Topic
Cognitive decline
About: Cognitive decline is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 29308 publications have been published within this topic receiving 1174689 citations.
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TL;DR: The pattern of neuronal degeneration associated with neuritic AD pathology in both AD and PD may be an important basis of cognitive decline in both disorders.
315 citations
TL;DR: The evidence as a whole suggests that vehicular pollution, at least, contributes to cognitive impairment, adding to pressure on governments and individuals to continue to reduce air pollution.
315 citations
TL;DR: Microstructural integrity of both white matter lesions and normal-appearing white matter is associated with cognitive function, regardless of white matter atrophy and white matter lesion volume, which suggests that measuring white matter integrity has added value beyond macrostructural assessment ofwhite matter changes to study the relation between white matter and cognition.
Abstract: Context The role of macrostructural white matter changes, such as atrophy and white matter lesions, in cognitive decline is increasingly being recognized. However, in the elderly population, these macrostructural changes do not account for all variability in cognition. Measures reflecting white matter microstructural integrity may provide additional information to investigate the relation between white matter changes and cognition. Objective To study the relation between white matter integrity and cognition in the general elderly population, using diffusion tensor imaging and taking into account macrostructural white matter changes. Design Cross-sectional population-based study. Setting A general community in the Netherlands. Participants A population-based sample of 860 persons, older than 60 years, free of dementia. We performed multisequence magnetic resonance imaging, which included diffusion tensor imaging, and extensive neuropsychological testing. Fractional anisotropy, mean diffusivity, and directional diffusivities were measured globally in white matter lesions and normal-appearing white matter. Main Outcome Measures Performance on neuropsychological tests in the following cognitive domains: memory, executive function, information processing speed, global cognition, and motor speed. Results Regardless of macrostructural white matter changes, a higher mean diffusivity or higher axial and radial diffusivities within white matter lesions or normal-appearing white matter were related to worse performance on tasks assessing information processing speed and global cognition. In addition, diffusivity within white matter lesions related to memory, while in normal-appearing white matter, it furthermore related to executive function. Lower mean fractional anisotropy in white matter lesions or normal-appearing white matter related to worse information processing speed and motor speed. Conclusions Microstructural integrity of both white matter lesions and normal-appearing white matter is associated with cognitive function, regardless of white matter atrophy and white matter lesion volume. This suggests that measuring white matter integrity has added value beyond macrostructural assessment of white matter changes to study the relation between white matter and cognition.
314 citations
TL;DR: A novel monoclonal antibody, NAB61, is generated that preferentially recognizes a conformational epitope present in dimeric, small oligomeric, and higher order Aβ structures but not full-length amyloid-β precursor protein or C-terminal amyloidal precursor protein fragments.
313 citations
TL;DR: Depressive symptoms are cross-sectionally associated with cognitive impairment but not subsequent cognitive decline, and substantial cognitive decline over time cannot be explained by depression and most likely reflects incipient dementia.
Abstract: Context: Depression is associated with cognitive impairment and dementia. It is less clear whether depression contributes to further cognitive decline over time, independently of incipient dementia. Objective: To examine the relationship between depressive symptoms and subsequent cognitive decline in a cohort of nondemented older adults, some of whom remained dementia free during follow-up and others in whom incident dementia eventually developed. Design: Twelve-year prospective epidemiological study, including biennial measurement of cognition and depressive symptoms, biennial assessment of dementia, and comparison of cognitive function at baseline and over time in persons with and without baseline depressive symptoms in the dementia-free and eventual-dementia groups, using random-effects models. Setting: A largely blue-collar rural community. Participants: Population-based sample of 1265 adults 67 years and older without dementia at baseline. Main Outcome Measures: Scores over time on each of several cognitive test composites. Results: Among 1094 participants who remained dementia free, those with baseline depressive symptoms had significantly lower baseline scores on all cognitive composites than the nondepressed participants. Among the 171 individuals in whom dementia later developed, depression was associated with worse performance in some but not all baseline cognitive composites. Cognitive decline over time was minimal in the dementia-free group, whereas marked decline was seen in the eventualdementia group. Depressive symptoms were not associated with rate of cognitive decline over time in either group.
312 citations