Showing papers on "Chrysanthemum indicum published in 2012"
TL;DR: Five plant-based foods investigated for intestinal α-glucosidase and pancreatic α-amylase inhibitory activities and their additive and synergistic interactions were evaluated, showing additive interaction on intestinal maltase inhibition and the combination of chrysanthemum, mulberry, or bael extracts together with roselle extract produced synergistic inhibition.
Abstract: Plant-based foods have been used in traditional health systems to treat diabetes mellitus. The successful prevention of the onset of diabetes consists in controlling postprandial hyperglycemia by the inhibition of α-glucosidase and pancreatic α-amylase activities, resulting in aggressive delay of carbohydrate digestion to absorbable monosaccharide. In this study, five plant-based foods were investigated for intestinal α-glucosidase and pancreatic α-amylase. The combined inhibitory effects of plant-based foods were also evaluated. Preliminary phytochemical analysis of plant-based foods was performed in order to determine the total phenolic and flavonoid content. The dried plants of Hibiscus sabdariffa (Roselle), Chrysanthemum indicum (chrysanthemum), Morus alba (mulberry), Aegle marmelos (bael), and Clitoria ternatea (butterfly pea) were extracted with distilled water and dried using spray drying process. The dried extracts were determined for the total phenolic and flavonoid content by using Folin-Ciocateu’s reagent and AlCl3 assay, respectively. The dried extract of plant-based food was further quantified with respect to intestinal α-glucosidase (maltase and sucrase) inhibition and pancreatic α-amylase inhibition by glucose oxidase method and dinitrosalicylic (DNS) reagent, respectively. The phytochemical analysis revealed that the total phenolic content of the dried extracts were in the range of 230.3-460.0 mg gallic acid equivalent/g dried extract. The dried extracts contained flavonoid in the range of 50.3-114.8 mg quercetin equivalent/g dried extract. It was noted that the IC50 values of chrysanthemum, mulberry and butterfly pea extracts were 4.24±0.12 mg/ml, 0.59±0.06 mg/ml, and 3.15±0.19 mg/ml, respectively. In addition, the IC50 values of chrysanthemum, mulberry and butterfly pea extracts against intestinal sucrase were 3.85±0.41 mg/ml, 0.94±0.11 mg/ml, and 4.41±0.15 mg/ml, respectively. Furthermore, the IC50 values of roselle and butterfly pea extracts against pancreatic α-amylase occurred at concentration of 3.52±0.15 mg/ml and 4.05±0.32 mg/ml, respectively. Combining roselle, chrysanthemum, and butterfly pea extracts with mulberry extract showed additive interaction on intestinal maltase inhibition. The results also demonstrated that the combination of chrysanthemum, mulberry, or bael extracts together with roselle extract produced synergistic inhibition, whereas roselle extract showed additive inhibition when combined with butterfly pea extract against pancreatic α-amylase. The present study presents data from five plant-based foods evaluating the intestinal α-glucosidase and pancreatic α-amylase inhibitory activities and their additive and synergistic interactions. These results could be useful for developing functional foods by combination of plant-based foods for treatment and prevention of diabetes mellitus.
140 citations
TL;DR: It is indicated that CPZ possessed a potent anti-inflammatory activity, which is indicated to be closely associated with its regulation on IL-1β and PGE(2) thereby mediating the inflammatory response acting at an appropriate level.
47 citations
TL;DR: The obtained results revealed that the inoculation of plants with biofertilizers and recommended dose of superphosphate significantly improved the growth parameters, thus facilitating P acquisition and improving plant growth.
