Topic
Chromosome 21
About: Chromosome 21 is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 4736 publications have been published within this topic receiving 206655 citations. The topic is also known as: chr21 & Homo sapiens chromosome 21.
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TL;DR: It is shown that the chromosome 13 segment carrying PfHRPIII was replaced in HB3 by a duplicated terminal segment from chromosome 11, suggesting a mechanism of recombination from subtelomeric pairing and exchange between non‐homologous chromosomes in meiosis.
Abstract: Duplications and interchromosomal transpositions of chromosome segments are implicated in the genetic variability of Plasmodium falciparum malaria parasites. One parasite clone, HB3, was shown to lack a subtelomeric region of chromosome 13 that normally carries a PfHRPIII gene. We show here that the chromosome 13 segment carrying PfHRPIII was replaced in HB3 by a duplicated terminal segment from chromosome 11. Mapping results indicate that the segment includes at least 100-200 kb of subtelomeric DNA and contains duplicated copies of the Pf332 and RESA-2 genes. We followed inheritance of this duplication in a genetic cross between the HB3 and another P.falciparum clone, Dd2, that is euploid for the Pf332, RESA-2 and PfHRPIII genes. Three types of progeny from the cross showed expected inheritance forms: a Dd2 euploid parent type, an HB3 aneuploid parent type, and a recombinant euploid type that carried PfHRPIII from Dd2 chromosome 13 and Pf332 from HB3 chromosome 11. However, a fourth euploid progeny type was also observed, in which the chromosome 13 segment from HB3 was transposed back to replace the terminus of chromosome 11. Three of 14 individual progeny were of this type. These findings suggest a mechanism of recombination from subtelomeric pairing and exchange between non-homologous chromosomes in meiosis.
62 citations
TL;DR: It is concluded that the Y chromosome of this species has been derived through multiple rearrangements of the ancestral gene arrangement and that none of the rearrangement so far detected was involved in stopping X–Y recombination.
Abstract: We combine data from published marker genotyping of three sets of S. latifolia Y chromosome deletion mutants with changed sex phenotypes and add genotypes for several new genic markers to refine the deletion map of the Y chromosome and compare it with the X chromosome genetic map. We conclude that the Y chromosome of this species has been derived through multiple rearrangements of the ancestral gene arrangement and that none of the rearrangements so far detected was involved in stopping X–Y recombination. Different Y genotypes may also differ in their gene content and possibly arrangements, suggesting that mapping the Y-linked sex-determining genes will be difficult, even if many further genic markers are obtained. Even in determining the map of Y chromosome markers to discover all the rearrangements, physical mapping by FISH or other experiments will be essential. Future deletion mapping work should ensure that markers are studied in the parents of deletion mutants and should probably include additional deletions that were not ascertained by causing mutant sex phenotypes.
62 citations
TL;DR: It is shown that although Tc1 mice do not develop leukemia, they have macrocytic anemia and increased extramedullary hematopoiesis, and it is demonstrated that GATA1s and trisomy of approximately 80% of Hsa21 perturb megakaryopoiedis but are insufficient to induce leukemia.
62 citations
TL;DR: Comparative genomic analysis between this region and the interval of conserved synteny on mouse chromosome 16 indicated that the order and orientation of the ERG and ETS2 genes were conserved and revealed several regions containing potential conserved noncoding sequences.
62 citations
TL;DR: A genetic linkage map of 17 markers on the long arm of human chromosome 21, including six genes and two anonymous loci with a variable number of tandem repeats, finds that over half of the recombination events in either sex occur distally, in 21q22.3.
62 citations