Topic
Collision attack
About: Collision attack is a(n) research topic. Over the lifetime, 1093 publication(s) have been published within this topic receiving 28389 citation(s).
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14 Aug 2005
TL;DR: This is the first attack on the full 80-step SHA-1 with complexity less than the 280 theoretical bound, and it is shown that collisions ofSHA-1 can be found with complexityLess than 269 hash operations.
Abstract: In this paper, we present new collision search attacks on the hash function SHA-1. We show that collisions of SHA-1 can be found with complexity less than 269 hash operations. This is the first attack on the full 80-step SHA-1 with complexity less than the 280 theoretical bound.
1,545 citations
22 May 2005
TL;DR: A new powerful attack on MD5 is presented, which unlike most differential attacks, does not use the exclusive-or as a measure of difference, but instead uses modular integer subtraction as the measure.
Abstract: MD5 is one of the most widely used cryptographic hash functions nowadays. It was designed in 1992 as an improvement of MD4, and its security was widely studied since then by several authors. The best known result so far was a semi free-start collision, in which the initial value of the hash function is replaced by a non-standard value, which is the result of the attack. In this paper we present a new powerful attack on MD5 which allows us to find collisions efficiently. We used this attack to find collisions of MD5 in about 15 minutes up to an hour computation time. The attack is a differential attack, which unlike most differential attacks, does not use the exclusive-or as a measure of difference, but instead uses modular integer subtraction as the measure. We call this kind of differential a modular differential. An application of this attack to MD4 can find a collision in less than a fraction of a second. This attack is also applicable to other hash functions, such as RIPEMD and HAVAL.
1,517 citations
01 Jul 1989
TL;DR: Apart from suggesting a generally sound design principle for hash functions, the results give a unified view of several apparently unrelated constructions of hash functions proposed earlier, and suggests changes to other proposed constructions to make a proof of security potentially easier.
Abstract: We show that if there exists a computationally collision free function f from m bits to t bits where m > t, then there exists a computationally collision free function h mapping messages of arbitrary polynomial lengths to t-bit strings.Let n be the length of the message, h can be constructed either such that it can be evaluated in time linear in n using 1 processor, or such that it takes time O(log(n)) using O(n) processors, counting evaluations of f as one step. Finally, for any constant k and large n, a speedup by a factor of k over the first construction is available using k processors.Apart from suggesting a generally sound design principle for hash functions, our results give a unified view of several apparently unrelated constructions of hash functions proposed earlier. It also suggests changes to other proposed constructions to make a proof of security potentially easier.We give three concrete examples of constructions, based on modular squaring, on Wolfram's pseudoranddom bit generator [Wo], and on the knapsack problem.
1,218 citations
09 May 1994
TL;DR: A slightly enhanced scheme is shown to have the property that the adversary can create ciphertexts only of strings for which she “knows” the corresponding plaintexts—such a scheme is not only semantically secure but also non-malleable and secure against chosen-ciphertext attack.
Abstract: Given an arbitrary k-bit to k-bit trapdoor permutation f and a hash function, we exhibit an encryption scheme for which (i) any string x of length slightly less than k bits can be encrypted as f(rx), where r x is a simple probabilistic encoding of x depending on the hash function; and (ii) the scheme can be proven semantically secure assuming the hash function is “ideal.” Moreover, a slightly enhanced scheme is shown to have the property that the adversary can create ciphertexts only of strings for which she “knows” the corresponding plaintexts—such a scheme is not only semantically secure but also non-malleable and secure against chosen-ciphertext attack.
974 citations
Proceedings Article•
01 Jan 1995
TL;DR: A slightly enhanced scheme is shown to have the property that the adversary can create ciphertexts only of strings for which the adversary knows the corresponding plaintexts, and is not only semantically secure but also non-malleable and secure against chosen-ciphertext attack.
Abstract: Given an arbitrary k-bit to k-bit trapdoor permutation f and a hash function, we exhibit an encryption scheme for which (i) any string x of length slightly less than k bits can be encrypted as f(rx), where rx is a simple probabilistic encoding of x depending on the hash function; and (ii) the scheme can be proven semantically secure assuming the hash function is “ideal.” Moreover, a slightly enhanced scheme is shown to have the property that the adversary can create ciphertexts only of strings for which she “knows” the corresponding plaintexts—such a scheme is not only semantically secure but also non-malleable and secure against chosen-ciphertext attack. Department of Computer Science & Engineering, Mail Code 0114, University of California at San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093. E-mail: mihir@cs.ucsd.edu † Department of Computer Science, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA. E-mail: rogaway@cs.ucdavis.edu
486 citations