Topic
Cipher
About: Cipher is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 9409 publications have been published within this topic receiving 110309 citations. The topic is also known as: cypher & cryptographic algorithm.
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Patent•
03 May 2005TL;DR: In this article, the deciphering of fragmented enciphered IP packets is perfomed without requiring reassembly of the fragments fragmented packets, by using a characteristic poly-tuple against the state of the cipher, particularly an output vector.
Abstract: The deciphering of fragmented enciphered IP packets is perfomed without requiring reassembly of the fragments fragmented packets. When a first frame is deciphered a characteristic poly-tuple is saved against the state of the cipher, particularly an output vector. When the next frame comes in, the cipher would continue on from that previously saved state after a look-up of the poly-tuple. Each frame would then be sent on, deciphered, but still representing a fragment of the original packet. The poly-tuple employed for the look-up includes the identity and protocol fields from the IP header and at least one of the source IP address and the destination IP address. The deciphering process may commence with the combination of input data with an initialising vector and proceed by combining input data with a vector fed back from the output of the deciphering engine. The saved cipher state is employed as the initialising vector for the next frame.
53 citations
TL;DR: Experimental results indicate that the proposed modifications to the AES algorithm made the algorithm more compatible with HD image encryption.
Abstract: In this article, a high-speed and highly restricted encryption algorithm is proposed to cipher high-definition (HD) images based on the modified advanced encryption standard (AES) algorithm. AES is a well-known block cipher algorithm and has several advantages, such as high-level security and implementation ability. However, AES has some drawbacks, including high computation costs, pattern appearance, and high hardware requirements. The aforementioned problems become more complex when the AES algorithm ciphers an image, especially HD images. Three modifications are proposed in this paper to improve AES algorithm performance through, decreasing the computation costs, decreasing the hardware requirements, and increasing the security level. First, modification was conducted using MixColumn transformation in 5 rounds instead of 10 rounds in the original AES-128 to decrease the encryption time. Security is enhanced by improving the key schedule operation by adding MixColumn transformation to this operation as second modification. In addition, to decrease the hardware requirements, S-box and Inv. S-box in the original AES are replaced by one simple S-box used for encryption and decryption in the proposed method. The proposed AES version conducts one of the ciphering modes to solve the appearance pattern problem. Experimental results indicate that the proposed modifications to the AES algorithm made the algorithm more compatible with HD image encryption.
53 citations
TL;DR: A novel image encryption algorithm is constructed on the new couple map lattice, which is used as a key stream generator and can resist CPA and CCA attack and differential attack.
53 citations
04 Nov 2009
TL;DR: A new blockcipher mode of operation named BTM, which stands for Bivariate Tag Mixing, which makes all-around improvements over the previous two DAE constructions, SIV (Eurocrypt 2006) and HBS (FSE 2009).
Abstract: We present a new blockcipher mode of operation named BTM, which stands for Bivariate Tag Mixing. BTM falls into the category of Deterministic Authenticated Encryption, which we call DAE for short. BTM makes all-around improvements over the previous two DAE constructions, SIV (Eurocrypt 2006) and HBS (FSE 2009). Specifically, our BTM requires just one blockcipher key, whereas SIV requires two. Our BTM does not require the decryption algorithm of the underlying blockcipher, whereas HBS does. The BTM mode utilizes bivariate polynomial hashing for authentication, which enables us to handle vectorial inputs of dynamic dimensions. BTM then generates an initial value for its counter mode of encryption by mixing the resulting tag with one of the two variables (hash keys), which avoids the need for an implementation of the inverse cipher.
53 citations
Proceedings Article•
04 Feb 2002
TL;DR: It is concluded that cipher designers may have placed too much faith in multiplication as a mixing operator, and that it should be combined with at least two other incompatible group operations.
Abstract: We present a new type of differential that is particularly suited to analyzing ciphers that use modular multiplication as a primitive operation. These differentials are partially inspired by the differential used to break Nimbus, and we generalize that result. We use these differentials to break the MultiSwap cipher that is part of the Microsoft Digital Rights Management subsystem, to derive a complementation property in the xmx cipher using the recommended modulus, and to mount a weak key attack on the xmx cipher for many other moduli. We also present weak key attacks on several variants of IDEA. We conclude that cipher designers may have placed too much faith in multiplication as a mixing operator, and that it should be combined with at least two other incompatible group operations.
53 citations