Showing papers on "Chrysanthemum indicum published in 2019"
TL;DR: CISCFE treatment could effectively mitigate the D-galactose-induced hepatic and cerebral injury, and the underlying mechanism might be tightly related to the decreased oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis, indicating CISCFE might be an alternative and promising agent for the treatment of aging and age-associated brain and liver diseases.
45 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the chemical composition, inhibitory activity, and possible modes of action of the essential oil of Chrysanthemum indicum L. (EOC) flower heads against P. nicotianae were examined.
Abstract: Phytophthora nicotianae is currently considered one of the most devastating oomycete plant pathogens, and its control frequently relies solely on the use of systemic fungicides. There is an urgent need to find environment-friendly control techniques. This study examined the chemical composition, inhibitory activity, and possible modes of action of the essential oil of Chrysanthemum indicum L. (EOC) flower heads against P. nicotianae. The EOC was obtained using hydrodistillation at a 0.15% yielded. It inhibited mycelial growth and spore germination of P. nicotianae at a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 200 μL/L, and exhibited fumigation effects (92.68% inhibition at 157.48 μL/L). Marked deformation of P. nicotianae mycelia included deformed tip enlargement, shrinkage, and rupture. Further, 55 and 47 compounds were identified using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) GC-MS analyses, representing 88.2% and 98.91% of the total EOC, respectively. Monoterpenes (25.77%) and sesquiterpenes (54.14%) were the major components identified using GC-MS, whereas monoterpenes were the main constituents in the HS-SPME GC-MS analysis. The higher proportions of sesquiterpenes and monoterpenes could be responsible for the inhibitory activity of EOC, which increased mycelia membrane permeability and the content of mycelial malondialdehyde (MDA) in a dose-dependent manner. Cell death also occurred. Thus, destruction of the cell wall and membrane might be two modes of action of EOC. Our results would be useful for the development of a new plant source of fungicide for P. nicotianae-induced disease.
31 citations
TL;DR: The results indicate that the hormonal effects of vegetal-derived biostimulant are primarily exerted by BR-mediated processes while involving interaction with auxin, which was not in agreement with biphasic dose-response of auxin.
Abstract: Plant-derived protein biostimulants exhibit hormone-like activities promoting plant growth and yield, yet detailed investigations on hormonal function have remained limited. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of vegetal-derived-biostimulant on morphological and metabolic changes in cuttings of three herbaceous species demonstrating different rooting ability, basil (Ocimum basilicum L.), tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.), and chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum indicum L.), in comparison to auxin. Unrooted cuttings were applied with or without biostimulant (100, 1000, 5000, and 10,000 mg L−1) or auxin [1% indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) plus 0.5% 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA); 100, 200, 300, and 500 mg L−1] as a basal quick-dip, stuck into inert media, and evaluated at 20 days after placement under intermittent mist. Both compounds increased adventitious rooting in all cuttings. Biostimulant required a significantly higher threshold for a series of adventitious rooting responses than auxin, and the maximum effectiveness was achieved at 5000 mg L−1 for biostimulant and 100, 200, and 300 mg L−1 for auxin in basil, tomato, and chrysanthemum, respectively. Adventitious rooting responses (dry mass and length) to biostimulant showed a gradual logarithmic rise as a function of increasing dosages, which was not in agreement with biphasic dose-response of auxin. Biostimulant significantly increased or tended to increase fine roots in all tested cuttings, which was not consistent with auxin. Relatively high levels of endogenous brassinosteroids (BRs) were present in non-treated cuttings of basil, tomato, and chrysanthemum in decreasing order. Both compounds had no effects or concomitantly increased or decreased BR levels in plant tissues, with fewer effects on basil and tomato, containing high BR levels, but more prominent effects on chrysanthemum, containing relatively low BR levels. Contrasting effects of biostimulant and auxin were found in antioxidant activities, which were promoted by biostimulant but inhibited by auxin either in roots or shoots. These results indicate that the hormonal effects of vegetal-derived biostimulant are primarily exerted by BR-mediated processes while involving interaction with auxin. Both the biostimulant-derived BRs and auxin were suggested to modulate endogenous BR pool via overlapping and interdependent regulatory functions, inducing morphological and metabolic changes during adventitious rooting of cuttings in a plant species-specific manner.