Abstract: A pot experiment was conducted to investigate the potential effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (Glomus mosseae & Acaulospora laevis) and phosphate solubi- lizing bacteria (Pseudomonas fluorescens) with different levels of superphosphate on Chrysanthemum indicum L. After 100 days, different plant growth parameters such as mycorrhization's characteristics, phosphatase activity and phosphorus up- take were measured. The obtained results revealed that the inoculation of plants with biofertilizers and recommended dose of superphosphate significantly improved the growth parameters. Inoculation with A. laevis + P. fluorescens at medium con- centration of superphosphate showed maximum height, fresh and dry root weight, AM root colonization, AM spore count, alkaline phosphatase activity, acidic phos- phatase activity and the percent phosphorus uptake in shoot and root whereas root length was maximum in G. mosseae + A. laevis + P. fluorescens. Leaf area and fresh and dry shoot weight were maximum in the treatment (G. mosseae + A. laevis + P. fluorescens) at low concentration of superphosphate. The use of AMF increased nu- trient acquisition from an organic fertilizer source by enhancing acidic phosphatase (ACP) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, thus facilitating P acquisition and improving plant growth.
41 citations
TL;DR: Results indicate a possible explanation of the traditional use of some of these medicinal plants against malaria or malaria-like conditions and the high TC50 in mammalian cell cytotoxicity assay and the low IC50 in anti-malarial P. falciparum assay indicates selectivity and good resistance indices.
Abstract: The emergence and spread of Plasmodium falciparum with resistance to chloroquine (CQ), the safest and cheapest anti-malarial drug, coupled with the increasing cost of alternative drugs especially in developing countries have necessitated the urgent need to tap the potential of plants for novel anti-malarials. The present study investigates the anti-malarial activity of the methanolic extracts of 13 medicinal plants from the Malaiyur and Javadhu hills of South India against blood stage CQ-sensitive (3D7) and CQ-resistant (INDO) strains of P. falciparum in culture using the fluorescence-based SYBR Green I assay. Sorbitol-synchronized parasites were incubated under normal culture conditions at 2% hematocrit and 1% parasitemia in the absence or presence of increasing concentrations of plant extracts. CQ and artemisinin were used as positive controls, while 0.4% DMSO was used as the negative control. The cytotoxic effects of extracts on host cells were assessed by functional assay using HeLa cells cultured in RPMI containing 10% fetal bovine serum, 0.21% sodium bicarbonate and 50 μg/mL gentamycin (complete medium). Plant extracts (bark methanol extracts of Annona squamosa (IC50, 30 μg/mL), leaf extracts of Ocimum gratissimum (IC50, 32 μg/mL), Ocimum tenuiflorum (IC50, 31 μg/mL), Solanum torvum (IC50, 31 μg/mL) and Justicia procumbens (IC50, 63 μg/mL), showed moderate activity. The leaf extracts of Aristolochia indica (IC50, 10 μg/mL), Cassia auriculata (IC50, 14 μg/mL), Chrysanthemum indicum (IC50, 20 μg/mL) and Dolichos biflorus (IC50, 20 μg/mL) showed promising activity and low activity was observed in the flower methanol extracts of A. indica , leaf methanol extract of Catharanthus roseus, and Gymnema sylvestre (IC50, >100 μg/mL). These four extracts exhibited promising IC50 (μg/mL) of 17, 24, 19 and 24 respectively also against the CQ resistant INDO strain of P. falciparum. The high TC50 in mammalian cell cytotoxicity assay and the low IC50 in anti-malarial P. falciparum assay indicates selectivity and good resistance indices in the range of 0.9–1.7 for leaf extracts of A. indica, C. auriculata, C. indicum and D. biflorus suggests that these may serve as anti-malarial agents even in their crude form. These results indicate a possible explanation of the traditional use of some of these medicinal plants against malaria or malaria-like conditions.
39 citations
TL;DR: CIL treatment dosedependently reduced severity of clinical symptoms of dorsal skin, ear thickness, and the number of mast cells and eosinophils and may be an effective alternative substance for the management of AD.
