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Cognitive decline

About: Cognitive decline is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 29308 publications have been published within this topic receiving 1174689 citations.


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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This review systematically analyzes the current literature on Alzheimer's disease and the effect of physical activity and suggests that physical activity improves cognitive function in older subjects.

290 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is concluded that meditation interventions for older adults are feasible, and preliminary evidence suggests that meditation can offset age‐related cognitive decline.
Abstract: With a rapidly aging society it becomes increasingly important to counter normal age-related decline in cognitive functioning. Growing evidence suggests that cognitive training programs may have the potential to counteract this decline. On the basis of a growing body of research that shows that meditation has positive effects on cognition in younger and middle-aged adults, meditation may be able to offset normal age-related cognitive decline or even enhance cognitive function in older adults. In this paper, we review studies investigating the effects of meditation on age-related cognitive decline. We searched the Web of Science (1900 to present), PsycINFO (1597 to present), MEDLINE (1950 to present), and CABI (1910 to present) to identify original studies investigating the effects of meditation on cognition and cognitive decline in the context of aging. Twelve studies were included in the review, six of which were randomized controlled trials. Studies involved a wide variety of meditation techniques and reported preliminary positive effects on attention, memory, executive function, processing speed, and general cognition. However, most studies had a high risk of bias and small sample sizes. Reported dropout rates were low and compliance rates high. We conclude that meditation interventions for older adults are feasible, and preliminary evidence suggests that meditation can offset age-related cognitive decline.

290 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this large longitudinal cohort, education was related to cognitive performance but unrelated to cognitive decline, supporting the hypothesis of passive cognitive reserve with aging.
Abstract: Although the relationship between education and cognitive status is well-known, evidence regarding whether education moderates the trajectory of cognitive change in late life is conflicting. Early studies suggested that higher levels of education attenuate cognitive decline. More recent studies using improved longitudinal methods have not found that education moderates decline. Fewer studies have explored whether education exerts different effects on longitudinal changes within different cognitive domains. In the present study, we analyzed data from 1014 participants in the Victoria Longitudinal Study to examine the effects of education on composite scores reflecting verbal processing speed, working memory, verbal fluency, and verbal episodic memory. Using linear growth models adjusted for age at enrollment (range, 54-95 years) and gender, we found that years of education (range, 6-20 years) was strongly related to cognitive level in all domains, particularly verbal fluency. However, education was not related to rates of change over time for any cognitive domain. Results were similar in individuals older or younger than 70 at baseline, and when education was dichotomized to reflect high or low attainment. In this large longitudinal cohort, education was related to cognitive performance but unrelated to cognitive decline, supporting the hypothesis of passive cognitive reserve with aging.

290 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This study demonstrates that LBV is characterized by a faster cognitive decline and accelerated mortality compared with AD.
Abstract: Objectives: To quantify the rate of cognitive decline on the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) in autopsy-diagnosed Lewy body variant (LBV) of Alzheimer9s disease (AD) cases. We hypothesized that LBV patients would have a faster cognitive decline and shorter survival compared with patients with pure AD. Background: Prior reports have shown extrapyramidal signs to be associated with a poorer prognosis in AD. It has been suggested that LBV is often characterized by a rapidly progressive course. Few data are available regarding the rate of cognitive decline in autopsy-confirmed LBV dementia cases. Methods: We searched the databases of the University of California-San Diego Alzheimer9s Disease Research Center and the Consortium to Establish a Registry in Alzheimer9s Disease (CERAD) for dementia cases with 1) an autopsy diagnosis of definite or probable AD (CERAD criteria) with concomitant Lewy bodies and 2) longitudinal MMSE assessments. This resulted in a series of 40 LBV cases and 148 AD cases without Lewy bodies, with comparable baseline MMSE scores, age, and education. The rate of cognitive decline was calculated as the baseline MMSE - final MMSE. Methods were devised to reduce floor effects on the MMSE. Results: The average rate of cognitive decline was -5.8 ± 4.5 points/y in LBV and -4.1 ± 3.0 points/y in AD ( t -test, p p = 0.005) than did AD patients. At baseline, the mean MMSE scores were nearly identical (18.2 in LBV; 17.8 in AD), but on follow-up examinations approximately 1, 2, and 3 years later, there were intergroup mean differences of 1.8 points (two-tailed p = 0.19), 4.2 points ( p = 0.04), and 5.6 points ( p = 0.03), respectively. The LBV cases had shorter survival time from the onset of cognitive symptoms (7.7 ± 3.0 years versus 9.3 ± 3.5 years; p = 0.007) and a shorter mean survival after entry/baseline, which was of marginal significance (3.6 versus 4.1 years; p = 0.11). Conclusions: This study demonstrates that LBV is characterized by a faster cognitive decline and accelerated mortality compared with AD.

289 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Food intakes of vitamin E, alpha-tocopherol equivalents, or individual tocopherols would protect against incident Alzheimer disease and cognitive decline over 6 y in participants of the Chicago Health and Aging Project.

289 citations


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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers in the topic in previous years
YearPapers
2023914
20221,895
20213,389
20202,982
20192,551
20182,022