Showing papers on "Chrysanthemum indicum published in 2006"

Molecular evidence for multiple polyploidization and lineage recombination in the Chrysanthemum indicum polyploid complex (Asteraceae)

Abstract: The Chrysanthemum indicum polyploid complex comprises morphologically differentiated diploids, tetraploids and hybrids between C. indicum and C. lavandulifolium. The relationships between species and cytotypes within this complex remain poorly understood. Random amplified polymorphic DNAs (RAPDs), intersimple sequence repeats (ISSRs) and chloroplast SSR markers were used to elucidate the genetic diversity and relationships of the C. indicum polyploid complex. Molecular analysis of three diploid and nine tetraploid populations provided strong evidence for recurrent origins and lineage recombination in the C. indicum polyploid complex. The high similarity in molecular marker profiles and cpDNA haplotypes between the diploids and tetraploids distributed in the Shen-Nong-Jia Mountain area of China suggested an autopolyploid origin of the tetraploids, while the tetraploids from other populations may have originated via allopolyploidization. Lineage recombination was revealed by the extensive sharing of chloroplast haplotypes and genetic markers among the tetraploid populations with different origins. Multiple differentiation and hybridization/polyploidization cycles have led to an evolutionary reticulation in the C. indicum polyploid complex, and resulted in the difficulties in systematic classification.

Pollen morphology as an aid to the identification of chrysanthemum species (compositae-anthemideae) from pakistan

Abstract: Pollen morphology of 7 species of Chrysanthemum has been examined from Pakistan by light and scanning electron microscopy. The pollen grains in all the species are trizonocolporate. Pollen shape in polar view is circular, inter-semi-angular and semi-circular to angular. Pollen is spheroidal, sub-spheroidal, oblate-spheroidal and prolate-spheroidal in equatorial view. Taxa of Chrysanthemum species can be distinguished by pollen size, exine thickness, spine length and number of spine rows between colpi. Chrysanthemum indicum has characteristic spines having a broad flattened base with grooves. C.stoliczkai has the small spine length (3.3μm) while C. indicum can be characterized by long spine length (5.9μm) and C. tibeticum can be distinguished due to lowest number of spine rows between colpi (3-4). Chrysanthemum stoliczkai and C. parthenium are determined by long exine thickness (7.9μm) and (9.5μm) within the genus. This study demonstrates the potential of pollen studies in distinguishing some taxonomic groups in Anthemideae. There is great range of variation in exine thickness which has proved useful at specific level. On the basis of exine thickness, 4 groups viz., Group I: C. tibeticum, Group II: C. indicum, C. segatum, Group III: C. leucanthemum, C. murifolium and Group IV: C. stoliczkai, C. parthenium are recognized.

Chrysanthemum indicum tea

Abstract: A health-care tea for the patients of hypertension dizziness, cold fever, headache, insomnia, etc is proportionally prepared from wild chrysanthemum, jasemine flower and sophora flower.

(3β,5α,6β,7β,14β)‐Eudesmen‐3,5,6,11‐tetrol methanol solvate: a new sesquiterpenoid from Chrysanthemum indicum L.

Abstract: The title compound [systematic name: (3S,5S,6R,7R,10S)-7-(2-hydr­oxy-2-prop­yl)-10-methyl-4-methyl­eneperhydro­naph­thal­ene-3,5,6-triol methanol solvate], C15H26O4·CH4O, is a new sesquiterpenoid which was isolated from Chrysanthemum indicum L. The mol­ecule contains two fused six-membered rings in chair conformations. There are methanol solvent mol­ecules in the crystal structure. All mol­ecules are linked by hydrogen bonds to give the three-dimensional structure.

Anti-respiratory Syncytial Virus Effect of the Extraction of Chrysanthemum Indicum in Vitro

Abstract: Aim To evaluate the effect of anti-respiratory syncytial virus of the extraction of Chrysanthemum indicum in vitro.Methods The cytotoxicity and antiviral activity of the extraction of Chrysanthemum indicum were tested by the plaque reduction method and 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazole-2-yl) 2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) MTT assay,with ribavirin treat as the positive control drug.Results The median effective concentration (50% effective concentration,EC_ 50 ) and the median cytotoxicity concentration (50% cytotoxicity concentration,CC_ 50 )of the extraction of Chrysanthemum indicum were (60.9±2.41)μg·ml~ -1 and (2.03±0.08)mg·ml~ -1 ,respectively.The selectivity index [SI] (CC_ 50 for HEp-2:EC_ 50 ) of it for RSV was 34.SI4 is considered significant.Moreover,the extraction of Chrysanthemum indicum gave time-course experiments in inhibiting RSV.In this assay testing its effect of on virual growth,it showed obvious effect of inhibition on RSV when the herb was added at 2,4,6h and 8h after infection (P0.01).By an inhibition assay for virus absorption and penetration during the contact between the virus and cells,the extraction of Chrysanthemum indicum inhibited RSV absorption on the cells (P0.01) and penetration into the cell (P0.01).The extraction of Chrysanthemum indicum also displayed direct inactivation on RSV.Conclusion The extraction of Chrysanthemum indicum showed potent inhibition to RSV in vitro.