Abstract: Chrysanthemum indicum L. (CIL) is widely used as an anti-inflammatory agent in Asia and our preliminary study revealed that CIL reduced interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-13 in 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB)-treated HaCaT cells, a human keratinocyte cell line. We investigated the atopic dermatitis (AD) effect of topically applied CIL in mice with AD-like symptoms. After topical application of 1,3-butylen glycol (control), CIL-Low (5%), CIL-High (30%), or 0.1% hydrocortisone (HC) on the AD-like skin lesions in DNCB-treated NC/Nga mice for 5 weeks, the ear thickness, mast cell infiltration, and serum immunoglobulin E (IgE), IgG1, IL-4 and interferon (IFN)-γ were measured. The gene expressions of IL-4, IL-13, and IFN-γ in the dorsal skin were assayed. CIL treatment dosedependently reduced severity of clinical symptoms of dorsal skin, ear thickness, and the number of mast cells and eosinophils. CIL-High significantly decreased serum IgE, IgG1, IL-4, and IFN-γ levels and reduced mRNA levels of IFN-γ, IL-4, and IL-13 in dorsal skin lesion. The improvement by CIL-High was similar to HC, but without its adverse effects such as skin atrophy maceration, and secondary infection. In conclusion, CIL may be an effective alternative substance for the management of AD.
36 citations
Journal Article•
TL;DR: The in vitro antibacterial screening results of crude 95% ethanolic extracted under normal stress showed A. paniculata, the highest antibacterial activity, C. asiatica and A. Paniculata crude showed antib bacterial activity against L. monocytogenes, respectively.
Abstract: Bacillus cereus and Listeria monocytogenes have an ability to survive in high osmotic stress. Three Thai herbs; Chrysanthemum indicum, Centella asiatica and Andrographis paniculata, are chosen to study their antibacterial activity on B. cereus and L. monocytogenes 10403S under normal and osmotic stress (5% NaCl) condition by agar disc diffusion method. The in vitro antibacterial screening results of crude 95% ethanolic extracted under normal stress showed A. paniculata, the highest antibacterial activity, C. asiatica and C. indicum crude 3.33 ± 0.47, 1.67 ± 0.94, and 1.17 ± 0.85 mm, respectively, against B. cereus. Only C. asiatica and A. paniculata crude showed antibacterial activity against L. monocytogenes; 1.67 ± 0.24, and 1.83 ± 0.24 mm, respectively. Under osmotic stress, the antibacterial activity of all crude 95% ethanolic extracted was increased two-fold. The MICs of A. paniculata, C. asiatica and C. indicum showed 4, 16, and 16 µl /ml against B. cereus while A. paniculata and C. asiatica showed 16 and 8 µl /ml, respectively, against L. monocytogenes, respectively. The MCBs of A. paniculata, C. asiatica and C. indicum showed 4, 16, and 32 µl /ml against B. cereus while A. paniculata and C. asiatica showed 16 and 32 µl /ml, respectively, against L. monocytogenes.
31 citations
TL;DR: The present data suggest that plant nitrogen content is an important factor contributing to the increase severity of the cotton aphid as a pest of chrysanthemum.
Abstract: The experiment studied the effect of different nitrogen levels on the biology and life table parameters of the cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii Glover reared on Chrysanthemum indicum Kitan. The fertilizer treatments were administered at 0, 25, 50, 100 and 150% of the agronomic recommended concentration. The aphids were collected from greenhouses in Mahalat and transported to pots. The different nitrogen fertilizer levels did not show a specific effect on the potassium and phosphorus content in leaves. The intrinsic rate of increase and net reproductive rate ranged from 0.173 to 0.225, and 15.47 to 28.28, respectively, at different tested fertilizer levels. The aphids showed the significantly lowest mean generation time and the highest finite rate of increase when fed on chrysanthemum fertilized at a 150% fertilizer level. The aphids fecundity and survival showed a positive correlation when the fertilizer concentration was increased. On the other hand, the highest life expectancy was obtained for the aphids fed on chrysanthemum with a 25% nitrogen level. The present data suggest that plant nitrogen content is an important factor contributing to the increase severity of the cotton aphid as a pest of chrysanthemum.
25 citations
TL;DR: The cluster results based on the contents of quercetin, luteolin, apigenin and acacetin did not keep in good accordance with molecular analysis, indicating that environmental and genetic factors may play an essential role in determining the bioactive compound levels of C. indicum.
20 citations
TL;DR: Testing and modification of various standard protocols for isolation of high-quality DNA from leaf tissues and seeds of C. indicum showed that the DNA obtained from seeds and leaf tissues with a modified cetyltrimethylammonium bromide buffer protocol was of good quality, with no colored pigments and contaminants.
