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Topic

Chromosome

About: Chromosome is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 17538 publications have been published within this topic receiving 660077 citations. The topic is also known as: chromosomes & GO:0005694.


Papers
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Human metaphase chromosomes from blood cultures, treated with quinacrine mustard, show a banded pattern of fluorescence, which in the chromosomes with the most strongly fluorescent regions (3, 13–15 and Y) was found to be constant and reproducible.

625 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is found that massive gene loss occurred in the wake of sex-chromosome 'birth' in Cynoglossus semilaevis, and the sex chromosomes of these fish are derived from the same ancestral vertebrate protochromosome as the avian W and Z chromosomes.
Abstract: Genetic sex determination by W and Z chromosomes has developed independently in different groups of organisms. To better understand the evolution of sex chromosomes and the plasticity of sex-determination mechanisms, we sequenced the whole genomes of a male (ZZ) and a female (ZW) half-smooth tongue sole (Cynoglossus semilaevis). In addition to insights into adaptation to a benthic lifestyle, we find that the sex chromosomes of these fish are derived from the same ancestral vertebrate protochromosome as the avian W and Z chromosomes. Notably, the same gene on the Z chromosome, dmrt1, which is the male-determining gene in birds, showed convergent evolution of features that are compatible with a similar function in tongue sole. Comparison of the relatively young tongue sole sex chromosomes with those of mammals and birds identified events that occurred during the early phase of sex-chromosome evolution. Pertinent to the current debate about heterogametic sex-chromosome decay, we find that massive gene loss occurred in the wake of sex-chromosome 'birth'.

618 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
10 Aug 1995-Genomics
TL;DR: Stromal cell-derived factors 1 alpha and 1 beta are small cytokines belonging to the intercrine CXC subfamily and originally isolated from a murine bone-marrow stroma cell line by the signal sequence trap method, and strong evolutionary conservation and unique chromosomal localization of the SDF1 gene suggest that they may have important functions distinct from those of other members of the interCrine family.

610 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This gene MLL (myeloid/lymphoid, or mixed-lineage, leukemia) is named after a transcription unit that spans the breakpoint junctions of the 4;11, 9:11, and 11;19 translocations and two other transcripts that are upregulated in the RS4;11 cell line are described.
Abstract: Recurring chromosomal translocations involving chromosome 11, band q23, have been observed in acute lymphoid leukemias and especially in acute myeloid leukemias. We recently showed that breakpoints in four 11q23 translocations, t(4;11)(q21;q23), t(6;11)(q27;q23), t(9;11)(p22;q23), and t(11;19)(q23;p13.3), were contained within a yeast artificial chromosome clone bearing the CD3D and CD3G gene loci. We have identified within the CD3 yeast artificial chromosome a transcription unit that spans the breakpoint junctions of the 4;11, 9;11, and 11;19 translocations, and we describe two other, related transcripts that are upregulated in the RS4;11 cell line. We have named this gene MLL (myeloid/lymphoid, or mixed-lineage, leukemia.

604 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A subset of patients with Angelman and Prader–Willi syndrome have apparently normal chromosomes of biparental origin, but abnormal DMA methylation at several loci within chromosome 15q11–13, and probably have a defect in imprinting.
Abstract: A subset of patients with Angelman and Prader-Willi syndrome have apparently normal chromosomes of biparental origin, but abnormal DNA methylation at several loci within chromosome 15q11-13, and probably have a defect in imprinting. Using probes from a newly established 160-kb contig including D15S63 (PW71) and SNRPN, we have identified inherited microdeletions in two AS families and three PWS families. The deletions probably affect a single genetic element that we term the 15q11-13 imprinting centre (IC). In our model, the IC regulates the chromatin structure, DNA methylation and gene expression in cis throughout 15q11-13. Mutations of the imprinting centre can be transmitted silently through the germline of one sex, but appear to block the resetting of the imprint in the germline of the opposite sex.

596 citations


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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers in the topic in previous years
YearPapers
20241
2023862
20221,198
2021368
2020359
2019365