Showing papers on "Closed captioning published in 1987"

Closed-captioned movie subtitle system

Abstract: An apparatus for displaying movie subtitles has a liquid crystal display capable of forming alphanumeric images in polarized light on a cross-polarized light background A decoder, a microprocessor and a driver are used to transfer coded information on standard movie film into appropriate subtitles which are then formed on the liquid crystal display A polarizing material is provided to selective viewers to enable the viewers to distinguish the alphanumeric subtitles from the liquid crystal display background This polarizing material is provided in the form of glasses which can be cross-polarized to either the alphanumeric images or to the background thereby either providing darkened letters on a light background or light letters on a darkened background The subtitle apparatus and the method for its use can be used as a closed captioning system to allow the hearing impaired to view movies in movie theaters without loss of the dialogue portion of the film Those individuals not wearing the cross-polarized glasses would not see the subtitles

Captioning Effects on Television News Learning.

Abstract: Noting that the use of captions in television newscasts has grown from simple labeling of newsmakers to more complicated titling of graphics and enumerating important points in a script, a study examined the extent to which captioning assisted viewers in learning from different types of television news stories. Subjects, 100 undergraduate journalism students, viewed news stories in a quiet classroom. They first viewed a dummy story followed by a brief distractor test meant to purge short-term memory and prevent rehearsal of story information. Subjects then viewed actual news stories of two types, concrete/picture stories and abstract/word stories, in which the caption variable was manipulated. For each news story, subjects identified whether freeze frames they were shown had appeared in the dummy story and answered multiple choice questions (testing both recall and understanding) about the content. The process was repeated until five more stories had been viewed. Results indicated that captions did improve recall for the abstract/word stories, but impeded understanding in the concrete/picture stories. Captions may have impeded understanding of the picture stories by distracting attention from the visuals. On the other hand, because word stories do not lend themselves to reinforcing visualization, cues like captions serve as reinforcements. This implies that news producers would do best to omit captions from stories with strong visual content and use caption graphics to clarify abstract, word oriented stories. (References, notes, and two tables conclude the study.) (SKC) *********************************************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. *********************************************************************** U.& DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION Office of Educational Rosearch and improvement EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) is document has been reproduced as 't h owed from the person or organization originsting it O Minor changes have been made to improve reproduction quality. Points of view or ognions stated in tins dont,. mint do not necessarily represent °Matt OERI position or policy. CAPTIONING EFFECTS ON TELEVISION NEWS LEARNING

Caption decoders: expanding options for hearing impaired children and adults.

Abstract: Thanks to the introduction of closed captioned television in March 1980, people who have hearing impairments can watch many television programs at the same time and with the same understanding as the general population Through use of a relatively inexpensive caption decoder, hearing impaired persons can read on their video screens the same verbal information that most of the population is hearing at that time, so that now—just as it has long been for normally hearing individuals—television has become accessible as a primary source of news and entertainment for those who are deaf The availability of caption decoders has also opened up other important options to hearing impaired viewers, such as text services, cable TV programs, home video movies and real-time captioned news programs

Words Spoken by Teachers to Primary-Level Classes of Deaf Children

Abstract: Current technology enables instructors to have their spoken words computer-translated into written text on a television screen. In considering the potential application of such a real-time captioning system for communication and as a model of English in classrooms for young deaf students, it is essential to first discover the words teachers in such classrooms most often use so the computer can be programmed to instantly recognize them. The authors of this study generated a list of more than 1,000 most frequently used words through classroom observation and present their findings here. The investigators believe their results have applications beyond the immediate purpose.