Abstract: Chrysanthemums constitute approximately 30 species of perennial flowering plants, belonging to the family Asteraceae, native to Asia and Northeastern Europe. Chrysanthemum is a natural cosmetic additive extracted from Chinese herb by modern biochemical technology. It has the properties of anti-bacterial, anti-viral, reducing (detoxification) and anti-inflammation. It possesses antioxidant characteristics, which could assist in minimizing free-radical induced damage. Therefore, it is widely used in skin and hair care products. Chemical composition of this herbal remedy includes kikkanols, sesquiterpenes, flavonoids, various essential oils containing camphor, cineole, sabinol, borneole and other elements that interfere with DNA, causing erroneous or no PCR products. In the present study, testing and modification of various standard protocols for isolation of high-quality DNA from leaf tissues and seeds of C. indicum was done. It was observed that the DNA obtained from seeds and leaf tissues with a modified cetyltrimethylammonium bromide buffer protocol was of good quality, with no colored pigments and contaminants. Also, DNA could be extracted from leaf tissues without using liquid nitrogen. Quality of DNA extracted from seeds was much better as compared to that extracted from leaf tissues. The extracted DNA was successfully amplified by PCR using arbitrary RAPD primers. The same protocol will probably be useful for extraction of high-molecular weight DNA from other plant materials containing large amounts of secondary metabolites and essential oils.
18 citations
TL;DR: Interestingly, CIE treatment rapidly reduced LCL viability without exhibiting any adverse effects on the viability of human foreskin fibroblasts, EBV negative Burkitt's lymphoma cell lines (BL41) or HeLa cells.
17 citations
TL;DR: One new disesquiterpenoid (1), two new sesquitorpenoids (2, 3), were isolated from the dry flos of Chrysanthemum indicum by spectroscopic analysis and single X-ray diffraction study.
Abstract: One new disesquiterpenoid (1), two new sesquiterpenoids (2, 3), were isolated from the dry flos of Chrysanthemum indicum. The structures were elucidated by spectroscopic analysis, the absolute configurations of 1 and 3, were determined by single X-ray diffraction study.
TL;DR: From the flowers of Chrysanthemum indicum, three new germacrane-type sesquiterpene stereoisomers were isolated, whose structures were elucidated on the basis of extensive spectroscopic analysis.
TL;DR: In this article, the effects of far infrared drying on gamguk (Chrysanthemum indicum L., CE) flowers extract on total phenolic (TP), total flavonoid (TF) content, anticancer and anti-inflammatory activities were investigated.
Abstract: This research demonstrated and compared the effects of shade and far infrared drying (FIRD) of gamguk (Chrysanthemum indicum L., CE) flowers extract on total phenolic (TP), total flavonoid (TF) content, anticancer and anti-inflammatory activities. The research data revealed that the TP and TF contents were highest in FIRD treated CE flower extracts. Similarly, the effect of CE on lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced nitric oxide (NO) production in RAW264.7 cells showed in a dose dependent manner. Further, the CE inhibited the tumor necorsis factor (TNF)-α, cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 expression, and prostaglandis E2 (PGE2) production. The anticancer activity was monitored in A549 lung cancer cell, which showed that FIRD treated CE inhibited cell proliferation significantly (p<0.05) higher in dose and time dependent manner.
TL;DR: These results suggest that the anxiolytic-like effects of CWE might be mediated by the GABAA receptor and the 5-HT1A receptor.
Abstract: Chrysanthemum indicum Linne is an ancient herbal medicine used to treat bone and muscle deterioration, ocular infl ammation, headache, and anxiety in Korea, China, and Japan. Furthermore, tea derived from Chrysanthemum indicum Linne has been used to treat anxiety by facilitating relaxation and curing insomnia. However, no reports exist on the anxiolytic-like effects of Chrysanthemum indicum Linne water extract (CWE) in mice. In the present study, we investigated the anxiolytic-like effects of CWE using the elevated plus-maze (EPM) test in mice. CWE, at a dose of 500 mg/kg (p.o.), signifi cantly increased the time spent in the open arms of the EPM compared to a vehicle-injected control group. Moreover, the effect of CWE (500 mg/kg) was blocked by bicuculline (a selective GABAA receptor antagonist) and WAY 100635 (a selective 5-HT1A receptor antagonist). Taken together, these fi ndings suggest that the anxiolytic-like effects of CWE might be mediated by the GABAA receptor and the 5-HT1A receptor.
