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Collimated light

About: Collimated light is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 17272 publications have been published within this topic receiving 180982 citations.


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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The Nuclear Resonance Beamline at ESRF as discussed by the authors is dedicated to the excitation of nuclear levels by synchrotron radiation and is optimized to provide an intense, highly monochromatic, collimated and stable X-ray beam of small cross-section at the Mossbauer transition energies between 6 and 30 keV.
Abstract: The Nuclear Resonance Beamline at ESRF is dedicated to the excitation of nuclear levels by synchrotron radiation. The sources of radiation and optical elements are optimized to provide an intense, highly monochromatic, collimated and stable X-ray beam of small cross-section at the Mossbauer transition energies between 6 and 30 keV. The set-up of the beamline allows to perform studies in diffraction, small angle scattering, forward scattering and incoherent scattering. Equipment is available to maintain the sample at variable temperature and magnetic field. Fast detectors and timing electronics serve to separate the delayed nuclear scattering from the “prompt” electronic scattering and to measure the time spectra of nuclear radiation with sub-nanosecond resolution. The general lay-out and the parameters of the beamline are reported. Typical domains of applications are discussed and illustrated by first experimental results.

314 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This work has used an optical standing wave at 589 nm as an array of cylindrical lenses to focus a perpendicular sodium beam into a grating on a substrate, with a periodicity of 294.3±0.3 nm.
Abstract: We show that light can be used as a lens to focus a collimated neutral atomic beam to submicron dimensions during deposition onto a substrate. We have used an optical standing wave at 589 nm as an array of cylindrical lenses to focus a perpendicular sodium beam into a grating on a substrate, with a periodicity of 294.3\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.3 nm. This result is the first direct evidence of submicron focusing of atoms by light, and represents a fundamentally new scheme for submicron lithography.

305 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a collimated mono-energetic and mono-atomic beam incident on a target provides information on its structure and composition when the energy of the back-scattered beam atoms, or of the particles generated by nuclear reactions, is analyzed.

299 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
26 Jul 1996-Science
TL;DR: Electron acceleration and the appearance of high-frequency modulations in the transmitted light spectrum were both found to have sharp thresholds in laser power and plasma density.
Abstract: When a terawatt-peak-power laser beam is focused into a gas jet, an electron plasma wave, driven by forward Raman scattering, is observed to accelerate a naturally collimated beam of electrons to relativistic energies (up to 10 9 total electrons, with an energy distribution maximizing at 2 megaelectron volts, a transverse emittance as low as 1 millimeter-milliradian, and a field gradient of up to 2 gigaelectron volts per centimeter). Electron acceleration and the appearance of high-frequency modulations in the transmitted light spectrum were both found to have sharp thresholds in laser power and plasma density. A hole in the center of the electron beam may indicate that plasma electrons were expelled radially.

299 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The behavior of well-collimated ionized flows is studied in this article, where the derivation and calculation of the opaque spectral index, collimation distance, mass-loss rate, and radio flux for an unresolved, partially opaque, collimated thermal jet are described.
Abstract: The behavior of well-collimated ionized flows is studied. The derivation and calculation of the opaque spectral index, collimation distance, mass-loss rate, and radio flux for an unresolved, partially opaque, collimated thermal jet are described. Unresolved sources exhibit partially opaque spectra with spectral indices between 2 and -0.1. The relations for collimation distance and mass-loss rate for jets are examined as a function of observable parameters. Structure in the integrated spectra reveal spatial structure in the source. The applications of the data to isothermal, constant-velocity fully-ionized flows, a jet confined by a power-law density profile in an ambient medium, and continuum sources in NGC 7538 and L 1551 are discussed. 32 references.

297 citations


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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers in the topic in previous years
YearPapers
2023206
2022479
2021214
2020626
2019828
2018864