29 citations
TL;DR: Insight is provided into the potential application of molecular breeding and metabolic engineering for improving the quality of cultivated C. indicum and a linarin biosynthesis pathway is proposed.
24 citations
TL;DR: This study provides scientific evidence substantiating the traditional use of C. indicum in the treatment of inflammatory diseases, including gout, which is induced by physiologically analogous cause to MSU-induced peritonitis.
23 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the physicochemical characteristics, antioxidant activity, and antiglycation activity of polysaccharides extracted from different chrysanthemum teas, including Coreopsis tinctoria, Chrysantshemum indicum, C. morifolium ‘Huangju, Chen et al.
Abstract: Polysaccharides are one of the major bioactive components in chrysanthemum teas. In order to understand well the chemical structures and bioactivities of polysaccharides from different chrysanthemum teas (JHPs) collected in China, the physicochemical characteristics, antioxidant activity, and antiglycation activity of polysaccharides extracted from different chrysanthemum teas, including Coreopsis tinctoria, Chrysanthemum indicum, C. morifolium ‘Huangju’, C. morifolium ‘Gongju’, and C. morifolium ‘Hangbaiju’, were investigated. The results showed that the contents of total uronic acids and total phenolics in JHPs ranged from (28.4 ± 0.3)% to (36.2 ± 0.2)%, and from 9.4 ± 0.7 to 70.2 ± 1.7 mg GAE per g, respectively. The molecular weights of fraction 1 and fraction 2 in JHPs ranged from 4.29 × 105 to 5.88 × 105 Da, and from 4.11 × 104 to 5.24 × 104 Da, respectively. The dominant constituent monosaccharides of JHPs were galacturonic acid, arabinose, and galactose. Furthermore, JHPs, especially polysaccharides extracted from C. tinctoria, exerted remarkable ABTS, DPPH, nitric oxide, and hydroxyl radical scavenging activities, as well as strong antiglycation activities. The results are helpful for better understanding of the chemical structures and bioactivities of JHPs, and JHPs may have good potential applications in the functional-food industry.
21 citations
TL;DR: The results support that the enzymatic treatment of Chrysanthemum indicum Linné treated with enzymes induced the production of aglycones for potentially suppressing the adipogenesis and lipid accumulation in HFD-fed mice and suggests that CIVT might be an effective candidate for attenuating the over-weight and its related diseases.
Abstract: Enzyme treatment of the foods and herbs has been used to improve the absorption rate the efficiency of plant extracts by converting the glycosides of the plant into aglycones. In this study, we examined the obesity-inhibitory effect of Chrysanthemum indicum Linne (CI) treated with enzymes such as viscozyme and tannase, which are highly efficient in converting glycosides to aglycones and then compared with untreated CI extract. The enzyme-treated CI ethanol extract (CIVT) was administered orally at various doses for 7 weeks in the high fat diet (HFD)-fed male mice. CIVT administration reduced the body weights, the food efficiency and the serum levels of lipid metabolism-related biomarkers, such as triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c) and leptin in the dose-dependent manner but not those high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) and adiponectin. CIVT also reduced considerably the total lipid amount in the liver and the size of adipocytes in the epididymal white adipose tissue (eWAT). CIVT effectively downregulated the adipogenesis-related transcription factors such as peroxisome proliferation activated receptor (PPAR)-γ and CCAAT/enhancer binding protein-α (C/EBP-α) but up-regulated PPAR-α, in the liver and eWAT. In addition, when compared to the enzyme-untreated CI 50% ethanol extract (CIEE), CIVT enhanced the reduction of body weight and lipid accumulation. Moreover, the viscozyme and tannase treatment of CI increased the flavonoid contents of the aglycone form. Therefore, our results support that the enzymatic treatment induced the production of aglycones for potentially suppressing the adipogenesis and lipid accumulation in HFD-fed mice. It suggests that CIVT might be an effective candidate for attenuating the over-weight and its related diseases.