TL;DR: Results indicate that the enhancement of osteoblast function by CIE may prevent osteoporosis and inflammatory bone diseases.
Abstract: Chrysanthemum indicum L. (Asteraceae) is a traditional herbal medicine that has been used for the treatment of inflammation, hypertension, and respiratory diseases due to its strong antagonistic activity against inflammatory cytokines. The effects of Chrysanthemum indicum L. Extract (CIE) for increasing cell growth, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, and collagen content were totally inhibited, suggesting that the effect of CIE might be partly involved with estrogen activity. Furthermore, the protective effects of CIE on the response of osteoblasts to oxidative stress were evaluated. Osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells were incubated with hydrogen peroxide and/or CIE, and markers of osteoblast function and oxidative damage were examined. CIE significantly increased cell survival, ALP activity, and calcium deposition, and decreased the production of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) and Tumor Necrosis Factor- (TNF-) in osteoblasts. Taken together, these results indicate that the enhancement of osteoblast function by CIE may prevent osteoporosis and inflammatory bone diseases.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: It is indicated that flavonoids were the major components of the active fraction of Chrysanthemum indicum.
Abstract: In order to investigate the chemical constituents from the fraction with cardiovascular activtiy of Chrysanthemum indicum, the isolation and purification of compounds from this active fraction were performed, and the chemical structures were elucidated by spectral analysis and comparison of the spectral data with those reported in the literature. As a result, twelve compounds were obtained and identified as (2S) -eriodictyol-7-O-beta-D-glucuronide (1), (2S) -eriodictyol-7-O-beta-D-glucoside (2), (2S) -hesperetin-7-O-beta-D-glucuronide (3), luteolin-7-O-beta-D-glucoside (4), luteolin-7-O-beta-D-glucuronide (5), diosmetin-7-O-beta-D-glucuronide (6), quercetin -7-O-beta-D-glucoside (7), (2S)-eriodict-dicaffeoylquinate (8), 3, 5-dicaffeoylquinic acid(9), 3, 5-cis-dicaffeoylquinic acid (10), 1, 5-dicaffeoylquinic acid (11), and 1, 3-dicaffeoylquinic acid (12). The above result indicated that flavonoids were the ma-dicaffeoylquinate (8), 3, 5-dicaffeoylquinic acid (9), 3, 5-cis-dicaffeoylquinic acid (10), 1, 5-dicaffeoylquinic acid (11), and 1, 3-dicaffeoylquinic acid (12). The above result indicated that flavonoids were the major components of the active fraction. Compounds 2, 3, 7, 8 and 10 were obtained from this genus for the first time, and compounds 5, 6, 9, 11, and 12 were first isolated from C. indicum.
TL;DR: Two new germacranes, chrysanthemumins C ( 1 ) and D ( 2 ), and five eudesmanes, eudesm-4(14)-ene-3,11-diol ( 6 ) and canusesnol E ( 7 ), were isolated from the ethyl acetate soluble fraction of 95% EtOH extract of the flowers of Chrysanthemus indicum as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: Two new germacranes, chrysanthemumins C ( 1 ) and D ( 2 ), and five eudesmanes, chrysanthemumols I–K ( 3 – 5 ) as new ones, eudesm-4(14)-ene-3 ,11-diol ( 6 ) and canusesnol E ( 7 ), were isolated from the ethyl acetate soluble fraction of 95% EtOH extract of the flowers of Chrysanthemum indicum . The structures of isolated sesquiterpenoids were elucidated on basis of extensive spectroscopic evidences.
