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Showing papers on "Coating published in 2019"


Journal ArticleDOI
01 Mar 2019
TL;DR: A wide variety of coating methods and materials are available for different coating applications with a common purpose of protecting a part or structure exposed to mechanical or chemical damage as mentioned in this paper, a benefit of this protective function is to decrease manufacturing cost since fabrication of new parts is not needed.
Abstract: A wide variety of coating methods and materials are available for different coating applications with a common purpose of protecting a part or structure exposed to mechanical or chemical damage. A benefit of this protective function is to decrease manufacturing cost since fabrication of new parts is not needed. Available coating materials include hard and stiff metallic alloys, ceramics, bio-glasses, polymers, and engineered plastic materials, giving designers a variety freedom of choices for durable protection. To date, numerous processes such as physical/chemical vapor deposition, micro-arc oxidation, sol–gel, thermal spraying, and electrodeposition processes have been introduced and investigated. Although each of these processes provides advantages, there are always drawbacks limiting their application. However, there are many solutions to overcome deficiencies of coating techniques by using the benefits of each process in a multi-method coating. In this article, these coating methods are categorized, and compared. By developing more advanced coating techniques and materials it is possible to enhance the qualities of protection in the future.

253 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Li et al. as discussed by the authors developed a simple solution method to obtain LiF coating on Li metal anodes, which is considered as a reliable and dense solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) film to protect the reactive anode.

227 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
Da-Wei Li1, Huiyuan Wang1, Yan Liu1, Dongsong Wei1, Zheng-Xue Zhao1 
TL;DR: In this article, a simple and inexpensive approach to fabricating a robust super-hydrophobic coating by spraying a fluorine-free suspension composed of epoxy resin (EP), polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), and modified SiO2 on various substrates was presented.

227 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Various polydopamine coating methods are described and a number of chemical derivatives of dopamine that will open further development of material-independent surface chemistry are introduced.
Abstract: ConspectusVarious methods have been developed in surface chemistry to control interface properties of a solid material. A selection rule among surface chemistries is compatibility between a surface functionalization tool and a target material. For example, alkanethiol deposition on noble metal surfaces, widely known as the formation of a self-assembled monolayer (SAM), cannot be performed on oxide material surfaces. One must choose organosilane molecules to functionalize oxide surfaces. Thus, the surface chemistry strictly depends on the properties of the surface. Polydopamine coating is now generally accepted as the first toolbox for functionalization of virtually any material surface. Layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly is a widely used method to modify properties of versatile surfaces, including organic materials, metal oxides, and noble metals, along with polydopamine coating. On flat solid substrates, the two chemistries of polydopamine coating and LbL assembly provide similar levels of surface modificatio...

226 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: By combining thick-film material systems with efficient modular designs exhibiting low-efficiency losses and employing the right printing methods, the fabrication of large-area OSCs will be successfully realized in the near future.
Abstract: The printing of large-area organic solar cells (OSCs) has become a frontier for organic electronics and is also regarded as a critical step in their industrial applications. With the rapid progress in the field of OSCs, the highest power conversion efficiency (PCE) for small-area devices is approaching 15%, whereas the PCE for large-area devices has also surpassed 10% in a single cell with an area of ≈1 cm2 . Here, the progress of this fast developing area is reviewed, mainly focusing on: 1) material requirements (materials that are able to form efficient thick active layer films for large-area printing); 2) modular designs (effective designs that can suppress electrical, geometric, optical, and additional losses, leading to a reduction in the PCE of the devices, as a consequence of substrate area expansion); and 3) printing methods (various scalable fabrication techniques that are employed for large-area fabrication, including knife coating, slot-die coating, screen printing, inkjet printing, gravure printing, flexographic printing, pad printing, and brush coating). By combining thick-film material systems with efficient modular designs exhibiting low-efficiency losses and employing the right printing methods, the fabrication of large-area OSCs will be successfully realized in the near future.

210 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
20 May 2019-Polymer
TL;DR: A polyvinyl butyral (PVB)/graphene oxide (GO) nanocomposite coating was prepared via spin coating method to improve the anticorrosion ability of aluminum alloy as discussed by the authors.