18 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the effects of combined infrared and steam blanching (ISB) on enzyme inactivation (peroxidase, POD, and polyphenol oxidase) on Chrysanthemum indicum L. flower were comparatively studied.
Abstract: The effects of combined infrared and steam blanching (ISB), steam blanching (SB) and infrared blanching (IB) on enzyme inactivation (peroxidase, POD, and polyphenol oxidase, PPO), characteristic bioactive components content (phenolics, carotenoids and flavonoids), 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural (5‐HMF), micromorphology and color of Chrysanthemum indicum L. flower were comparatively studied. It was shown that ISB and SB treatments allowed a stable surface temperature at approximately 99°C, while IB caused the temperature rose up to a high value of 129.2°C. ISB treatment enhanced POD and PPO inactivation, and resulted in highest characteristic components, color, and micromorphology retention, as well as the lowest 5‐HMF content. The results demonstrated that ISB can be an alternative to conventional IB and SB for the inactivation of POD and PPO in fresh plants with the added values of higher retention of bioactive compounds, better external appearance, and lower evolution of maillard reaction. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Chrysanthemum indicum L. flower has a bright yellow color and various pharmacological active compounds. Because of the short blooming period and perishable characteristic, fresh Chrysanthemum indicum L. flower must be dried to extend its shelf‐life for off‐season use. Blanching is an essential step before drying of agricultural products to inactivate enzymes that cause brown discoloration and loss of bioactive components. However, conventional blanching methods are time‐consuming. Therefore, a method of combined infrared and steam blanching was proposed in this paper. The results can serve as a basis to design ISB treatment before drying of fruit and vegetables to save blanching time, control enzyme browning, and non‐enzyme browning and improve product quality.
12 citations
TL;DR: Twelve new guaianolide-type sesquiterpenoids and five known guaIANolide derivatives were isolated from an aqueous ethanol extract of the aerial parts of Chrysanthemum indicum and their structures were determined through spectroscopic data analysis.
Abstract: Twelve new guaianolide-type sesquiterpenoids (1-12) and five known guaianolide derivatives (13-17) were isolated from an aqueous ethanol extract of the aerial parts of Chrysanthemum indicum. Their structures were determined through spectroscopic data analysis. The absolute configurations of the new compounds were assigned by X-ray crystallography and electronic circular dichroism. Compound 5 shows multiple cytotoxic activities against four human naso-pharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) cell lines (CNE1, CNE2, SUNE-1, and HONE-1) and one human intestinal epithelial cell line (HT-29) with IC50 values of 4.6, 6.0, 3.5, 4.3, and 9.6 μM, respectively. Compound 16 exhibits weak cytotoxicity against four NPC cell lines, CNE1 (IC50 = 7.3 μM), CNE2 (IC50 = 7.4 μM), HONE-1 (IC50 = 7.6 μM), and SUNE-1 (IC50 = 5.6 μM), but no cytotoxicity against HT-29 (IC50 > 10 μM).
11 citations
10 citations
TL;DR: The flowers of Chrysanthemum indicum, i.e. Ye-ju-hua, has been widely used in China as an important heat-clearing and detoxifying herb for the treatment of inflammation, headache, and vertigo, and a phytochemical investigation of this herb has led to the isolation of two new eudesmane sesquiterpenoids.
Abstract: The flowers of Chrysanthemum indicum, i.e. Ye-ju-hua recorded in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia, has been widely used in China as an important heat-clearing and detoxifying herb for the treatment of inflammation, headache, and vertigo. A phytochemical investigation of this herb has led to the isolation of two new eudesmane sesquiterpenoids, 7-epi-eudesm-4(15),11(13)-diene-1β,3β-diol (1) and 7-epi-1β-hydroxy-β-eudesmol (2). The molecular structures of these new sesquiterpenoids were established based on the comprehensive spectroscopic analyses, including NMR, MS, and IR, and comparing with the literatures.
