Showing papers on "Collision avoidance published in 1970"

Collision avoidance display apparatus for maneuverable craft

Abstract: Collision avoidance display apparatus that provides indicia representative of present positions of intruding vehicles as well as predicted tracks thereof. Each track terminates in a region representative of the area to be avoided to assure passing the corresponding intruding vehicle by at least a predetermined distance. These displayed indicia provide information for assessing maneuvers to avoid collision with the intruding craft.

Proximity warning and collision avoidance systems

Abstract: This is an inflight aircraft warning system of advising a pilot of relative danger of collision with another aircraft Sensor and display means are provided for indicating the presence, direction, and the rate of closeness of an approaching aircraft

The Safe Ship Control With Minimum Risk Of Collision

Abstract: In this paper, safe ship trajectory in collision situation is presented as multistage decision-making in a fuzzy environment*. The model of process takes under consideration the Collision Avoidance Regulations, the manoeuvrability parameters of ship and the navigator's subjective assessment in making a decision. The time of taking the observation of an object and the time of collision avoidance manoeuvre are determined on the membership function of the fuzzy set of a collision risk. The algorithm has been worked out with regard to an on-line control status. A situations of a multiship encounter have also been simulated.

Collision avoidance system

Abstract: A collision warning and collision avoidance radar navigation system employs the tau collision warning criterion to derive an improved presentation on a radar plan position or other cathode ray indicator. An intruding target is labelled dangerous if the ratio of intruder closing range to his range rate is seen to be less than a predetermined value by the observation of the relative position of a synthesized bearing marker generated on the display for each target echo.

Indicator means for collision avoidance systems

Abstract: A single control panel indicator for aircraft cockpits combining collision avoidance warning means to indicate what command maneuver should be made to avoid being on a collision course with means for indicating rate of climb and maximum permissible rate of climb information from which the pilot will be advised as to how fast he can safely change his altitude during an escape maneuver and at other times and still remain on a safe course.

Collision avoidance system

Abstract: A collision warning and collision avoidance radar navigation system employs a modified tau-proximity collision warning criterion to derive an improved presentation on a storage type of radar plan position cathode ray indicator. An intruding target is labelled dangerous if the ratio of intruder closing range to his range rate is seen to be less than a predetermined value by the observation of the relative positions of synthesized radial lines or trails generated on the display for each target echo.

Radar collision avoidance indicator

Abstract: A collision warning and collision avoidance radar navigation system employs combined modified tau-proximity collision warning criteria to derive an improved presentation on a radar plan position cathode ray indicator. An intruding target is labelled dangerous if the target is below a predetermined range or if the ratio of intruder closing range to his range rate is less than a predetermined value.

Means for handling altitude information in collision avoidance systems

Abstract: An apparatus for improving the handling of altitude information in collision avoidance systems and the like including means to minimize the possibility that a command maneuver to climb or dive to avoid being on a collision course will cause the involved aircraft to fly through each others altitude, said apparatus also including means to improve the reporting of altitude information in collision avoidance systems so that actual as well as shifted altitude information will be transmitted when a maneuver is commanded to forewarn other aircraft of possible dangerous situations developing as a result of the maneuver

Performance analysis of an infrared pilot-warning indicator system

Abstract: An optical-infrared concept is described having applications to a simple, low cost pilot-warning indicator. The system required ultimately should be capable of providing the aircraft pilot with an audible warning and a visual presentation which would give both elevation and relative bearing information on other aircraft. This information would be relative to a fixed reference such as the flight path or the longitudinal axis of the aircraft. The concept investigated is not meant to compete with the automatic collision avoidance system, but should be thought of primarily as a simple and relatively cheap means of providing enhanced collision avoidance capability for general aviation aircraft. The system should be capable of multitarget detection at ranges of at least 2 to 5 miles, with an audible alarm, and should provide the pilot with the directional positions of those other aircraft. With these simplified requirements a cooperative pilot-warning indicator system is being developed, based upon the detection of infrared energy emitted by a light source placed on each aircraft. System concepts will be described, based upon the feasibility of the source-detector combinations investigated. These concepts will ultimately have to consider omnidirectional detection of aircraft equipped with xenon lights, and display concepts applicable to this approach need to be further developed.

Collision avoidance at sea with particular reference to rudder speed

Abstract: This paper deals with an analysis of collision avoidance manoeuvring, excluding control of the propeller, but taking the speed of steering gear, "rudder speed" so defined here, into account. The rudder speed has a great effect on turning delay time, and in consequence, the collision avoiding performance of small ships, whose response is not much slower than the motion of steering gears. In this paper, a ship is represented with an oval-shape whose length is L and breadth B, where L denotes ship length and B breadth. When two oval shapes contact with each other, we regard it as collision. From the statistical analysis of actual collision cases and also seamen's practice, we set up at first a model situation in which two ships are in "end on" position and catch sight of each other at a distance of the threefold length of the ship. Under these assumptions we define the the permissible maximum turning delay time to avoid collision. The turning delay is composed of two parts, one the delay of ship motion and the other the delay of steering gear. Then we can estimate the least necessary rudder speed in conjunction with ship's response time. Next step is to find the least necessary distance between two ships to avoid collision in case of "nearly end on" and "crossing", when both ships are equipped to have the least necessary rudder speed thus defined. Analyses on "nearly end on" and "crossing" conditions are performed for the following two cases: (1) the privileged (standing on) vessel continues "in extremis", tht is, the time in a risk of collision situation when any action taken by the burdened vessel alone cannot prevent collision: both ships take the action in this case.