Class (philosophy)

About: Class (philosophy) is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 821 publications have been published within this topic receiving 28000 citations.

CoroNet: Deep Neural Network-Based End-to-End Training for Breast Cancer Diagnosis

Abstract: In 2020, according to the publications of both the Global Cancer Observatory (GCO) and the World Health Organization (WHO), breast cancer (BC) represents one of the highest prevalent cancers in women worldwide. Almost 47% of the world’s 100,000 people are diagnosed with breast cancer, among females. Moreover, BC prevails among 38.8% of Egyptian women having cancer. Current deep learning developments have shown the common usage of deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs) for analyzing medical images. Unlike the randomly initialized ones, pre-trained natural image database (ImageNet)-based CNN models may become successfully fine-tuned to obtain improved findings. To conduct the automatic detection of BC by the CBIS-DDSM dataset, a CNN model, namely CoroNet, is proposed. It relies on the Xception architecture, which has been pre-trained on the ImageNet dataset and has been fully trained on whole-image BC according to mammograms. The convolutional design method is used in this paper, since it performs better than the other methods. On the prepared dataset, CoroNet was trained and tested. Experiments show that in a four-class classification, it may attain an overall accuracy of 94.92% (benign mass vs. malignant mass) and (benign calcification vs. malignant calcification). CoroNet has a classification accuracy of 88.67% for the two-class cases (calcifications and masses). The paper concluded that there are promising outcomes that could be improved because more training data are available.

Automated multi-class classification of lung diseases from CXR-images using pre-trained convolutional neural networks

Abstract: According to the World Health Organization (WHO), Pneumonia, COVID-19, Tuberculosis, and Pneumothorax are the leading death causes in the world. Coughing, sneezing, fever, and shortness of breath are common symptoms. To detect them, several tests such as molecular tests (RT-PCR), antigen tests, Monteux tuberculin skin test (TST), and complete blood count (CBC) tests are needed. But these are time-consuming processes and have an error rate of 20% and a sensitivity of 80%. So, radiographic tests like computed tomography (CT) and an X-ray are used to identify lung diseases with the help of a physician. But the risk of these lung diseases’ diagnoses overlapping features in chest radiographs is a worry with chest X-ray or CT-scan images. To accurately classify one of four diseases with healthy images demands the automation of such a process. There is no method for identifying and categorizing these lung diseases. As a result, we were encouraged to use eight pre-trained convolutional neural networks (CNN) to classify various lung diseases into COVID-19, pneumonia, pneumothorax, tuberculosis, and normal images from the chest X-ray image dataset. This classification process is divided into two phases. In the training phase, the CNNs are trained with the Adam optimizer with a maximum epoch of 30 and a mini-batch size of 32. In the classification phase, these trained networks are used to classify diseases. In both phases, the dataset is color preprocessed, resized, and undergoes data augmentation. For this, we used eight pre-trained CNNs: Alexnet,Darknet-19, Darknet-53, Densenet-201, Googlenet, InceptionResnetV2, MobilenetV2, and Resnet-18. Finally, we concluded that the best one to classify these diseases. Among these networks, Densenet-201,achieved the highest accuracy of 97.2%, 94.28% of sensitivity, and 97.92% of specificity for K=5. For K=10, it achieved 97.49% of accuracy, 95.57% of sensitivity, and 97.96% of specificity and for K=15, achieved 97.01% of accuracy, 96.71% of sensitivity, and 97.17% of specificity. Hence, the proposed method outperformed the existing state-of-the-art methods. Finally, our proposed research could aid clinicians in making quick conclusions concerning lung problems so that treatment can proceed. • Efficient five-class classification of CXR-images. • Experimentation on eight pretrained networks. • Use of a larger dataset and calculation of nine different performance metrics. • Accuracy of 97.2% in detecting lung disorders. Analysis of misclassified images. • Deep learning visualization techniques to locate the useful areas in decision-making.

An Empirical Consideration of a Balanced Amalgamation of Learning Strategies in Graduate Introductory Statistics Classes.

Abstract: This study considers the effectiveness of a “balanced amalgamated” approach to teaching graduate level introductory statistics. Although some research stresses replacing traditional lectures with more active learning methods, the approach of this study is to combine effective lecturing with active learning and team projects. The results of this study indicate that such a balanced amalgamated approach to learning not only improves student cognition of course material, but student morale as well. An instructional approach that combines mini-lectures with in-class active-learning activities appears to be a better approach than traditional lecturing alone for teaching graduate-level students.

Study on Machine Learning Applications in Ideological and Political Education under the Background of Big Data

Abstract: With the development of big data and data mining technology, machine learning has been applied in many fields. However, there are a large number of difficulties for students who majored in ideological and political education. It is very necessary for those students to integrate machine learning technology into ideological and political education courses. In this paper, we introduced how to integrate machine learning into ideological and political education courses in class. Firstly, we explained what teachers should do before/in/after class for teaching machine learning courses and what students should prepare. Secondly, we took the introduction section of machine learning courses as an example to connect each content with ideological and political education and illustrate them in the way of ideological and political education. Thirdly, we took the decision tree algorithm that belongs to machine learning as an example to explore the ideological and political education philosophy in the decision tree algorithm. Finally, we make a questionnaire from the perspective of learning attitude, learning influence, and learning effect to investigate the outcomes of students with our teaching way. Our results presented valuable meaningful information for students who majored in not only computer science but also ideological and political education, thus promoting the progress of interdisciplinary and making machine learning courses understood more easily in the class of ideological and political education.