Patent•
17 Oct 2012
TL;DR: In this paper, a botanical pesticide for preventing and treating soil-borne diseases, the effects of scientificalness, environment protection and no pesticide residue are realized, and the novel purpose conforms to the green and safe production concepts.
Abstract: The invention relates to a novel purpose of chrysanthemum indicum and stems and leaves of the chrysanthemum indicum, in particular to a novel purpose of chrysanthemum indicum buds and roots or stems or leaves of the chrysanthemum indicum as traditional medical materials for preventing and treating soil-borne diseases, and an application of the chrysanthemum indicum and roots or stems or leaves or extracts of the chrysanthemum indicum to the preparation of botanical pesticide. The extracts can be obtained from the chrysanthemum indicum and the roots, stems and the leaves of the chrysanthemum indicum through solvent extraction and supercritical carbon dioxide extraction. The botanical pesticide is adopted for preventing and treating the soil-borne diseases, the effects of scientificalness, environment protection and no pesticide residue are realized, and the novel purpose conforms to the green and safe production concepts.
TL;DR: In this paper, an experiment on pinching with three replications was conducted and the results showed that the tallest (37.7 cm) and the shortest plant (33.4 cm) without pinching and with pinching, respectively, achieved the maximum number of leaves (30.1) and flowers (58.7) per plant.
Abstract: An experiment on pinching ( viz . P 0 ; without pinching and P 1 ; with pinching) with 3 replications showed the tallest (37.7 cm) and the shortest plant (33.4 cm) without pinching and with pinching, respectively. Maximum number of leaves (30.1) and flowers (58.7) per plant were recorded following pinching (P 1 ); and minimum number of leaves (26.8) and flowers (37.9) per plant were from without pinching (P 0 ). DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbas.v36i2.12971 Journal of Bangladesh Academy of Sciences, Vol. 36, No. 2, 251-255, 2012
TL;DR: Ovule rescue was used to obtain the intergeneric hybrid Chrysanthemum indicum L. x Opisthopappus taihangensis (Ling) Shih and the hybridity of the seven independent progeny was confirmed by morphology, chromosome counting and GISH analysis.
Patent•
24 Apr 2012
TL;DR: In this paper, a cosmetic composition for improving anti-aging is provided to ensure antioxidation, anti-wrinkling, skin whitening, and skin moisturizing, which is manufactured in the form of a lotion, essence or spray.
Abstract: PURPOSE: A cosmetic composition for improving anti-aging is provided to ensure antioxidation, anti-wrinkling, skin whitening, and skin moisturizing. CONSTITUTION: A composition for improving anti-aging contains 60-80 wt% of mixture oriental medicinal extract including Chrysanthemum indicum L. and Eriocaulon sieboldianum SIEB., and 20-40 wt% of mixture fruit/seed extract including Arctii Fructus, Xanthii Fructus, Kochia scoparia, Cuscuta Chinensis Lam., Amygdalaceae, Celastraceae, or Sophora japonica L. The composition is manufactured in the form of a lotion, essence, lotion, cream, pack, gel, ointment, patch, or spray.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: In this paper, the simultaneous extraction of chlorogenic acid and luteoloside from Chrysanthemum indicum L. by ultrasonic assisted extraction technology was studied, and the results showed that the extraction solvent was 75% ethanol, the ratio of material to solvent was 1:400, the extraction time was 90 min and the extraction temperature was 50 ℃.
Abstract: The simultaneous extraction of chlorogenic acid and luteoloside from Chrysanthemum indicum L.by ultrasonic-assisted extraction technology was studied.The effects of several influential parameters of the ultrasonic-assisted extraction procedure were investigated by orthogonal array design experiment.The results showed optimum extract conditions were that the extraction solvent was 75% ethanol,the ratio of material to solvent was 1:400,the extraction time was 90 min and the extraction temperature was 50 ℃.Under the optimum conditions of ultrasonic-assisted extraction,the yields of chlorogenic acid and luteoloside were(8.94±0.03) mg/g and(2.97±0.04) mg/g,respectively.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: The infrared spectroscopy can analyze directly the extracts of traditional Chinese medicines, recognize the main ingredient preliminarily, and then supply directional reference for further planning the extract scheme and detection methods.
