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Chromosome

About: Chromosome is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 17538 publications have been published within this topic receiving 660077 citations. The topic is also known as: chromosomes & GO:0005694.


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Journal ArticleDOI
06 Jul 2001-Science
TL;DR: To illuminate the function and evolutionary history of both genomes, mouse DNA related to human chromosome 19 is sequenced and breakpoints of all 15 evolutionary rearrangements are sequenced, providing a view of the forces that drive chromosome evolution in mammals.
Abstract: To illuminate the function and evolutionary history of both genomes, we sequenced mouse DNA related to human chromosome 19. Comparative sequence alignments yielded confirmatory evidence for hypothetical genes and identified exons, regulatory elements, and candidate genes that were missed by other predictive methods. Chromosome-wide comparisons revealed a difference between single-copy HSA19 genes, which are overwhelmingly conserved in mouse, and genes residing in tandem familial clusters, which differ extensively in number, coding capacity, and organization between the two species. Finally, we sequenced breakpoints of all 15 evolutionary rearrangements, providing a view of the forces that drive chromosome evolution in mammals.

218 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
28 Dec 2007-Cell
TL;DR: It is proposed that CENP-B plays a dual role in centromere formation, ensuring de novo formation on DNA lacking a functional centre but preventing the formation of excess centromeres on chromosomes.

218 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
01 Jun 1983-Nature
TL;DR: It is argued that chromosome growth may not be restricted to trypanosomes and could explain the heterogeneity of telomeric DNA fragments observed in some other organisms.
Abstract: Some of the genes for the variant surface glycoproteins of trypanosomes are located close to a discontinuity in the DNA, presumably a chromosome end We show here that DNA fragments containing these telomeres increase in length in multiplying trypanosomes at a rate of about 10 base pairs per division We argue that chromosome growth may not be restricted to trypanosomes and could explain the heterogeneity of telomeric DNA fragments observed in some other organisms

218 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Data for chromosomal localization of theArabidopsis-type of telomeric sequence repeats (TTTAGGG)n are compiled for 44 species belonging to 14 families of angiosperms, gymnosperms and bryophytes, and it is inferred that they represent the basic telomere sequence of higher plant phyla.
Abstract: Data for chromosomal localization of theArabidopsis-type of telomeric sequence repeats (TTTAGGG)n are compiled for 44 species belonging to 14 families of angiosperms, gymnosperms and bryophytes For 23 species and seven families this is the first report Species of all families, except theAlliaceae, revealed these sequences at their chromosome termini This indicates thatArabidopsis-type telomeric repeats are highly conserved It is inferred that they represent the basic telomere sequence of higher plant phyla In theAlliaceae, a deviating sequence (and mechanism?) for the stabilization of chromosome termini has possibly evolved secondarily Nine species revealed interstitial telomeric sequences in addition to the terminal ones, in three species (Vicia faba, Pinus elliottii, P sylvestris) also at centromeric positions Interstitial telomeric sequences may indicate karyotype reconstructions, in particular alterations of chromosome numbers by chromosome fusion — or inversions with one breakpoint within the terminal array of repeats They may contribute to stabilization of chromosome breaks, especially centric fissions, and increase the frequency of meiotic and illegitimate recombination

218 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The results prompt a translocation model with illegitimate pairing of a staggered double-stranded DNA break at 18q21 and an immunoglobulin endonuclease-mediated break at 14q32 and with N-segment addition, repair, and ligation to generate der(14) and der(18) chromosomes.
Abstract: To elucidate the mechanism of the t(14;18)(q32;q21) chromosomal translocation found in follicular lymphoma, we examined the structure of both derivative (der) chromosomal breakpoints as well as their germ-line predecessors. We noted that chromosome segment 18q21 was juxtaposed with immunoglobulin heavy (H) chain gene diversity (DH) regions on all five der(18) chromosomes we examined, and we confirmed the juncture with immunoglobulin H-chain gene joining (JH) regions on the der(14) chromosome. However, the t(14;18) was not fully reciprocal in that chromosome 14 DNA between the DH and JH regions was deleted. Furthermore, extra nucleotides, reminiscent of "N" segments, were present at the der(14) and possibly der(18) junctions. This indicates that despite the mature B-cell phenotype of follicular lymphoma, the t(14;18) occurs during attempted DH-JH joining, the earliest event in immunoglobulin rearrangement in a pre-B-cell. Our detailed analysis of the germ-line 18q21 region indicated that most breakpoints clustered within a 150-base-pair major breakpoint region. However, we found no evidence for evolutionarily conserved immunoglobulin-like recombinational signals at 18q21, arguing against a role for immunoglobulin recombinase in chromosome 18 breakage. Instead, a direct repeat duplication of chromosome 18 sequences was discovered at both chromosomal junctures, typical of the repair of a naturally occurring staggered double-stranded DNA break. These results prompt a translocation model with illegitimate pairing of a staggered double-stranded DNA break at 18q21 and an immunoglobulin endonuclease-mediated break at 14q32 and with N-segment addition, repair, and ligation to generate der(14) and der(18) chromosomes.

218 citations


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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers in the topic in previous years
YearPapers
20241
2023862
20221,198
2021368
2020359
2019365