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Chromosome

About: Chromosome is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 17538 publications have been published within this topic receiving 660077 citations. The topic is also known as: chromosomes & GO:0005694.


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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The tested predictions of the Rabl-model support small time-dependent changes of the nuclear space occupied by single chromosomes and of their relative positions in the interphase nucleus seem possible, while the territorial organization of interphase chromosomes and their arrangement in general is maintained during interphase.
Abstract: In 1885 Carl Rabl published his theory on the internal structure of the interphase nucleus We have tested two predictions of this theory in fibroblasts grown in vitro from a female Chinese hamster, namely (1) the Rabl-orientation of interphase chromosomes and (2) the stability of the chromosome arrangement established in telophase throughout the subsequent interphase Tests were carried out by premature chromosome condensation (PCC) and laser-UV-microirradiation of the interphase nucleus Rabl-orientation of chromosomes was observed in G1 PCCs and G2 PCCs The cell nucleus was microirradiated in G1 at one or two sites and pulse-labelled with 3H-thymidine for 2h Cells were processed for autoradiography either immediately thereafter or after an additional growth period of 10 to 60h Autoradiographs show unscheduled DNA synthesis (UDS) in the microirradiated nuclear part(s) The distribution of labelled chromatin was evaluated in autoradiographs from 1035 cells after microirradiation of a single nuclear site and from 253 cells after microirradiation of two sites After 30 to 60h postincubation the labelled regions still appeared coherent although the average size of the labelled nuclear area fr increased from 142% (0h) to 265% (60h) The relative distance dr, ie the distance between two microirradiated sites divided by the diameter of the whole nucleus, showed a slight decrease with increasing incubation time Nine metaphase figures were evaluated for UDS-label after microirradiation of the nuclear edge in G1 An average of 43 chromosomes per cell were labelled Several chromosomes showed joint labelling of both distal chromosome arms including the telomeres, while the centromeric region was free from label This label pattern is interpreted as the result of a V-shaped orientation of these particular chromosomes in the interphase nucleus with their telomeric regions close to each other at the nuclear edge Our data support the tested predictions of the Rabl-model Small time-dependent changes of the nuclear space occupied by single chromosomes and of their relative positions in the interphase nucleus seem possible, while the territorial organization of interphase chromosomes and their arrangement in general is maintained during interphase The present limitations of the methods used for this study are discussed

279 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is apparent from these findings that the gene(s) for indophenol oxidase (IPO-B) and the gene for the antiviral protein are syntenic and that they are linked to human chromosome G-21.
Abstract: 13 independent mouse-human somatic cell hybrid clones derived from β-propiolactone-inactivated Sendai stimulated cell fusion of human cells with mouse cells were tested for their sensitivities to human and mouse interferon. All of them were protected by mouse interferon and only six of the clones were protected by both human and mouse interferon. Only the six that were protected by human interferon were shown to express the human dimeric form of indophenol oxidase. Complete chromosomal analysis of the clones indicated human chromosome G-21 to be the only human chromosome in common for the six clones which had both phenotypes present. Nine subclones were derived from one of the clones expressing both phenotypes. Eight of the nine subclones were shown to retain both phenotypes, whereas one subclone lost both. Chromosomal analysis of the subclones indicated the loss of chromosome G-21 from the subclone which lost both phenotypes. It is apparent from these findings that the gene(s) for indophenol oxidase (IPO-B) and the gene(s) for the antiviral protein are syntenic and that they are linked to human chromosome G-21.

277 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The results demonstrate chromosomal localization of the human insulin gene to 11p15 and a significant percentage of hybridized cells exhibited silver grains on the distal end of the short arm (band p15) of chromosome 11.
Abstract: The human insulin gene was mapped by hybridization in situ of 3H-labeled recombinant plasmid pHIG900 to chromosome preparations in the presence of 10% dextran sulfate. pHIG900 contains a 900-base pair insert of human genomic DNA that includes the coding region for the C peptide and intervening sequence 2. A significant percentage of hybridized cells (34%) exhibited silver grains on the distal end of the short arm (band p15) of chromosome 11. Furthermore, silver grains on this region represented 26% of all chromosomal label. These results demonstrate chromosomal localization of the human insulin gene to 11p15.

277 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Ciliated protozoa are characterized by generative micronuclei and vegetative polyploid macron nuclei and their kinetic complexity can be determined by comparison with the kinetic complexity of E. coli DNA.
Abstract: Ciliated protozoa are characterized by generative micronuclei and vegetative polyploid macronuclei. Micronuclei of Stylonychia mytilus contain 1 600 times as much DNA per haploid genome as E. coli. Most of this DNA is shown to be repetitive. The development of the macronucleus involves, as demonstrated by cytology, only 1/3 of the chromosomes which in a first replication phase are polytenized in probably 5 replication steps and appear as giant chromosomes. At this developmental stage considerable amounts of repetitive DNA are still present in the chromosomes. During the subsequent disintegration phase more than 90% of the DNA are eliminated from the macronucleus anlage. The remainder is further replicated five times and composes the final macronucleus. Since this DNA reassociates with a reaction rate almost identical to an ideal second order reaction its kinetic complexity can be determined by comparison with the kinetic complexity of E. coli DNA. Macronuclear DNA reassociates with a kinetic complexity of 26 times the kinetic complexity of E. coli DNA (corrected for GC content) which indicates that macronuclear DNA sequences exist at a ploidy level of 4 096 C. We assume that macronuclear DNA may be present only once per haploid genome. In this case it represents only 1.6% of the DNA in micronuclei or 10% of the DNA in the giant chromosome stage.

277 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A detailed banded chromosome analysis was performed in five established Ewing's sarcoma cell lines originating from four unrelated patients in relapse, suggesting that t(11;22)(q24;q12) is a chromosomal change specific to ES cells, in which the rearranged chromosome #22 could be the consistent karyotypic feature and the crucial step in terms of cell proliferation.

277 citations


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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers in the topic in previous years
YearPapers
20241
2023862
20221,198
2021368
2020359
2019365