TL;DR: The activities and the contents of (E)-, (Z)-tonghaosu, 1, and 2 among 13 commercial samples of Chrysanthemi Flos, including those derived from both C. morifolium and C. indicum, showed the potential to become a lead compound for the drug discovery of PPAR-γ agonists.
Abstract: The capitula of Chrysanthemum morifolium and C. indicum are used to prepare Chrysanthemi Flos in traditional Japanese Kampo medicine. In our previous study, we reported on the agonistic effect of methanol extract of C. indicum capitulum on peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-γ. We further isolated (E)-tonghaosu from C. indicum capitulum as one of the active ingredients. In the present study, we aimed to evaluate the PPAR-γ agonistic activity of a methanol extract of C. morifolium capitulum (MCM) in which (E)-tonghaosu could not be detected. MCM exhibited PPAR-γ agonistic activity in a concentration-dependent manner, and at a dose of 100 µg/ml, it showed similar activity to pioglitazone (30 µM), a standard PPAR-γ agonist. Through activity-guided fractionation, we isolated two geometric isomers, (E)- (1) and (Z)-B-ring-homo-tonghaosu (2), as the active ingredients of MCM. Both compounds exerted concentration-dependent PPAR-γ agonistic effects, and 1 had higher activity than 2. At 1.4 µM, 1 had similar activity to pioglitazone (30 µM), which was achieved by 2 at a concentration of 140 µM. Thus, 1 has the potential to become a lead compound for the drug discovery of PPAR-γ agonists. We compared the activities and the contents of (E)-, (Z)-tonghaosu, 1, and 2 among 13 commercial samples of Chrysanthemi Flos, including those derived from both C. morifolium and C. indicum. Their PPAR-γ agonistic activities were not related to the contents of these compounds. 1 and 2 were detected in the samples derived from both species but (E)- and (Z)-tonghaosu were not detected in the samples derived from C. morifolium; hence (E)- and (Z)-tonghaosu can serve as marker compounds to identify the capitula of C. indicum in Chrysanthemi Flos samples.
TL;DR: In this article, a novel glucoside sesquiterpenoid (1) was isolated from Chrysanthemum indicum L. flowers, together with 14 known compounds (2, 3, 4, 8, and 10−14) were isolated from the plant for the first time.
Abstract: A novel glucoside sesquiterpenoid (1) was isolated from Chrysanthemum indicum L. flowers, together with 14 known compounds (2–15), among which eight compounds (3, 4, 8, and 10–14) were isolated from the plant for the first time. Their structures were determined on the basis of the interpretation of spectroscopic data, viz., ESI-MS, HR-TOF-MS, IR, and NMR. The effects of these compounds onlipopolysaccharide-induced nitric oxide production by RAW 264.7 cells were investigated. Compounds 2, 3, and 7 showed strong or moderate inhibitory effects at 100 μM, and the IC50 values of 3 and 7 were 36.09 and 9.59 μM, respectively.
TL;DR: ISB allowed the brightest colour and prevented the regeneration of POD activity in dried C. indicum flowers during storage and provides a new blanching method for natural plant products.
