Topic
Chloride
About: Chloride is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 71378 publications have been published within this topic receiving 989296 citations. The topic is also known as: chlorides & chloride salt.
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TL;DR: In this article, a single solution reagent was described for the determination of phosphorus in sea water, which consists of an acidified solution of ammonium molybdate containing ascorbic acid and a small amount of antimony.
Abstract: A single solution reagent is described for the determination of phosphorus in sea water. It consists of an acidified solution of ammonium molybdate containing ascorbic acid and a small amount of antimony. This reagent reacts rapidly with phosphate ion yielding a blue-purple compound which contains antimony and phosphorus in a 1:1 atomic ratio. The complex is very stable and obeys Beer's law up to a phosphate concentration of at least 2 μg/ml.The sensitivity of the procedure is comparable with that of the stannous chloride method. The salt error is less than 1 %.
17,606 citations
TL;DR: The first systematic study of the effect of impurities and additives (e.g., water, chloride, and cosolvents) on the physical properties of room-temperature ionic liquids was performed in this article.
Abstract: We report here the first systematic study of the effect of impurities and additives (e.g., water, chloride, and cosolvents) on the physical properties of room-temperature ionic liquids. Remarkably, it was discovered that the viscosity of mixtures was dependent mainly on the mole fraction of added molecular solvents and only to a lesser extent upon their iden- tity, allowing viscosity changes during the course of a reaction to be entirely predictable. While the addition of such molecular solvents decreases the viscosity and density, chloride impurities, arising from the preparation of the ionic liquids, increase viscosity dramatically. The commonly used methods of preparation were validated with respect to chloride impurity.
2,105 citations
2,054 citations
TL;DR: The catalytic conversion of sugars giving high yield to 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), a versatile intermediate, is reported, finding chromium (II) chloride to be uniquely effective, leading to the conversion of glucose to HMF with a yield near 70%.
Abstract: Replacing petroleum feedstocks by biomass requires efficient methods to convert carbohydrates to a variety of chemical compounds. We report the catalytic conversion of sugars giving high yield to 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), a versatile intermediate. Metal halides in 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride are catalysts, among which chromium (II) chloride is found to be uniquely effective, leading to the conversion of glucose to HMF with a yield near 70%. A wide range of metal halides is found to catalyze the conversion of fructose to HMF. Only a negligible amount of levulinic acid is formed in these reactions.
1,831 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the reaction of Grignard reagents with anhydrous ferric chloride was studied, but no definite evidence for organo-iron compounds was found in such reactions.
Abstract: NUMEROUS investigators have studied the reaction of Grignard reagents with anhydrous ferric chloride, but have failed to isolate any organo-iron compounds or to produce any definite evidence for their formation in such reactions.
1,420 citations