Abstract: According to the macro-fingerprint characteristic of infrared spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and second-derivative infrared spectroscopy were used to analyze the extracts of chrysanthemum indicum L. by different solvents. It was speculated preliminarily that the main component of petroleum ether extract was long chain fatty acids (esters) and terpenes of small molecules, ethyl acetate extract contains terpenes and flavonoids mainly, ethanol and 95% ethanol extract was mainly composed of flavonoids and flavonoid glycosides, and deionized water extract contains polysaccharides and tannins mainly. Besides, the content of flavonoids in ethanol extract is the highest by comparison of the infrared spectroscopy of different extracts with that of buddleoside. Thus, the infrared spectroscopy can analyze directly the extracts of traditional Chinese medicines, recognize the main ingredient preliminarily, and then supply directional reference for further planning the extract scheme and detection methods.
01 Jan 2012
TL;DR: An experiment on pinching with 3 replications showed the tallest and the shortest plant was shown without pinching and with pinching, respectively, as well as maximum number of leaves and flowers recorded following pinching.
Abstract: An experiment on pinching (viz. P0; without pinching and P1; with pinching) with 3 replications showed the tallest (37.7 cm) and the shortest plant (33.4 cm) without pinching and with pinching, respectively. Maximum number of leaves (30.1) and flowers (58.7) per plant were recorded following pinching (P1); and minimum number of leaves (26.8) and flowers (37.9) per plant were from without pinching (P0).
Patent•
17 Oct 2012
TL;DR: In this article, a production technology for extracting chlorogenic acid from chrysanthemum indicum and root leaves thereof is described, where the attapulgite is used as a separation purifier, so that the method has the characteristics of short production period, low cost, high recovery rate, and being easy to operate and the like.
Abstract: The invention discloses a production technology for extracting chlorogenic acid from chrysanthemum indicum and root leaves thereof. The technology comprises the following steps of: crushing the chrysanthemum indicum or roots or leaves, extracting by a solvent, adsorbing the extracting solution by attapulgite and eluting by methanol or ethanol, adsorbing and eluting by the attapulgite, and concentrating and recrystallizing to obtain chlorogenic acid products. In the method, the attapulgite is used as a separation purifier, so that the method has the characteristics of short production period, low cost, high recovery rate, and being easy to operate and the like; and the high-efficient and low-cost chlorogenic acid opens a new path for fully using the chrysanthemum indicum resources.
Patent•
31 May 2012
TL;DR: In this article, a composition for preventing and treating insomnia is provided to prevent and treat insomnia, which contains 50mg/kg or more of Chrysanthemum indicum L. extract.
Abstract: PURPOSE: A composition for preventing and treating insomnia is provided to prevent and treat insomnia. CONSTITUTION: A composition for preventing and treating insomnia contains 50mg/kg or more of Chrysanthemum indicum L. extract. The composition can be applied to foods such as biscket, candy, tea, and supplementary health food. The extract is prepared by extracting Chrysanthemum indicum L. with 40-80 wt% of low carbon number alcohol, filtering, concentrating, and drying. The dose of the composition is 10-5,000 mg/day.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: The results of the study pinpoint the mineral elements in different organs of Chrysanthemum indicum L. and will be a scientific basis for fertilization.
Abstract: ICP-AES technique was used to analyse the mineral elements in different organs of Chrysanthemum indicum L. The results show that: (1) The content of K in root, stem, leaves and flower was the highest among macroelements, and can respectively reach to 15.84, 17.74, 31.52 and 37.55 mg x g(-1), while the content of Fe was the highest in microelements in root, stem, leaves and flower, and can respectively reach to 3 219.90, 433.36, 1 519.46, and 1 426.63 microg x g(-1). (2) The accumulation of K, P, Ca, Mg, Mn, Zn and Mo was highest in stem of Chrysanthemum indicum L, and can respectively reach to 240.61, 19.67, 74.87, 18.31 mg x plant(-1) and 893.00, 1 039.08, 2.85 microg x plant(-1), while the accumulation of Na, Fe and Cu was highest in root, and can respectively reach to 11.51 mg x plant(-1), 11 725.27 microg x plant(-1), and 235.24 microg x plant(-1). (3) The proportion of K:P, Ca:Mg, Fe:Mn, Zn:Cu was varied in different organs. The results of the study pinpoint the mineral elements in different organs of Chrysanthemum indicum L. and will be a scientific basis for fertilization.
