Showing papers on "Cloud computing published in 1976"

Cloud Motion and Rainfall Statistics

Abstract: This paper presents some of the results obtained from a new analysis of the data collected during 1968 and 1970 by EML in the Florida cumulus modification experiment (the “single cloud” experiment). The most important new element in this analysis is the stratification of the data into categories based on cloud motion. Category 1 days are those displaying significant, relatively uniform cloud motion throughout the day. Category 2 days are those displaying no such motion. First the rainfall data are analyzed without regard to motion categories, the log-normal model is introduced, and evidence for multiplicative seeding factor is adduced and its value estimated. The data are also analyzed on a pairwise basis. Next the data are stratified by motion categories and the analysis repeated with categories. It is shown that although a log-normal model can still be applied within categories, there is no basis for assuming a multiplicative seeding factor within categories. It is shown that category 1 clouds ...

A Mass Budget of an Ensemble of Transient Cumulus Clouds Determined from Direct Cloud Observations

Abstract: A parametric model of an individual transient cumulus cloud is derived which allows the incorporation of direct cloud observations. An ensemble of these transient cumulus clouds is constructed using empirical cloud population statistics. It is shown that the mass; budget (vertical mass flux, lateral detrainment and final detrainment) of this cloud ensemble can be quantitatively determined by direct cloud observations (number of clouds, cloud cover) without additional aerological information.

Cloud Pattern Classification from Visible and Infrared Data.

Abstract: : This report describes progress in the development of the area classification portion of a computer vision system for cloud pattern analysis. The ultimate goal of the vision system is to extract meteorologically significant cloud regions from a time sequence of dual-channel geosynchronous satellite images. The question explored by this paper is to what extend single-stage and multistage statistical pattern recognition techniques may be employed in the classification of clouds from a single dual-channel image. (Author)

Numerical evaluation of the description of macro-physical aspects in the model of a convective cloud (liquid stage)

Abstract: The computational procedure and numerical results of preliminary testing of the so-called individual Ma-operation, which forms a constructional element of the model of a convective cloud[1], are described. In the pattern of this model, the Ma-operation represents a separate formulation of the dynamic aspects of the development of the cloud. It is tested here for the liquid stage of the cloud at three levels below the zero isotherm. An artificially constructed set of input data is used and several simplifications of the original procedure are applied. The results of the preliminary testing have indicated that some of the simplifying assumptions used cannot be applied to a real input set in connecting up the Ma-operation to the previous Mi-operation, describing the micro-physical processes within the model proposed. The objective of future work will therefore be more accurate testing of the Ma-operation for the liquid stage with a real set of data and, eventually, its extension to cover the mixed part of the cloud.

Feasibility study of launch vehicle ground cloud neutralization

Abstract: The distribution of hydrogen chloride in the cloud was analyzed as a function of launch pad geometry and rate of rise of the vehicle during the first 24 sec of burn in order to define neutralization requirements. Delivery systems of various types were developed in order to bring the proposed chemical agents in close contact with the hydrogen chloride. Approximately one-third of the total neutralizing agent required can be delivered from a ground installed system at the launch pad; concentrated sodium carbonate solution is the preferred choice of agent for this launch pad system. Two-thirds of the neutralization requirement appears to need delivery by aircraft. Only one chemical agent (ammonia) may be reasonably considered for delivery by aircraft, because weight and bulk of all other agents are too large.

Changes in high cloud conditions

Abstract: Changes in high cloud (any cirriform or cloud layer above 20,000 ft. or 6.1 km) were analyzed by comparing data from 1966–70 to 1950–54 for eight cities in the United States. Six stations showed increases in high cloud while two had minor decreases. Areas with high‐cloud increases (comparing 1966–70 to 1950–54) have the following characteristics: increased jet traffic; strong upper air flow; and high‐cloud coverage of less than half of the sky. The largest increases in high clouds occurred in the late afternoon. Also, increases were noted when there were either no low clouds or considerable low cloudiness.

On-line computing

Abstract: Laboratory On-Line Computing: An Introduction for Engineers and Physicists. By J. E. Brignell and G. M. Rhodes. Pp. x+297. (International Textbooks: Leighton Buzzard, September 1975.) £8.75.

Review study and evaluation of possible flight experiments relating to cloud physics experiments in space

Abstract: The general objectives of the Zero-Gravity Atmospheric Cloud Physics Laboratory Program are to improve the level of knowledge in atmospheric cloud research by placing at the disposal of the terrestrial-bound atmospheric cloud physicist a laboratory that can be operated in the environment of zero-gravity or near zero-gravity. This laboratory will allow studies to be performed without mechanical, aerodynamic, electrical, or other techniques to support the object under study. The inhouse analysis of the Skylab 3 and 4 experiments in dynamics of oscillations, rotations, collisions and coalescence of water droplets under low gravity-environment is presented.