Topic
Citric acid
About: Citric acid is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 17745 publications have been published within this topic receiving 277125 citations. The topic is also known as: citrate & H3cit.
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors synthesize SnO2 particles by a sol-gel method from the very simple starting material granulated tin, where citric acid is introduced to stabilize the precursor solution and slow down the hydrolysis and condensation processes.
276 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a sandy loam was collected from the vicinity of the Benue industrial layout, Makurdi, Nigeria and spiked with a quinternary mixture of nickel, copper, zinc, cadmium and lead nitrates to achieve higher levels of contamination.
Abstract: Changes in heavy metal speciation and uptake by maize in a soil before and after washing with chelating organic acids, citric acid, tartaric acid and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid were assessed. A sandy loam was collected from the vicinity of the Benue industrial layout, Makurdi, Nigeria and spiked with a quinternary mixture of nickel, copper, zinc, cadmium and lead nitrates to achieve higher levels of contamination. Batch soil washing experiments performed on 1.0 g portions of the spiked soil using 0.05 M chelating agents at a solid:liquid ratio of 1:25 showed that washing efficiencies varied in the order: ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid> citric acid> tartaric acid with metal extraction yields typically following the sequence, copper> nickel> zinc> cadmium> lead. Sequential extractions proposed by the European Communities Bureau of Reference method used to assess the redistribution of heavy metal forms in the soil showed that apparent metal mobilities were reduced upon soil washing. Citric acid removed most of the metals hitherto associated with the exchangeable and reducible fractions; tartaric acid, the exchangeable metal pools; and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, the non-residual metal pools. Heavy metal assay of harvested biomass of maize grown on unwashed and washed soil samples indicated that metal transfer coefficients, decreased in the order of treatment: ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid
274 citations
TL;DR: Two cultivars of Helianthus annuus were used in conjunction with ethylene diamine tetracetic acid (EDTA) and citric acid (CA) as chelators for enhancing the uptake and translocation of Cd, Cr, and Ni from a silty-clay loam soil.
273 citations
TL;DR: Biodegradable and non-retrogradable starch-glycerol based films were obtained using citric acid as crosslinking agent at 75°C and remained amorphous for at least 45 days as a result of the network formed by the CA that avoided starch retrogradation and maintained the degradability in compost.
269 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the optimum conditions for the isolation of odourless and colourless collagen from the skins of cod (Gadus morhua) by solvent extraction were established, and it was established that with the use of a one-stage, 24-h extraction of whole skins with acetic or citric acid at ratios of material to solvent of 1:6 and 1:4, respectively, about 20% of collagen was extracted.
269 citations