Topic
Cognitive decline
About: Cognitive decline is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 29308 publications have been published within this topic receiving 1174689 citations.
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TL;DR: Molecular mechanisms that link obesity, diabetes and AD, including oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and inflammation that are observed in these disorders are discussed.
422 citations
TL;DR: Among a cohort of older adults without dementia at baseline, those who experienced acute care hospitalization and critical illness hospitalization had a greater likelihood of cognitive decline compared with those who had no hospitalization.
Abstract: Context Studies suggest that many survivors of critical illness experience long-term cognitive impairment but have not included premorbid measures of cognitive functioning and have not evaluated risk for dementia associated with critical illness. Objectives To determine whether decline in cognitive function was greater among older individuals who experienced acute care or critical illness hospitalizations relative to those not hospitalized and to determine whether the risk for incident dementia differed by these exposures. Design, Setting, and Participants Analysis of data from a prospective cohort study from 1994 through 2007 comprising 2929 individuals 65 years old and older without dementia at baseline residing in the community in the Seattle area and belonging to the Group Health Cooperative. Participants with 2 or more study visits were included, and those who had a hospitalization for a diagnosis of primary brain injury were censored at the time of hospitalization. Individuals were screened with the Cognitive Abilities Screening Instrument (CASI) (score range, 0-100) every 2 years at follow-up visits, and those with a score less than 86 underwent a clinical examination for dementia. Main Outcome Measures Score on the CASI at follow-up study visits and incident dementia diagnosed in study participants, adjusted for baseline cognitive scores, age, and other risk factors. Results During a mean (SD) follow-up of 6.1 (3.2) years, 1601 participants had no hospitalization, 1287 had 1 or more noncritical illness hospitalizations, and 41 had 1 or more critical illness hospitalizations. The CASI score was assessed more than 45 days after discharge for 94.3% of participants. Adjusted CASI scores averaged 1.01 points lower for visits following acute care illness hospitalization compared with follow-up visits not following any hospitalization (95% confidence interval [CI], −1.33 to −0.70; P Conclusions Among a cohort of older adults without dementia at baseline, those who experienced acute care hospitalization and critical illness hospitalization had a greater likelihood of cognitive decline compared with those who had no hospitalization. Noncritical illness hospitalization was significantly associated with the development of dementia.
422 citations
TL;DR: Data from both animal and human studies support mechanistic links between IH and its adverse impact at the tissue level and data from observational studies in large population groups support the role for hypoxia in the pathogenesis of OSA comorbidity.
421 citations
TL;DR: Surprisingly, both healthy and demented women with low education seem to benefit most from HRT, and the interactions of HRT with age, menopausal status and existing protective factors for cognitive decline and Alzheimer's disease are investigated.
421 citations
TL;DR: Investigation of the relationship between baseline hypertension and severity of white matter hyperintensities (WMH) in a sample of subjects aged 59 to 71 years old at entry found that subjects taking antihypertensive drugs and who have controlled blood pressure had a reduced risk of severe WMH.
Abstract: Objective: To investigate the relationship between baseline hypertension and severity of white matter hyperintensities (WMH) at 4-year follow-up in a sample of subjects aged 59 to 71 years old at entry. Methods: Subjects were participants in the Epidemiology of Vascular Ageing study, a longitudinal study on vascular aging and cognitive decline. At 4-year follow-up, 845 subjects had a cerebral MRI. MRI examinations were read by a single rater to determine the severity of WMH, ranging from absent to severe. Hypertension at each wave of the study was defined as systolic blood pressure ≥160 mm Hg, diastolic blood pressure ≥95 mm Hg, or use of antihypertensive medication. Results: Hypertension at baseline was significantly associated with an increased risk of having severe WMH at 4-year follow-up. When taking into account both blood pressure levels and antihypertensive drug intake, analysis showed that the risk of having severe WMH was significantly reduced in subjects with normal blood pressure taking antihypertensive medication compared with those with high blood pressure taking antihypertensive agents. Cross-sectional relationships between hypertension and WMH at 4-year follow-up showed that the frequency of severe WMH was significantly higher in people who were hypertensive at both baseline and 4-year follow-up than those who were hypertensive only at 4-year follow-up. Conclusions: Hypertension is a major risk factor for severe WMH. Subjects taking antihypertensive drugs and who have controlled blood pressure had a reduced risk of severe WMH. Longitudinal studies are needed to investigate whether reduction of the development of WMH, by treatment and prevention of hypertension, might reduce the subsequent risk of cognitive deterioration or stroke.
421 citations