Patent•
10 Jul 2012
TL;DR: In this paper, the Capsicum annuum var.angulosum, Chrysanthemum indicum, Lycium chinense, Morus alba L., Pinus densifl, Undaria pinnatifida, and Sesamum indicus as an active ingredient were used to enhance hair regeneration ability.
Abstract: PURPOSE: A composition for promoting the growth of eyebrow or eyelashes is provided to enhance hair regeneration ability. CONSTITUTION: A composition for promoting the growth of eyelashes or eyebrow contains extract of Capsicum annuum var.angulosum, Chrysanthemum indicum, Lycium chinense, Morus alba L., Pinus densifl, Undaria pinnatifida, and Sesamum indicum as an active ingredient. A method for preparing the composition comprises: a step of preparing and purifying the natural extract; a step of adding fermentation bacteria to the purified extract; and a step of adding purified water and stirring. The fermentation bacteria include yeast, lactic acid bacteria, or Lactobacillus bifidus.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: The results showed that the karyotype formula and index of karyotypic asymmetry(As.k) of Chrysanthemum indicum of Baoding and japonicum var.japonicum showed that they had the same karyotypes.
Abstract: Taking six species Chrysanthemum of Chrysanthemum indicum of Baoding,Chrysanthemum nankingensem,Chrysanthemum lavandulifolium,Chrysanthemum japonicum,Chrysanthemum japonicum varwakasaense,Chrysanthemum indicum of Zibo as test material,the its cytology were studiedThe results showed that their karyotype formula and index of karyotypic asymmetry(Ask),Cindicum:2n=2x=18=16m+2st,Ask=5658%Cnankingense:2n=2x=18=12m+6sm,Ask=6047%Clavandulifolium:2n=2x=18=12m+4sm+2st,Ask=6212%Cjaponicum:2n=2x=18=14m+4sm,Ask=6646%Cjaponicum varwakasaense:2n=4x=36=28m+6sm+2st,Ask=5992%Cindicum:2n=4x=36=26m+10sm,Ask=6588%
Journal Article•
TL;DR: A water soluble neutral polysaccharide(CIP-C) was obtained from Chrysanthemum indicum L by hot water extraction, precipitation with ethanol, and purification through DEAE-Sepharose Fast Flow ion exchange chromatography and Sephacryl S-200 gel permeation chromatograph.
Abstract: Chrysanthemum indicum Lwas used as a heat-clearing and detoxication herb in traditional Chinese medicineThe studies indicated that the polysaccharide played a critical role in its medical effects,but there was no report about the details of the structural features of the homogenous polysacchatide from Chrysanthemum indicum LIn order to identify the structural features for the quality control,systematical studies of Chrysanthemum indicum Lwere performedA water soluble neutral polysaccharide(CIP-C) was obtained from Chrysanthemum indicum Lby hot water extraction,precipitation with ethanol,separation and purification through DEAE-Sepharose Fast Flow ion exchange chromatography and Sephacryl S-200 gel permeation chromatographBy means of GC-MS,NMR,partially acid hydrolysis and methylation reaction,the structure of CIP-C was identifiedThe results show that CIP-C is a heteropolysaccharide,which is mainly composed of D-Man,D-Glc and D-Gal,with a small quantity of D-Fuc,L-Ara and D-XylThe backbone of CIP-C is linked by β(or α)-D-1,4-Man,β-D-1,6-Glc and β-D-1,4-GalIn addition,T-Araf,1,5-Araf and T-Gal,1,4-Gal,1,3,6-Gal,1,3,4,6-Gal may be linked as an arabinan branch and an AGI arabinogalactan branchIn this paper,CIP-C was firstly reported as a new neutral branched polysaccharide from Chrysanthemum indicum L