Abstract: The effects of innovative infrared-steam blanching (ISB) on the peroxidase (POD) inactivation, POD inactivation kinetics, characteristic component (phenolics, carotenoids and flavonoids) content, colour and regeneration of POD activity during storage of Chrysanthemum indicum L. flowers were comparatively studied following steam blanching (SB) and infrared blanching (IB). ISB and SB allowed a stable surface temperature of the flowers at approximately 100 °C, and IB caused the temperature rose up to a high value of 129.2 °C. POD was inactivated to 5.7% of its residual activity after ISB for 90 s, 5.8% after SB for 180 s and 5.3% after IB for 270 s. In all processes, the POD inactivation kinetics followed a first-order model (R2 varied from 0.932 to 0.957) and ISB achieved lower T1/2, Ea and D values and a higher k value than SB and IB. The sample blanched with ISB maintained more characteristic components and colour retention than those blanched with SB and IB. Moreover, ISB allowed the brightest colour and prevented the regeneration of POD activity in dried C. indicum flowers during storage. Therefore, ISB for 90 s at 100 °C is recommended as a more suitable method for blanching C. indicum flowers. The findings in the current work provide a new blanching method for natural plant products.
TL;DR: The artificial supplement and the appropriate artificial management of wild tending is a mode of production to increase the population density of Ch.
Abstract: To provide theoretical basis for the formation of Chrysanthemum indicum resource and quality,the differences in biology,ecology,yield and quality of Ch. indicum population in the wild tending,the cultivated and the wild were analyzed and compared in this study. The results showed that in the aspect of biology,there was no significant difference between the condition of wild tending and cultivated Ch. indicum at the height of plant,both were significantly higher than wild Ch. indicum. In the aspect of ecology,in the condition of wild tending is less likely to occur water logging than cultivated Ch. indicum. In the condition of wild tending is less likely to occur plant diseases and insect pests than Ch. indicum in the condition of wild. In the aspect of production,the average output of the sample of the condition of wild tending was significantly higher than that the condition of artificial cultivation and wild quadrat. There was no significant difference between the three kinds of condition on the traits of capitulum dichasium,the content of buddleoside of the wild tending Ch. indicum was significantly higher than that of 0. 80% required by the Chinese Pharmacopoeia( 2015 edition). Therefore,the artificial supplement and the appropriate artificial management of wild tending is a mode of production to increase the population density of Ch. indicum and obtain high quality and high yield medicinal materials.
TL;DR: The results showed that the application of soil Cd in the range of 0-100 mg·kg~(-1) had no significant effect on the biomass of Ch.
Abstract: The Cd stress of Chrysanthemum indicum was treated by different concentrations of Cd Cl2 solution in the culture substrate. The content of Cd in different parts of Ch. indicum and the content of buddleoside and the total flavonoids in Ch. indicum were determined. The absorption characteristics of Cd elements in Ch. indicum were analyzed. And the influence of Cd elements on the quality of the herbs. The results showed that the application of soil Cd in the range of 0-100 mg·kg~(-1) had no significant effect on the biomass of Ch. indicum,and the root-shoot ratio showed a decreasing-increasing-decreasing trend. The content of Cd in different parts of Ch. indicum was significantly different,and the content of aboveground part was higher than that of underground part. The enrichment factors of Cd elements in different parts of Ch. indicum are different. The enrichment coefficient of aboveground parts is larger than that of underground parts. The whole parts and plants show an increase first and then decrease,and the overall enrichment factor is greater than1. The transfer coefficient of the aerial part/underground part of Ch. indicum showed a decreasing-increasing-decreasing-increasing trend with the increase of the amount of Cd applied in the soil,and the transfer coefficient was higher than 1. The contents of buddleoside and total flavonoids in Ch. indicum after Cd stress treatment were lower than the control,and the overall performance was lower and then increased,but it was still significantly lower than the control,indicating that Cd pollution directly led to the decrease of chemical quality of Ch. indicum.
TL;DR: The beneficial role of CLE in skin health was demonstrated through the downregulation of melanogenesis and enhancement of skin fibril-related genes and it was revealed that the function of CLE is mediated with the activation of the TGF-β/JNK signaling pathway.