203 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors reported facile and scalable processing of silver nanowires/polyvinyl butyral (AgNWs/PVB) coatings for high performance Low-E windows.

177 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The main aspects of the use of silicon polymers for coatings are elucidated in this paper, and the advantages and disadvantages of these materials, and the processing methods developed are discussed.
Abstract: Silicon-based polymers are outstanding materials for coating applications. These compounds have excellent properties, such as strong adhesion to most substrates, and high chemical, thermal and UV resistance. Additionally, they can be converted into ceramic materials (polymer-derived ceramics) by a heat treatment and, in some cases, by chemical reactions or radiation. Hence, ceramic coatings can be obtained after deposition of the polymers by simple lacquer techniques. The properties and composition of polymeric and ceramic coatings can be changed by tailoring the chemical structure of the precursors or by the addition of fillers. This enables the preparation of coatings with a great variety of properties for different applications. In this review paper, the main aspects of the use of silicon polymers for coatings are elucidated. The advantages and disadvantages of these materials, and the processing methods developed are discussed. Finally, a summary of the applications and the prospects for future research are presented.

172 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This review provides a comprehensive overview of the theory of cell membrane coating technology, followed by a summary of the existing preparation and characterization techniques, and focuses on the functions and applications of various cell membrane types.
Abstract: Cell membrane coating technology is an approach to the biomimetic replication of cell membrane properties, and is an active area of ongoing research readily applicable to nanoscale biomedicine. Nanoparticles (NPs) coated with cell membranes offer an opportunity to unite natural cell membrane properties with those of the artificial inner core material. The coated NPs not only increase their biocompatibility but also achieve effective and extended circulation in vivo, allowing for the execution of targeted functions. Although cell membrane-coated NPs offer clear advantages, much work remains before they can be applied in clinical practice. In this review, we first provide a comprehensive overview of the theory of cell membrane coating technology, followed by a summary of the existing preparation and characterization techniques. Next, we focus on the functions and applications of various cell membrane types. In addition, we collate model drugs used in cell membrane coating technology, and review the patent applications related to this technology from the past 10 years. Finally, we survey future challenges and trends pertaining to this technology in an effort to provide a comprehensive overview of the future development of cell membrane coating technology.

165 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors describe the recent progress in passive anti-icing coating materials and methodologies and describe the role of SLIPS in anti-ice coating and their use.

160 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a superhydrophobic, self-healing anti-corrosion coating was prepared by in-situ growth of tungstate corrosion inhibitor intercalated layer double hydroxides (LDHs) conversion film on the AZ31B magnesium alloy and then post-sealing a hydrophobic polymer layer of ureido crosslinked polydimethylsiloxane (U-PDMS) with laurate modified LDHs power (La-LDH) on the surface.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The coated electrodes show an excellent capacity retention for the long-term charge/discharge cycling of NCM-811-based LIB full cells, i.e., 80% state-of-health after more than 800 cycles, and the positive influence of the tungsten oxide coating on the thermal and structural stability is demonstrated using postmortem analysis of aged electrodes.
Abstract: Ni-rich NCM-based positive electrode materials exhibit appealing properties in terms of high energy density and low cost. However, these materials suffer from different degradation effects, especially at their particle surface. Therefore, in this work, tungsten oxide is evaluated as a protective inorganic coating layer on LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 (NCM-811) positive electrode materials for lithium-ion battery (LIB) cells and investigated regarding rate capability and cycling stability under different operation conditions. Using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, the interfacial resistance of uncoated and coated NCM-811 electrodes is explored to study the impact of the coating on lithium-ion diffusion. All electrochemical investigations are carried out in LIB full cells with graphite as a negative electrode to ensure better comparability with commercial cells. The coated electrodes show an excellent capacity retention for the long-term charge/discharge cycling of NCM-811-based LIB full cells, i.e., 80% state-of-health after more than 800 cycles. Furthermore, the positive influence of the tungsten oxide coating on the thermal and structural stability is demonstrated using postmortem analysis of aged electrodes. Compared to the uncoated electrodes, the surface-modified electrodes show less degradation effects, such as particle cracking on the electrode surface and improvement of the thermal stability of NCM-811 in the presence of electrolyte.

