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Climate change
About: Climate change is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 99222 publications have been published within this topic receiving 3572006 citations.
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TL;DR: Ecosystem ecologists are now addressing the role of plant disease in ecosystem processes and the challenge of scaling up from individual infection probabilities to epidemics and broader impacts.
Abstract: Research in the effects of climate change on plant disease continues to be limited, but some striking progress has been made. At the genomic level, advances in technologies for the high-throughput analysis of gene expression have made it possible to begin discriminating responses to different biotic and abiotic stressors and potential trade-offs in responses. At the scale of the individual plant, enough experiments have been performed to begin synthesizing the effects of climate variables on infection rates, though pathosystemspecific characteristics make synthesis challenging. Models of plant disease have now been developed to incorporate more sophisticated climate predictions. At the population level, the adaptive potential of plant and pathogen populations may prove to be one of the most important predictors of the magnitude of climate change effects. Ecosystem ecologists are now addressing the role of plant disease in ecosystem processes and the challenge of scaling up from individual infection probabilities to epidemics and broader impacts.
847 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the same attributes that result in an insect herbivore being termed a “pest” predispose it to disruption by climate change, particularly global warming.
Abstract: Forest insects and pathogens are the most pervasive and important agents of disturbance in North American forests, affecting an area almost 50 times larger than fire and with an economic impact nearly five times as great. The same attributes that result in an insect herbivore being termed a “pest” predispose it to disruption by climate change, particularly global warming. Although many pest species have co-evolved relationships with forest hosts that may or may not be harmful over the long term, the effects on these relationships may have disastrous consequences. We consider both the data and models necessary to evaluate the impacts of climate change, as well as the assessments that have been made to date. The results indicate that all aspects of insect outbreak behavior will intensify as the climate warms. This reinforces the need for more detailed monitoring and evaluations as climatic events unfold. Luckily, we are well placed to make rapid progress, using software tools, databases, and the models that are already available.
847 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the effects of environmental problems on migration in recent decades were explored and the authors argued that people living in lesser developed countries may be more likely to leave affected areas, which may cause conflict in receiving areas.
847 citations
TL;DR: It is calculated that Earth is now absorbing 0.85 ± 0.15 watts per square meter more energy from the Sun than it is emitting to space, confirmed by precise measurements of increasing ocean heat content over the past 10 years.
Abstract: Our climate model, driven mainly by increasing human-made greenhouse gases and aerosols, among other forcings, calculates that Earth is now absorbing 0.85 ± 0.15 watts per square meter more energy from the Sun than it is emitting to space. This imbalance is confirmed by precise measurements of increasing ocean heat content over the past 10 years. Implications include (i) the expectation of additional global warming of about 0.6°C without further change of atmospheric composition; (ii) the confirmation of the climate system's lag in responding to forcings, implying the need for anticipatory actions to avoid any specified level of climate change; and (iii) the likelihood of acceleration of ice sheet disintegration and sea level rise.
843 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, an analysis of remotely sensed frontal changes and surface velocities from glaciers in the greater Himalaya between 2000 and 2008 shows large regional variability in the responses of Himalayan glaciers to climate change.
Abstract: The present state and future evolution of Himalayan glaciers has been controversial. An analysis of remotely sensed frontal changes and surface velocities from glaciers in the greater Himalaya between 2000 and 2008 shows large regional variability in the responses of Himalayan glaciers to climate change.
843 citations