Topic
Chromosome
About: Chromosome is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 17538 publications have been published within this topic receiving 660077 citations. The topic is also known as: chromosomes & GO:0005694.
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TL;DR: It is demonstrated that synteny-based analysis of low-pass shotgun sequenced flow-sorted Triticeae chromosomes can deliver linearly ordered high-resolution gene inventories of individual chromosomes, which complement extensive TritICEae expressed sequence tag datasets.
Abstract: Chromosome 1H (approximately 622 Mb) of barley (Hordeum vulgare) was isolated by flow sorting and shotgun sequenced by GSFLX pyrosequencing to 1.3-fold coverage. Fluorescence in situ hybridization and stringent sequence comparison against genetically mapped barley genes revealed 95% purity of the sorted chromosome 1H fraction. Sequence comparison against the reference genomes of rice (Oryza sativa) and sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) and against wheat (Triticum aestivum) and barley expressed sequence tag datasets led to the estimation of 4,600 to 5,800 genes on chromosome 1H, and 38,000 to 48,000 genes in the whole barley genome. Conserved gene content between chromosome 1H and known syntenic regions of rice chromosomes 5 and 10, and of sorghum chromosomes 1 and 9 was detected on a per gene resolution. Informed by the syntenic relationships between the two reference genomes, genic barley sequence reads were integrated and ordered to deduce a virtual gene map of barley chromosome 1H. We demonstrate that synteny-based analysis of low-pass shotgun sequenced flow-sorted Triticeae chromosomes can deliver linearly ordered high-resolution gene inventories of individual chromosomes, which complement extensive Triticeae expressed sequence tag datasets. Thus, integration of genomic, transcriptomic, and synteny-derived information represents a major step toward developing reference sequences of chromosomes and complete genomes of the most important plant tribe for mankind.
155 citations
TL;DR: The pattern of hybridization of this cDNA to normal human DNA cut with 8 restriction endonucleases suggests the human genome has two (or more) P450cl7 genes, which lies on chromosome 10.
Abstract: P450c17 is the single enzyme mediating both 17 alpha-hydroxylase and 17,20 lyase activities. We identified several human P450c17 cDNA clones in a human adrenal cDNA library we constructed in lambda gt10. A short clone containing the 3'-terminal 650 bases of the full-length sequence was used to examine Southern blots of DNA from normal persons and from a panel of mouse/human somatic cell hybrid lines. The pattern of hybridization of this cDNA to normal human DNA cut with 8 restriction endonucleases suggests the human genome has two (or more) P450c17 genes. The pattern of hybridization to the somatic cell hybrid cell lines, each containing a limited, known number of human chromosomes, indicates the human adrenal P450c17 gene lies on chromosome 10. The chromosomal locations of the other P450c17 genes could not be determined.
155 citations
TL;DR: Studies of Neurospora crassa have led to a model that accounts for the chromosomal distribution of methylation and suggests a basic function for DNA methylation in eukaryotes.
155 citations
TL;DR: A review of the centromere repositioning is provided, new data on the population genetics of the ENC of the orangutan is added, and for the first time an ENC is described on the X chromosome of squirrel monkeys.
Abstract: The evolutionary history of chromosomes can be tracked by the comparative hybridization of large panels of bacterial artificial chromosome clones. This approach has disclosed an unprecedented phenomenon: ‘centromere repositioning', that is, the movement of the centromere along the chromosome without marker order variation. The occurrence of evolutionary new centromeres (ENCs) is relatively frequent. In macaque, for instance, 9 out of 20 autosomal centromeres are evolutionarily new; in donkey at least 5 such neocentromeres originated after divergence from the zebra, in less than 1 million years. Recently, orangutan chromosome 9, considered to be heterozygous for a complex rearrangement, was discovered to be an ENC. In humans, in addition to neocentromeres that arise in acentric fragments and result in clinical phenotypes, 8 centromere-repositioning events have been reported. These ‘real-time' repositioned centromere-seeding events provide clues to ENC birth and progression. In the present paper, we provide a review of the centromere repositioning. We add new data on the population genetics of the ENC of the orangutan, and describe for the first time an ENC on the X chromosome of squirrel monkeys. Next-generation sequencing technologies have started an unprecedented, flourishing period of rapid whole-genome sequencing. In this context, it is worth noting that these technologies, uncoupled from cytogenetics, would miss all the biological data on evolutionary centromere repositioning. Therefore, we can anticipate that classical and molecular cytogenetics will continue to have a crucial role in the identification of centromere movements. Indeed, all ENCs and human neocentromeres were found following classical and molecular cytogenetic investigations.
155 citations
TL;DR: Six posterior uveal melanomas were karyotyped after short‐term culture and one had a normal chromosome complement; the remaining five had limited chromosome changes.
Abstract: Six posterior uveal melanomas were karyotyped after short-term culture. One had a normal chromosome complement; the remaining five had limited chromosome changes. Involvement of chromosomes 1 and 6 was noted in two and four cases, respectively, and three ciliary body tumours demonstrated both monosomy 3 and i(8q).
154 citations