Journal ArticleDOI
Wang Lei, Bo Wen, Bai Xiaoyu, Chao Liu, Yang Haibo 
12 Nov 2019
TL;DR: In this article, hierarchical NiCo alloy/carbon nanorod@carbon nanotube (NiCo Alloy/Carbon Nanorod/CNT) structures were prepared by a carbonization process using NiCo-MOF-74 nanorods as precursors in Ar flow, in which the aspect ratio and the coating density of the CNTs were controlled by the ratio of Ni/Co in the precursor.
Abstract: Fabricating high-performance electromagnetic absorbents with strong absorbing intensity and wide effective absorbing bandwidth at low filler loading is still a challenge. Herein, hierarchical NiCo alloy/carbon nanorod@carbon nanotube (NiCo alloy/carbon nanorod@CNT) structures were prepared by a carbonization process using NiCo-MOF-74 nanorods as precursors in Ar flow, in which the aspect ratio of the NiCo alloy/carbon nanorod and the coating density of the CNTs could be easily controlled by the ratio of Ni/Co in the precursor. When the Ni/Co molar ratio was 1:1, a dual electric network was easily formed among the NiCo alloy/carbon nanorods as well as between the intertwined coating CNTs due to the higher aspect ratio and larger coating density, which induced significant enhancement of the comprehensive microwave absorbing properties of the NiCo alloy/carbon nanorod@CNT composites. By adding only 5 wt % to paraffin, the resulting composite displayed a maximum reflection loss of −58.8 dB and a covered an ef...

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This work uses PVP as an inductive agent to controllably coat a uniform conductive PANI layer on NCM811 (NCM8 11@PANI-PVP), and offers a new modification approach to stabilize Ni-rich cathode materials for lithium-ion batteries.
Abstract: The Ni-rich LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 (NCM811) cathode has attracted great interest owing to its low cost, high capacity, and energy density. Nevertheless, rapid capacity fading is a critical problem because of direct contact of NCM811 with electrolytes and hence restrains its wide applications. To prevent the direct contact, the surface inert layer coating becomes a feasible strategy to tackle this problem. However, to achieve a homogeneous surface coating is very challenging. Considering the bonding effect between NCM811, polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), and polyaniline (PANI), in this work, we use PVP as an inductive agent to controllably coat a uniform conductive PANI layer on NCM811 (NCM811@PANI-PVP). The coated PANI layer not only serves as a rapid channel for electron conduction, but also prohibits direct contact of the electrode with the electrolyte to effectively hinder side reaction. NCM811@PANI-PVP thus exhibits excellent cyclability (88.7% after 100 cycles at 200 mA g-1) and great rate performance (152 mA h g-1 at 1000 mA g-1). In situ X-ray diffraction and in situ Raman are performed to investigate the charge-discharge mechanism and the cyclability of NCM811@PANI-PVP upon electrochemical reaction. This surfactant-modulated surface uniform coating strategy offers a new modification approach to stabilize Ni-rich cathode materials for lithium-ion batteries.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a review article is mainly focused on various techniques employed in order to process diamond-like carbon (DLC) and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) coatings as well as provide a summary of the deposition on different substrates.
Abstract: In recent years innovation in carbon based materials have encouraged both researchers as well as industrialists to develop materials/composites with improved tribological properties Researchers have been fascinated to develop diamond like carbon (DLC) or carbon nanotubes (CNTs) reinforced coatings to their good corrosion resistance, excellent wear resistance, good adhesion strength, and self -lubricious nature The present review article is mainly focused on various techniques employed in order to process DLC/CNTs coatings as well as provide a summary of DLC/CNTs deposition on different substrates The present study includes major types, properties and tribological behavior of carbon based materials and mechanisms involved in coating deposition The study also discusses that deposition of DLC/CNTs coatings on the substrate materials enhances the wear, corrosion and mechanical properties of the substrate

