Topic
Citric acid
About: Citric acid is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 17745 publications have been published within this topic receiving 277125 citations. The topic is also known as: citrate & H3cit.
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TL;DR: It is suggested thatcitric acid is an important component of the stress response in L. chinensis, and exogenous application of 50 mg l−1 citric acid might play a positive role on stress tolerance.
Abstract: Some plants accumulate some compatible solutes and exude various organic acids when exposed to environmental stress. These compatible solutes including proline have been suggested to be involved in stress tolerance by maintaining sufficient cell turgor for growth, thereby improving plant growth, protecting enzymes, and membranes. However, less evidence exists regarding the protective roles of organic acids under stress conditions. Here, we investigate the effects of citric acid as a component of the response to stress on plant growth and antioxidant enzyme activities in two genotypes of halophyte Leymus chinensis (Trin.) genotypes, LcWT07 and LcJS0107. Data showed that both saline stress (200 mM NaCl) and alkaline stress (100 mM Na2CO3) reduced plant growth on the relative growth rate and CO2 assimilation rate, but increased the citric acid concentrations in 6-week-old plants over the 72 h experimental period. When 50 mg l−1 citric acid was exogenously applied under stress conditions, it significantly improved the plant growth and internal citric acid concentration, and also induced defense mechanisms by increasing the activities of antioxidant enzymes. To compare with the mitigative effects of exogenous citric acid on stress, exogenous application of proline was also performed under same conditions, and similar effects on the improvement of growth were observed. Based on these results, we suggested that citric acid is an important component of the stress response in L. chinensis, and exogenous application of 50 mg l−1 citric acid might play a positive role on stress tolerance.
66 citations
TL;DR: In this article, various mathematical models of amine extraction of tribasic weak acid were developed and compared with equilibrium data on the distribution of citric acid between water and solution of trialkylamine in MIBK.
66 citations
TL;DR: Experiments indicate the significant potential in using these organic acids to remove precipitates formed during the oxidation reaction, especially at low pH, when proton-promoted dissolution seems to occur with all the acids tested, but this process is not dominant.
65 citations
TL;DR: In this article, an experimental analysis of the effects of electrolyte composition and various other operation variables on the electrodeposition of Ni-Fe alloys was carried out, and it was observed that the anomalous codeposition occurs preferentially for the same conditions (SO4−2 media, pH 2.0 and lower current densities), in that the presence of a hydroxide film at the surface would be favored, which could both enable the reduction of iron to occur at more noble potentials and allow the iron to discharge through its thickness whilst hindering the
Abstract: The present work consists of an experimental analysis of the effects of electrolyte composition and various other operation variables on the electrodeposition of Ni-Fe alloys. Two kinds of electrolytic solutions were used: sulphates and chlorides. Boric acid, citric acid and l -ascorbic acid were added to the solutions, and the pH was fixed at either of two values: 2.0 or 3.0. The alloys were electrodeposited at different current densities (0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 A dm−2) and for all the conditions investigated the deposits with larger iron content were carried out with lower cathodic efficiency. From these experiments and from the decomposition of polarisation plots it was observed that the anomalous codeposition occurs preferentially for the same conditions (SO4−2 media, pH 2.0 and lower current densities), in that the presence of a hydroxide film at the surface would be favoured, which could both enable the reduction of iron to occur at more noble potentials and allow the iron to discharge through its thickness whilst hindering the movement of nickel ions. Concerning the role of the additives, citric acid containing solutions produced deposits with the largest iron contents, while the presence of ascorbic acid had no pronounced effect. The iron content is lower in deposits from boric acid solutions.
65 citations
TL;DR: A two-stage fed-batch process was designed to enhance erythritol productivity by the mutant strain of Candida magnoliae, and a high glucose concentration in the production phase resulted in formation of organic acids including citrate and butyrate.
Abstract: A two-stage fed-batch process was designed to enhance erythritol productivity by the mutant strain of Candida magnoliae. The first stage (or growth stage) was performed in the fed-batch mode where the growth medium was fed when the pH of the culture broth dropped below 4.5. The second stage (or production stage) was started with addition of glucose powder into the culture broth when the cell mass reached about 75 g dry cell weight l−1. When the initial glucose concentration was adjusted to 400 g l−1 in the production stage, 2.8 g l−1 h−1 of overall erythritol productivity and 41% of erythritol conversion yield were achieved, which represented a fivefold increase in erythritol productivity compared with the simple batch fermentation process. A high glucose concentration in the production phase resulted in formation of organic acids including citrate and butyrate. An increase in dissolved oxygen level caused formation of gluconic acid instead of citric acid. Journal of Industrial Microbiology & Biotechnology (2000) 25, 100–103.
65 citations