basel, Switzerland (JR) Biotechnology Research, CIBA-Geigy Corporation, Box 12257, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA

80 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Chitinase Chit42 from Trichoderma harzianum CECT 2413 is considered to play an important role in the biocontrol activity of this fungus against plant pathogens as well as on high molecular mass insoluble substrates such as ground chitin or chit in-rich fungal cell walls.
Abstract: Chitinase Chit42 from Trichoderma harzianum CECT 2413 is considered to play an important role in the biocontrol activity of this fungus against plant pathogens. Chit42 lacks a chitin-binding domain (ChBD). We have produced hybrid chitinases with stronger chitin-binding capacity by fusing to Chit42 a ChBD from Nicotiana tabacum ChiA chitinase and the cellulose-binding domain from cellobiohydrolase II of Trichoderma reesei. The chimeric chitinases had similar activities towards soluble substrate but higher hydrolytic activity than the native chitinase on high molecular mass insoluble substrates such as ground chitin or chitin-rich fungal cell walls.

80 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The chromosomal region encoding the acidic class III chitinase from cucumber has been isolated and characterized and the high level of conservation within the three ORFs suggests an essential role for each encoded protein in plant growth and development.
Abstract: The chromosomal region encoding the acidic class III chitinase from cucumber has been isolated and characterized. As a result of an apparent gene triplication, the pathogen-induced gene (CHI2) is flanked by two closely related genes with complete open reading frames (ORF). The high level of conservation within the three ORFs suggests an essential role for each encoded protein in plant growth and development. The developmental and tissue-specific expression of RNA from each gene was analyzed using both gene-specific probes and RNA-PCR. The expression of each gene in response to various inducing treatments was also characterized. Only transcripts corresponding to CHI2 were detected. Chitinase mRNA abundance increased slightly following cycloheximide application; however, its potent induction by salicylic acid was inhibited by cycloheximide treatment.

80 citations


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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers in the topic in previous years
YearPapers
2023186
2022337
2021148
2020172
2019154
2018152