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: There are still challenges mainly related with the scaling up from the laboratory to the field and proper formulation, including efficient microbial combinations and coating materials that can result in extended shelf-life of both seeds and coated PBM.
Abstract: Plant beneficial microbes (PBMs), such as plant growth-promoting bacteria, rhizobia, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, and Trichoderma, can reduce the use of agrochemicals and increase plant yield, nutrition, and tolerance to biotic-abiotic stresses. Yet, large-scale applications of PBM have been hampered by the high amounts of inoculum per plant or per cultivation area needed for successful colonization and consequently the economic feasibility. Seed coating, a process that consists in covering seeds with low amounts of exogenous materials, is gaining attention as an efficient delivery system for PBM. Microbial seed coating comprises the use of a binder, in some cases a filler, mixed with inocula, and can be done using simple mixing equipment (e.g., cement mixer) or more specialized/sophisticated apparatus (e.g., fluidized bed). Binders/fillers can be used to extend microbial survival. The most reported types of seed coating are seed dressing, film coating, and pelleting. Tested in more than 50 plant species with seeds of different dimensions, forms, textures, and germination types (e.g., cereals, vegetables, fruits, pulses, and other legumes), seed coating has been studied using various species of plant growth-promoting bacteria, rhizobia, Trichoderma, and to a lesser extent mycorrhizal fungi. Most of the studies regarding PBM applied via seed coating are aimed at promoting crop growth, yield, and crop protection against pathogens. Studies have shown that coating seeds with PBM can assist crops in improving seedling establishment and germination or achieving high yields and food quality, under reduced chemical fertilization. The right combination of biological control agents applied via seed coating can be a powerful tool against a wide number of diseases and pathogens. Less frequently, studies report seed coating being used for adaptation and protection of crops under abiotic stresses. Notwithstanding the promising results, there are still challenges mainly related with the scaling up from the laboratory to the field and proper formulation, including efficient microbial combinations and coating materials that can result in extended shelf-life of both seeds and coated PBM. These limitations need to be addressed and overcome in order to allow a wider use of seed coating as a cost-effective delivery method for PBM in sustainable agricultural systems.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a review of surface-coating methods for flexible polyurethane foams (FPUFs) is presented, focusing on the recent advances in flame retardant FPUFs by employing the surface coating approaches.
Abstract: Flexible polyurethane foams (FPUFs) have been extensively used in furniture, carpet, automobiles, etc., due to their superior thermal insulation, low bulk density and superior chemical resistant properties. Unfortunately, they are extremely ignitable and flammable, and release a large amount of combustion heat accompanied by plenty of smoke and toxic gases upon ignited, thus posing a potential threat to lives and property. The minimization of their fire hazards is usually realized by the addition of flame retardants, and the creation of flame retardant coating. As compared with the former approach, the surface coating strategy has gained much more interests because it improves the flame retardancy of FPUFs without compromising mechanical properties. To date, several surface-coating approaches, including in situ deposition, sol-gel process, plasma technique and layer-by-layer (LBL) assembly have been developed for improving the fire safety performance of FPUFs. This review focuses on the recent advances in flame retarded FPUFs by employing the surface coating approaches. This work also summarizes the design of intumescent and non-intumesecent fire retardant coatings applied to the fire protection of FPUFs by depositing (nano)coatings on their surfaces. Special attention will be paid to the FPUFs treated with flame retardant nanocoating via the LBL assembly. Moreover, this work further compares the advantages and disadvantages of these surface coating methods, and finally presents some future research opportunities on flame retardant FPUFs materials.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This coating had a high surface mechanical strength and retained superhydrophobicity after blade scratch for several times or sandpaper abrasion for 20 m distance and was expected to be applied on roads, buildings, bridges, and many other concrete-based facilities in large scale for anti-icing and anti-corrosion purposes.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, solid-state cold spraying (CS) was applied for the first time to produce FeCoNiCrMn HEA coating and the experimental results confirm that CS can be used to produce a thick high entropy alloys with low porosity.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a novel high-entropy material, (Yb0.2Y 0.2Lu 0.5.2Sc 0.6.2Gd 0.4.2)2Si2O7 ((5RE0.1.2.2]2SiO7) was proposed as a promising environmental barrier coating for SiC-based composites.
Abstract: A novel high-entropy material, (Yb0.2Y0.2Lu0.2Sc0.2Gd0.2)2Si2O7 ((5RE0.2)2Si2O7) was prepared by the sol-gel method and investigated as a promising environmental barrier coating (EBC) for SiC-based composites. The results of X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy indicated that rare-earth elements were distributed homogeneously in the single monoclinic phase. Moreover, it was found that the new material (5RE0.2)2Si2O7 had good phase stability, well-matched coefficient of thermal expansion with SiC-based composite, and excellent resistance to water-vapor corrosion. The water-vapor corrosion test of (5RE0.2)2Si2O7 coated Cf/SiC composites further confirmed that (5RE0.2)2Si2O7 was suitable for application as EBC material and could provide effective protection to Cf/SiC composites from water-vapor damage.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This work designed and fabricated a kind of high-performance superhydrophobic fluorinated silica (F-SiO2)@polydimethylsiloxane coatings and further emphasized the improvement of the bonding strength with substrates and the maintenance of high anti-icing performance.
Abstract: Anti-icing/icephobic coatings, typically applied in the form of surface functional materials, are considered to be an ideal selection to solve the icing issues faced by daily life and industrial production. However, the applications of anti-icing coatings are greatly limited by the two main challenges: bonding strength with substrates and stability of the high anti-icing performance. Here, we designed and fabricated a kind of high-performance superhydrophobic fluorinated silica (F-SiO2)@polydimethylsiloxane coatings and further emphasized the improvement of the bonding strength with substrates and the maintenance of high anti-icing performance. The resultant coatings exhibited excellent water repellency with a contact angle up to 155.3° and a very short contact time (∼10.2 ms) of impact droplets. At low temperatures, the coming droplets still rapidly rebounded off the coating surface, and the superhydrophobic coatings displayed a more than 50-fold increase of freezing time comparing with bare aluminum. The ice adhesion strength on the coatings was only 26.3 kPa, which was far less than that (821.9 kPa) of bare aluminum. Furthermore, the nanoporous structures constructed by anodic oxidation could tremendously enhance the bonding strength of the coatings with the substrate, which was evaluated through a standard method (ASTM D3359). The anti-icing properties still retained high stability under the conditions of 30 icing/deicing cycles, soaking, and scouring of acid solution (pH = 5.6). This work can effectively push the anti-icing coatings toward a real-world application.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The opportunities to fully close the shrinking gap to record spin-coated solar cells and to scale these efficiencies to large areas are highlighted.
Abstract: Hybrid organic-inorganic metal halide perovskite semiconductors provide opportunities and challenges for the fabrication of low-cost thin-film photovoltaic devices. The opportunities are clear: the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of small-area perovskite photovoltaics has surpassed many established thin-film technologies. However, the large-scale solution-based deposition of perovskite layers introduces challenges. To form perovskite layers, precursor solutions are coated or printed and these must then be crystallized into the perovskite structure. The nucleation and crystal growth must be controlled during film formation and subsequent treatments in order to obtain high-quality, pin-hole-free films over large areas. A great deal of understanding regarding material engineering during the perovskite film formation process has been gained through spin-coating studies. Based on this, significant progress has been made on transferring material engineering strategies to processes capable of scale-up, such as blade coating, spray coating, inkjet printing, screen printing, relief printing, and gravure printing. Here, an overview is provided of the strategies that led to devices deposited by these scalable techniques with PCEs as high as 21%. Finally, the opportunities to fully close the shrinking gap to record spin-coated solar cells and to scale these efficiencies to large areas are highlighted.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the influence of concentrations of 8-hydroxyquinoline (8HQ) on the morphology and corrosion resistance is reported first time, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra confirm the intercalation of 8HQ.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a solid phase microextraction (SPME) device was fabricated based on TpPa-1 as an enrichment coating for capturing trace polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs).