Abstract: Although several physiological effects of Chrysanthemum indicum Linne (CL) have been researched, the specific effect and molecular mechanism of CL as a functional food material for skin health remain still unknown. Here, it was observed that the α-MSH and IBMX-initiated B16F10 melanogenesis was suppressed by the CL water extract (CLE) treatment. The CLE treatment also increased the mRNA expression levels of pro-collagen1α2, collagen1α2, and fibronectin via exerting the TGF-β/JNK signaling pathway. Together, the beneficial role of CLE in skin health was demonstrated through the downregulation of melanogenesis and enhancement of skin fibril-related genes. It was also revealed that the function of CLE is mediated with the activation of the TGF-β/JNK signaling pathway. These results may provide evidences for the development of functional foods using CLE for maintaining healthy skin.
TL;DR: DNA barcode technology was used to establish a rapid identification method of Chrysanthemum indicum and Ch.
Abstract: DNA barcode technology was used to establish a rapid identification method of Chrysanthemum indicum and Ch. morifolium based on psbA-trn H,mat K and trn L sequences. The total DNA was extracted from 21 samples collected,and the psbA-trn H,mat K,trn L sequences were amplified by PCR and sequenced. The information of these sequences were obtained. We aligned all 63 sequences,calculated the intraspecific and interspecific distances,analysed the SNPs distribution of psbA-trn H+mat K+trn L combination sequences and constructed the Neighbor-joining( NJ) Tree,using MEGA 7. 0. The results showed that the genetic distances of Ch. indicum,Ch. indicum( Juhuanao)and Ch. morifolium were overlapped. The SNPs analysis of psbA-trn H+mat K+trn L combination sequences showed that there were 19 nucleotide polymorphism loci( SNPs) and nine parsim-informative sites in the combination sequences. In addition,Ch. indicum showed more obvious sequence polymorphism than those of Ch. indicum( Juhuanao) and Ch. morifolium. The psbA-trn H sequences showed obvious length variation.The NJ Tree showed that Ch. morifolium numbered C2-C5 were clustered into a single subbranch with a bootstrap value of 62%,and Ch.morifolium could be distinguished from Ch. indicum and Ch. indicum( Juhuanao). Moreover,Ch. indicum numbered Z9 and Z10 collected from Gansu province were singly clustered into one branch with a bootstrap value of 77%. It was also found that the changes of psbA-trn H and trn L sequences information of Ch. indicum samples from the northwest were obviously related to the geography and environment. Moreover,Ch.indicum and Ch. indicum( Juhuanao) had obvious differentiation,were also regarded as the evolutionary sources of Ch. morifolium. Therefore,psbA-trn H+mat K+trn L combination sequences as DNA barcode can identify Ch. indicum and Ch. morifolium accurately and rapidly,which provides an important basis for germplasm resources identification and species identification.
TL;DR: It was proved that Ch.
Abstract: DNA barcode technology was used to establish a rapid identification method of Chrysanthemum indicum based on ITS2 sequences. The total DNA was extracted from 22 collected samples,and the ITS2 sequence was amplified by PCR and sequenced,and the information of ITS2 sequence was obtained. Another 14 items of the same family or the same genus were downloaded from Gen Bank.We aligned all 36 sequences,calculated the intraspecific and interspecific distances,and constructed Neighbor Joining( NJ) phylogenetic tree,using MEGA 7. 0. The difference of the secondary structure between the ITS2 sequences was compared. The results showed that the genetic distance of Ch. indicum and Ch. morifolium was overlapped,but the maximum intraspecific distance was far less than the minimum interspecific distance between and among Ch. indicum and other species,with an obvious barcoding gap. The NJ tree showed that Ch. indicum and Ch. morifolium shared a clade,and most of Ch. morifolium with some Ch. indicum were shared a subclade,while Inula lineariifolia,Sinosenecio oldhamianus and Senecio scandens belonged to one clade separately. ITS2 secondary structures for I. lineariifolia,S. oldhamianus and S. scandens were significantly different enough to identify completely but Ch. indicum and Ch. morifolium shared two secondary structures of A and B. It was proved that Ch. indicum was one of the evolutionary sources of Ch.morifolium. Therefore ITS2 sequence as DNA barcode can identify Ch. indicum and its adulterants accurately and quickly. The study provides an important basis for Ch. indicum for the identification of germplasm resources and the safety of clinical medication.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: Phytochemical investigation of extracts of Chrysanthemum indicum shows that aqueous extract contains glycoside, while ethanolic extract shows presence of glycosides, flavonoids and tannins.
