Topic
Citric acid
About: Citric acid is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 17745 publications have been published within this topic receiving 277125 citations. The topic is also known as: citrate & H3cit.
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TL;DR: Light-colored, dry collagen was obtained and, after dissolving in warm water, turned into soluble gelatin this paper, and the type of acid used influenced the gelatin viscoelastic and gelling properties.
Abstract: Light-colored, dry collagen was obtained and, after dissolving in warm water, turned into soluble gelatin The type of acid used influenced the gelatin viscoelastic and gelling properties Acetic- and propionic-acid extracts produced the gelatins with the highest elastic modulus, viscous modulus, melting temperature, and gel strength, especially when skins were previously treated with dilute NaOH After such treatment, lactic acid was also shown to be suitable for collagen or gelatin extraction The lowest degree of turbidity was achieved by using citric acid, whereas propionic acid led to the most turbid gelatin No improvements of rheological properties were observed when acid concentration for extraction was increased above 005 M
127 citations
TL;DR: Poly(γ-glutamic acid) (PGA) production in Bacillus subtilis IFO3335 was studied and it was found that PGA was effectively produced for the short time of 20 h after an induction period and that glutamic acid was scarcely excreted during PGA production.
Abstract: Poly(γ-glutamic acid) (PGA) production in Bacillus subtilis IFO3335 was studied. When l-glutamic acid, citric acid, and ammonium sulfate were used as carbon and nitrogen sources, a large amount of PGA without a by-product such as a polysaccharide was produced. The time courses of cell growth, PGA, glutamic acid, and citric acid concentrations during cultivation were investigated. It was found that glutamic acid added to the medium was apparently not assimilated. It can be presumed that the glutamic acid unit in PGA is mainly produced from citric acid and ammonium sulfate. The PGA productivity was investigated at various concentrations of ammonium sulfate in the media, which caused the depression of cell growth, high productivity of PGA, and the production of PGA with a high relative molecular mass. The yield of PGA determined by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) reached approximately 20 g/l. This yield was the highest value for PGA production by B. subtilis IFO3335, suggesting that B. subtilis IFO3335 was a bacterium that could produce PGA effectively. Time courses relative to the molecular mass of PGA at various concentrations of ammonium sulfate were investigated. It was suggested that B. subtilis IFO3335 excreted a PGA degradation enzyme with the progress of cultivation and that PGA was degraded by this enzyme.
127 citations
TL;DR: This study shows that the growth of Œnococcus CECT 4100 in a synthetic medium is affected by phenolic compounds in different ways, depending on their type and concentration, which could lead to a better control of malolactic fermentation and suppress the increase in volatile acidity, which is undesirable in the wine‐making process.
Abstract: This study shows that the growth of Œnococcus œni CECT 4100 in a synthetic medium is affected by phenolic compounds in different ways, depending on their type and concentration. Generally they have no effects at low concentrations, but hydroxycinnamic acids are inhibitory at high concentrations. Malolactic fermentation was stimulated in the presence of catechin and quercetin, but increasingly delayed with increasing amounts of p-coumaric acid. Gallic acid appeared to delay or inhibit the formation of acetic acid from citric acid. This could lead to a better control of malolactic fermentation and suppress the increase in volatile acidity, which is undesirable in the wine-making process.
127 citations
TL;DR: The acidity constants of citric acid and the stability constants of the citrate complexes of copper(II), iron(II, and iron(III) have been measured at 25 °C in 0.1 M KNO3 background as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: The acidity constants of citric acid and the stability constants of the citrate complexes of copper(II), iron(II), and iron(III) have been measured at 25 °C in 0.1 M KNO3 background. The measuremen...
126 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the optimal condition for leaching a mol of PbO at room temperature (20°C) was found to be: 1/3 as the starting Pb oxide/water ratio and 15min of reaction time.
126 citations