Topic
Chromosome
About: Chromosome is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 17538 publications have been published within this topic receiving 660077 citations. The topic is also known as: chromosomes & GO:0005694.
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University of Freiburg1, University of Marburg2, Institut national de la recherche agronomique3, Leibniz Association4, Max Planck Society5, Ghent University6, Spanish National Research Council7, Oak Ridge National Laboratory8, University of Leeds9, Aix-Marseille University10, Joint Genome Institute11, University of British Columbia12, University of Florida13, Uppsala University14, Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research15, University of California, Berkeley16, New York Botanical Garden17, Laval University18, Rutgers University19, University of Geneva20, University of Alberta21, Washington University in St. Louis22, Technische Universität München23, Université Paris-Saclay24
TL;DR: More non-seed plant genomes are needed to unravel how plant genomes evolve, and to understand whether the P. patens genome structure is typical for mosses or bryophytes, it is found that 57% of the genome comprises transposable elements (TEs), some of which may be actively transposing during the life cycle.
Abstract: The draft genome of the moss model, Physcomitrella patens, comprised approximately 2000 unordered scaffolds. In order to enable analyses of genome structure and evolution we generated a chromosome-scale genome assembly using genetic linkage as well as (end) sequencing of long DNA fragments. We find that 57% of the genome comprises transposable elements (TEs), some of which may be actively transposing during the life cycle. Unlike in flowering plant genomes, gene- and TE-rich regions show an overall even distribution along the chromosomes. However, the chromosomes are mono-centric with peaks of a class of Copia elements potentially coinciding with centromeres. Gene body methylation is evident in 5.7% of the protein-coding genes, typically coinciding with low GC and low expression. Some giant virus insertions are transcriptionally active and might protect gametes from viral infection via siRNA mediated silencing. Structure-based detection methods show that the genome evolved via two rounds of whole genome duplications (WGDs), apparently common in mosses but not in liverworts and hornworts. Several hundred genes are present in colinear regions conserved since the last common ancestor of plants. These syntenic regions are enriched for functions related to plant-specific cell growth and tissue organization. The P. patens genome lacks the TE-rich pericentromeric and gene-rich distal regions typical for most flowering plant genomes. More non-seed plant genomes are needed to unravel how plant genomes evolve, and to understand whether the P. patens genome structure is typical for mosses or bryophytes.
297 citations
TL;DR: A new region on chromosome 9p frequently involved in LOH in PV is characterized, and in vitro studies suggest that TGF-beta resistance may be the physiologic mechanism of clonal stem cell expansion in PV.
296 citations
TL;DR: Two sox9 genes are cloned from zebrafish two loci reside on chromosome segments that were apparently duplicated in a large-scale genomic duplication event in ray fin fish phylogeny and both Sox9a and Sox9b proteins bind to the HMG consensus DNA sequences in vitro.
296 citations
TL;DR: DNA markers and sampling of three-generation families can be used to construct complete linkage maps of human chromosomes, important in mapping disease loci and in determining the genetic or environmental component of a disease.
Abstract: DNA markers and sampling of three-generation families can be used to construct complete linkage maps of human chromosomes. This is important in mapping disease loci and in determining the genetic or environmental component of a disease.
296 citations
TL;DR: The introduction of a single copy of a human chromosome 11 is sufficient to completely suppress the tumorigenic phenotype of HeLa cells and is suggestive of the presence of tumor‐suppressor gene(s) on this chromosome.
Abstract: Both tumorigenic segregant HeLa X human fibroblast hybrids and tumorigenic HeLa (D98/AH-2) cells can be converted to a non-tumorigenic state following introduction of a single copy of a fibroblast t(X;11) chromosome. The translocated chromosome contains approximately 95% of the 11 chromosome and the q26-qter portion of the X chromosome which contains the hypoxanthine guanine phosphoribosyl transferase (HPRT) gene. Introduction of a human X chromosome has no effect on tumorigenic expression. Suppression of tumorigenicity is relieved by selecting cells which have lost the t(X;11) chromosome by growth in medium containing 6-thioguanine (6-TG). Further, reintroduction of the t(X;11) chromosome into tumorigenic 6TGR cells again suppresses tumorigenicity. Thus, the introduction of a single copy of a human chromosome 11 is sufficient to completely suppress the tumorigenic phenotype of HeLa cells and is suggestive of the presence of tumor-suppressor gene(s) on this chromosome.
294 citations