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Climate change
About: Climate change is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 99222 publications have been published within this topic receiving 3572006 citations.
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University of Oregon1, University of Bristol2, Macquarie University3, University of Wyoming4, University of the Algarve5, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne6, University of Ottawa7, University of Minnesota8, Centre national de la recherche scientifique9, University of Helsinki10, Tallinn University11, United States Geological Survey12, University of Wisconsin-Madison13, Chinese Academy of Sciences14
TL;DR: In this article, the mid-Holocene (MH, around 6 ka) and the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM, around 21 ka) were compared with palaeoclimate simulations currently being carried out as part of the fifth Assessment Report (AR5) of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change.
Abstract: Subfossil pollen and plant macrofossil data derived from 14 C-dated sediment profiles can provide quantitative information on glacial and interglacial cli- mates. The data allow climate variables related to growing- season warmth, winter cold, and plant-available moisture to be reconstructed. Continental-scale reconstructions have been made for the mid-Holocene (MH, around 6 ka) and Last Glacial Maximum (LGM, around 21 ka), allowing comparison with palaeoclimate simulations currently being carried out as part of the fifth Assessment Report (AR5) of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. The synthesis of the available MH and LGM climate recon- structions and their uncertainties, obtained using modern- analogue, regression and model-inversion techniques, is presented for four temperature variables and two moisture variables. Reconstructions of the same variables based on
554 citations
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TL;DR: This work interprets the new warming range in probabilistic terms, accounting for uncertainties in emissions, the climate sensitivity, the carbon cycle, ocean mixing, and aerosol forcing, and shows that the probabilities of warming values at both the high and low ends of the TAR range are very low.
Abstract: The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) has recently released its Third Assessment Report (TAR), in which new projections are given for global-mean warming in the absence of policies to limit climate change. The full warming range over 1990 to 2100, 1.4° to 5.8°C, is substantially higher than the range given previously in the IPCC Second Assessment Report. Here we interpret the new warming range in probabilistic terms, accounting for uncertainties in emissions, the climate sensitivity, the carbon cycle, ocean mixing, and aerosol forcing. We show that the probabilities of warming values at both the high and low ends of the TAR range are very low. In the absence of climate-mitigation policies, the 90% probability interval for 1990 to 2100 warming is 1.7° to 4.9°C.
554 citations
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors describe a record of ocean oxygenation and circulation from the Santa Barbara basin in the northeast Pacific Ocean which correlates well with the Greenland ice-core records, and they see 19 of the 20 Dansgaard-Oeschger events, in the form of laminated sediments deposited under anoxic conditions.
Abstract: THE instability of the Northern Hemisphere glacial climate over the past 100 kyr has been revealed by at least 20 brief warm (interstadial) episodes, called Dansgaard–Oeschger events, recorded in Greenland ice cores1–3 and in North Atlantic sedimentary records4,5. A few of these events have been recognized elsewhere6–8. Here we describe a record of ocean oxygenation and circulation from the Santa Barbara basin in the northeast Pacific Ocean which correlates well with the Greenland ice-core records. We see 19 of the 20 Dansgaard–Oeschger events, in the form of laminated sediments deposited under anoxic conditions, and we can correlate at least 16 of these with the 17 ice-core interstadials of the past 60 kyr. Thus, these short-term events were not restricted to the North Atlantic region. The events had substantial ecological and oceanographic effects in the Santa Barbara basin, including changes in benthic faunal populations and in the age and composition of bottom waters. Similar ventilation changes have been seen in the Gulf of California9,10, suggesting that these changes may have been widespread and synchronous along the northeast Pacific margin. These results suggest sensitivity of broad areas of the ocean–atmosphere–cryosphere system to short-term climate change.
553 citations
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present evidence that eco-driving can reduce fuel consumption by 10% on average and over time, thereby reducing CO 2 emissions from driving by an equivalent percentage, and a sophisticated, multi-dimensional campaign, going well beyond what has been attempted thus far, will be required to achieve such savings on a large scale, however, involving education, regulation, fiscal incentives, and social norm reinforcement.
552 citations
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Abstract: [1] The 2003 heat wave that affected much of Europe from June to September bears a close resemblance to what many regional climate models are projecting for summers in the latter part of the 21st century. Model results suggest that under enhanced atmospheric greenhouse-gas concentrations, summer temperatures are likely to increase by over 4°C on average, with a corresponding increase in the frequency of severe heat waves. Statistical features of the 2003 heat wave for the Swiss site of Basel are investigated and compared to both past, 20th century events and possible future extreme temperatures based on model simulations of climatic change. For many purposes, the 2003 event can be used as an analog of future summers in coming decades in climate impacts and policy studies.
552 citations