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a new idea imitating the process of growing grass was proposed to solve the low adhesion, weak wear resistance and poor corrosion resistance of the general superhydrophobic coatings.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the phase composition of high-entropy alloy (HEA) coatings of AlCoCrFeNiTiTix was investigated using X-Ray diffraction.
Abstract: High-entropy alloy (HEA) coatings of AlCoCrFeNiTix (x = 0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1.0) were fabricated on AISI1045 steel by laser cladding. X-Ray diffraction (XRD) was used to investigate the phase composition of the coatings. The microstructure of coatings was analyzed using a scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). X-Ray diffraction (XRD) was used to investigate the phase composition of the coatings. The potentiodynamic polarization behaviour of coatings and substrate was studied. The composition of passive film on the corroded surface of the coating was identified by X-Ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The phase composition analysis showed that the coating was mainly composed of disordered body-centered cubic (BCC) solid solution phase (Fe-Cr) and ordered BCC phase (Al-Ni). The microstructure of the coatings was mainly composed of equiaxed polygonal grains, micro-nano particles of TiC and nanoparticles of Al2O3. The spinodal decomposition structure of Fe-Cr enrichment and Al-Ni-Ti enrichment was found in grains. The introduction of Ti led to passivation behavior of the coating during corrosion process. The components of the passive film were Al2O3, TiO2, Ti2O3, Cr2O3 and Cr(OH)3. The AlCoCrFeNiTi HEA coating showed the best corrosion resistance.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: ZnP coating on Zn-based biomaterial appears to be a viable approach to enhance its biocompatibility and antibacterial property as well as to control its degradation rate.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a gas-mediated solid-liquid conversion was proposed for large-area perovskite spin-coating on a large area with high boiling point, which is difficult to adopt for small areas because of the strong interaction between polar aprotic solvent and Lewis acidic PbI2.
Abstract: For scalable perovskite solar cells (PSCs), deposition of a homogeneous and high-quality perovskite film on a large area (>100 cm2) is a prerequisite. Conventional solutions for spin-coating on small areas usually contain polar aprotic solvents with high boiling point, which is difficult to adopt for large-area bar coating because of the uncontrollable and slow drying process due to the strong interaction between polar aprotic solvent and Lewis acidic PbI2 or perovskite. Thus, the precursor solution plays a vital role in the success of large-area coating. Here we report a coating solution suitable for large-area perovskite films. The coating solutions prepared via gas-mediated solid–liquid conversion contain preformed perovskite clusters as confirmed by rotational mode of methylammonium cation in the PbI3– framework from Raman spectroscopy. CH3NH3PbI3 (MAPbI3) films formed by D-bar coating within 20 s on the area over 100 cm2 exhibit tetragonal/cubic superlattice structure with highly preferred orientatio...