Abstract: Chrysanthemum indicum is a perennial herb belonging to the family Asteracea. It usually blooms from August to October. Chrysanthemum indicum is an erect, aromatic, perennial plant producing a clump of stems 25-100 cm tall from procumbent rhizomes. The whole plant is blood tonic, depurative, febrifuge and vulnerary. It is used for detoxifying, and dissipating blood stasis. The leaves are depurative. They are used in China in the treatment of migraine. The Photomicrographic evaluation revealed interesting microscopic characteristic. The transverse section of leaf is dorsiventral consists of midrib and lamina. Calcium-oxalate crystals were found in spongy parenchyma. Chrysanthemum indicum leaf surface contains simple, unicellular covering trichomes and paracytic type of stomata. Covering trichomes are more in number as compared to glandular trichomes. Midrib contains centrally located vascular bundle which is collateral surrounded by some parenchymatous cell. Phytochemical screening of aqueous of leaf showed the presence of glycoside, and ethanolic extract of leaf showed the presence of glycosides, tannins and flavonoids. % Loss on drying of the powder was found to be 33%. The ash value of powder of Chrysanthemum indicum leaf was determined as total ash, water soluble ash and acid insoluble ash and was found to be 9.20%, 2.05%, 8.71%respectively. The acid soluble extractive value and water soluble extractive value was found to be 16.8% and 13.9% respectively. Phytochemical investigation of extracts of Chrysanthemum indicum shows that aqueous extract contains glycosides, while ethanolic extract shows presence of glycosides, flavonoids and tannins
TL;DR: The experimental results showed that short-day treatment could increase the expression level of CO gene in Ch.
Abstract: This experiment studied the expression pattern of key gene CO in the photoperiod of Chrysanthemum indicum. The CDS sequence of the Ch. indicum CO gene was cloned by RT-PCR. The open reading frame was 1 380 bp in length and encoded 459 amino acids. The bioinformatics analysis results showed that the Ch. indicum CO had higher homology with Ch. lavandulifolium and Artemisia annua,and the CO was more conservative in the same family. The molecular weight of the predicted protein encode by CO is 52. 04 k Da,the p I is 4. 81,the α-helix structure accounted for 17. 65%,the random coil accounted for 76. 69%,the extension chain accounted for 5. 66%,there are no β-fold and signal peptide. The experimental results showed that short-day treatment could increase the expression level of CO gene in Ch. indicum and induce its flowering. The results of qRT-PCR showed that the relative expression of CO gene in different tissues and different treatment periods of Ch. indicum was significantly different. In this paper,we studied the effect of short-day treatment on the expression of key genes in the flowering cycle of Ch. indicum,providing a basis for photoperiod regulation and harvesting period of Ch.indicum.
Patent•
07 Oct 2019
TL;DR: In this article, a method for manufacturing a steak sauce using medicinal herbs and a steak sauce manufactured by the method is presented. But the present method is not suitable for cooking steaks.
Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for manufacturing a steak sauce using medicinal herbs and a steak sauce manufactured by the method. More particularly, the present invention comprises the steps of: preparing medicinal herbs and manufacturing an extract; roasting onions, tomatoes and celery with butter; heating after adding the roasted onions, tomatoes and celery to the extract and filtering to prepare a broth; roasting dried up pears and lotus root with butter; and heating after adding the manufactured broth and roux to the roasted dried up pears and lotus root, wherein the medicinal herbs are lotus root, Lycium chinense, Chrysanthemum indicum, Panax ginseng and Astragalus propinquus. The present invention not only has excellent functionality, but also removes the stink of meat and has excellent organoleptic preferences.
