Clock gating

About: Clock gating is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 7838 publications have been published within this topic receiving 107903 citations.

Oscillator with clock output inhibition control

Abstract: An oscillator with temperature compensation produces a stable clock frequency over wide variations of ambient temperature, and it includes an oscillation generator, two independent current generators, a transition detector and a clock inhibitor. The outputs of the two programmable, independent current generators are combined to provide a capacitor charging current that is independent of temperature. The oscillator is capable of three modes of operation: fast mode, slow/low power mode and sleep mode, which are controlled by the transition detector in response to external control signals. When the transition detector transitions from one mode to another, it controls the clock inhibitor to block a clock output of the oscillator generator for a predetermined number of clock cycles to allow the clock output to stabilize. The oscillator is implemented on a single, monolithic integrated circuit.

Optimal clock skew scheduling tolerant to process variations

Abstract: A methodology is presented in this paper for determining an optimal set of clock path delays for designing high performance VLSI/ULSI-based clock distribution networks. This methodology emphasizes the use of non-zero clock skew to reduce the system-wide minimum clock period. Although choosing (or scheduling) clock skew values has been previously recognized as an optimization technique for reducing the minimum clock period, difficulty in controlling the delays of the clock paths due to process parameter variations has limited its effectiveness. In this paper the minimum clock period is reduced using intentional clock skew by calculating a permissible clock skew range for each local data path while incorporating process dependent delay values of the clock signal paths. Graph-based algorithms are presented for determining the minimum clock period and for selecting a range of process tolerant clock skews for each local data path in the circuit, respectively. These algorithms have been demonstrated on the ISCAS-89 suite of circuits. Furthermore, examples of clock distribution networks with intentional clock skew are shown to tolerate worst case clock skew variations of up to 30% without causing circuit failure while increasing the system-wide maximum clock frequency by up to 20% over zero skew-based systems.

Power saving scheme for a digital wireless communications terminal

Abstract: According to the present invention, a mobile communications terminal includes a high accuracy clock for providing a timebase in a normal operating mode, a "slow clock" for providing the timebase in a low power mode of operation, and at least one processor coupled to the high accuracy clock and the "slow clock" for controlling the modes of operation. In a preferred embodiment, the mobile communications terminal includes a conversion signal processor (CSP), a digital signal processor (DSP), a communications protocol processor, and a radio frequency (RF) segment. The CSP, which includes a plurality of registers, interfaces with the DSP to execute the timing control functions for the terminal. In the normal operating mode, the timebase is maintained from the high accuracy clock. During inactive periods of terminal operation (e.g., in a paging mode), a sleep mode is enabled wherein the high accuracy clock source is disabled, the DSP, CSP, and communications protocol processor are shut down, and the "slow clock" provides the timebase for the terminal while a sleep counter is decremented for a given sleep interval. Upon expiration of the sleep interval or in response to an intervening external event (e.g., a keypad is depressed), a terminal wake-up is initiated so that the high accuracy clock resumes control of the timebase. Because the high accuracy clock and the "slow clock" are not synchronized, the CSP and DSP calibrate the "slow clock" to the high accuracy clock prior to the terminal entering the sleep mode.

Low skew differential receiver with disable feature

Abstract: A differential clock receiver for a SynchLink-type Synchronous Dynamic Random Access Memory (SLDRAM) includes a differential amplifier with a novel method for biasing its NMOS and PMOS current sources. A differential clock received and amplified by the differential amplifier switches a set of multiplexers, which respond by outputting a differential output clock. The multiplexers can be “disabled” by an inactive enable signal so they output a constant “0” level for the differential output clock. This disabling feature of the differential clock receiver is particularly useful with the intermittent data clocks found in SLDRAMs. Also, the novel biasing method for the current sources of the differential amplifier gives the clock receiver very low skew.

Dual-edge triggered storage elements and clocking strategy for low-power systems

Abstract: This paper describes the classification, detailed timing characterization, evaluation, and design of the dual-edge triggered storage elements (DETSE). The performance and power characterization of DETSE includes the effect of clocking at halved clock frequency and impact of load imposed by the storage element to the clock distribution network. The presented analysis estimates the timing penalty and power savings of a system based on DETSE, and gives design guidelines for high-performance and low-power application. In addition, the paper presents a class of dual-edge triggered flip-flops with clock load, delay, and internal power consumption comparable to the fastest single-edge triggered storage elements (SETSE). Our simulated results show that by halving the clock frequency, dual-edge clocking strategy can save about 50% of the power consumed by the clock distribution network, and relax the design of clock distribution system, while paying virtually no penalty in throughput.