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is shown that biological nanofibrils (NFs) enable evaporation-induced sintering of LM droplets under ambient conditions into conductive coating on diverse substrates and free-standing films.
Abstract: Liquid metal (LM) droplets show the superiority in coalescing into integral liquid conductors applicable in flexible and deformable electronics. However, the large surface tension, oxide shells and poor compatibility with most other materials may prevent spontaneous coalescence of LM droplets and/or hybridisation into composites, unless external interventions (e.g., shear and laser) are applied. Here, we show that biological nanofibrils (NFs; including cellulose, silk fibroin and amyloid) enable evaporation-induced sintering of LM droplets under ambient conditions into conductive coating on diverse substrates and free-standing films. The resultants possess an insulating NFs-rich layer and a conductive LM-rich layer, offering flexibility, high reflectivity, stretchable conductivity, electromagnetic shielding, degradability and rapid actuating behaviours. Thus this sintering approach not only extends fundamental knowledge about sintering LM droplets, but also starts a new scenario of producing flexible coating and free-standing composites with flexibility, conductivity, sustainability and degradability, and applicable in microcircuits, wearable electronics and soft robotics. Providing mechanical sintering of liquid metal droplets under ambient conditions for flexible electronics remains elusive. Here, they propose biological nanofibrils for enabling evaporation-induced sintering of EGaIn droplets into conductive coating on diverse substrates and free-standing films.

Journal ArticleDOI
23 Jan 2019
TL;DR: A review of the existing literature of different deposition techniques used for surface modification and coating is provided in this paper, where two major areas of interest discussed are physical and chemical vapor deposition techniques, and the area of applications of surface coating was briefly highlighted in this report.
Abstract: Surface properties of the material can affect the efficiency and behavior of the material when in service. Modifying and tuning these surface properties to meet the specific demand for better performance is feasible and has been vastly employed in a different aspect of life. This can be achieved by coating the surface via deposition of the thin film. This study provides a review of the existing literature of different deposition techniques used for surface modification and coating. The two major areas of interest discussed are physical and chemical vapor deposition techniques, and the area of applications of surface coating was briefly highlighted in this report.