Topic
Chlorine
About: Chlorine is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 20879 publications have been published within this topic receiving 254775 citations. The topic is also known as: Cl & element 17.
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TL;DR: For water treatment plants, no significant changes in chlorine concentration would be expected under typical pH levels and UV doses; however, the formation of (*)OH could have implications for chlorinated byproducts or decay of unwanted chemical contaminants.
465 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the effects of operating parameters including anode material, current density, and chloride concentration on both chlorine/hypochlorite production and landfill leachate treatment efficiency were studied.
439 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the de novo reaction of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) was studied and different mechanisms were proposed.
432 citations
TL;DR: In this article, it was shown that the evaporation of FeCl2(g) and its outward diffusion through the scale is the rate controlling step of the active oxidation of a low alloy steel at 500°C and high alloy steels at 600 and 700°C.
431 citations
TL;DR: This paper describes the theory and practice of the cleaning and disinfecting operations based on the use of sodium hypochlorite solution and implies that the optimal pH region of the germicidal activity of sodium Hypochlorites differs from that of its cleaning activity.
Abstract: Sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) is the most widely used disinfectant in the food industry despite the increasing availability of other disinfectants. Sodium hypochlorite fulfills many requirements as the ideal disinfectant and furthermore it has an excellent cleaning action. The effectiveness of sodium hypochlorite in the cleaning and disinfection processes depends on the concentration of available chlorine and the pH of the solution. Hypochlorous acid (HOCl) is a weak acid and dissociates to the hypochlorite ion (-OCl) and proton (H+) depending on the solution pH. It is generally believed that HOCl is the active species in the germicidal action, whereas the concentration of -OCl is a key factor determining the cleaning efficiency. This implies that the optimal pH region of the germicidal activity of sodium hypochlorite differs from that of its cleaning activity. This paper describes the theory and practice of the cleaning and disinfecting operations based on the use of sodium hypochlorite solution.
410 citations