Patent•
25 Oct 2019
TL;DR: In this article, the wild chrysanthemum flower seeds are creatively directly sowed or drill-sowed in a wetland field, the wetland can ensure that the surface soil is moist for a long time, so that the seeds are easy to absorb water, and the problem of water shortage does not occur in the seed roots after the seeds absorb water and germinate is solved.
Abstract: The invention belongs to the technical field of wild chrysanthemum cultivation, in particular to a wild chrysanthemum planting method. According to the method, wild chrysanthemum flower seeds are creatively directly sowed or drill-sowed in a wetland field, the wetland can ensure that the surface soil is moist for a long time, so that the seeds are easy to absorb water, and the problem of water shortage does not occur in the seed roots after the seeds absorb water and germinate is solved, the phenomenon that the seeds are sun-dried or dry after absorbing water and swelling is avoided, and the problem that the seeds are difficult to germinate and absorb water is solved; if the seeds are sown in wetland and covered with soil, with the seed weight of chrysanthemum indicum being only 0.1g, cotyledons are difficult to excavate; and by arranging drainage ditches in the wetland, the drainage property of the wetland can be ensured, the problem of stagnant water and dead seedlings cannot occur during the growth of the wild chrysanthemum, the wild chrysanthemum can normally grow, and the survival rate of the wild chrysanthemum is ensured.
Patent•
23 Aug 2019
TL;DR: In this article, a carvacrol-containing composition and a bactericide, and preparation methods and applications thereof, and relates to the technical field of pesticides, are provided, and a botanical composition prepared by compounding the carvaxrol and Chrysanthemum indicum essential oil has synergistic effects, and has good control effects on tobacco bacterial wilt and black shank.
Abstract: The invention provides a carvacrol-containing composition and a bactericide, and preparation methods and applications thereof, and relates to the technical field of pesticides. The carvacrol-containing composition comprises carvacrol and Chrysanthemum indicum essential oil, and a volume ratio of the carvacrol to the Chrysanthemum indicum essential oil is (1-10):(10-1). The botanical composition prepared by compounding the carvacrol and Chrysanthemum indicum essential oil has synergistic effects, and has good prevention and control effects on tobacco bacterial wilt and black shank. The controlefficiency of the bactericide prepared from the composition on the tobacco bacterial wilt reaches 50% or above, the control efficiency of the bactericide on the black shank reaches 65% or above, and the bactericide has comprehensive prevention and control effects on the two diseases.
Patent•
09 May 2019
TL;DR: In this paper, a food composition for relieving allergic rhinitis which can maximize the absorption rate of an active ingredient through ultra fine pulverization of a fermented product of Xanthium strumarium L., Magnolia flower, Ulmus macrocarpa Hance, Luffa aegyptiaca Miller, and chrysanthemum.
Abstract: The present invention relates to a food composition for relieving allergic rhinitis which can maximize the absorption rate of an active ingredient through ultra fine pulverization of a fermented product of Xanthium strumarium L., Magnolia flower, Ulmus macrocarpa Hance, Luffa aegyptiaca Miller, and chrysanthemum. In addition, the present invention provides a food composition comprising a fermented product of Xanthium strumarium L., Magnolia flower, Ulmus macrocarpa Hance, Luffa aegyptiaca Miller, and chrysanthemum.
Patent•
17 May 2019
TL;DR: In this article, an incense stick using Chrysanthemum indicum petals and a method for manufacturing the same was presented, which improved aromatic properties and increasing satisfaction of users.
Abstract: The present invention discloses an incense stick using Chrysanthemum indicum petals, and a method for manufacturing the same. That is, the present invention prepares a kneaded product using dried Chrysanthemum indicum petals, dried Dendropanax morbifera, teakwood, pine tree bark, pine cones, borneol, Ulmus davidiana, and the like; prepares a molded product by molding the prepared kneaded product; and manufactures an incense stick by drying the prepared molded product, thereby improving aromatic properties and increasing satisfaction of users.