Showing papers on "Collision avoidance system published in 2004"

A comprehensive examination of naturalistic lane-changes

Abstract: This research effort provided valuable insight into the nature and severity of lane changes in a naturalistic driving environment. Sixteen commuters who normally drove more than 25 miles (40 km) in each direction participated. The two research vehicles were a sedan and a sport utility vehicle; each participant drove each vehicle for ten days. Data gathering was automatic, and no experimenter was present in the vehicle. There were 8,667 lane changes observed over 23,949 miles of driving, making this the largest known data collection effort for the study of lane changes. Analysis of the full data set resulted in many interesting findings regarding the frequency, duration, urgency, and severity of lane changes in regard to maneuver type, direction, and other classification variables. A subset of the full data set (500 lane changes) was then analyzed in greater depth using the sensor data collected by the instrumented vehicle. The sampled lane changes were generally of the more severe and urgent types since these are the cases in which a lane change collision avoidance system (CAS) is likely to be of greatest help. Variables analyzed for the sampled lane changes included turn signal use, braking behavior, steering behavior, eye glance patterns, and forward and rearward area analysis. The concept of a safety envelope for lane changes was then developed using the forward and rearward area analyses. Finally, the data were used to provide recommendations for designers of a lane change CAS in terms of display location and activation criteria. Overall, the research described in this report provides insight into the behaviors and parameters associated with lane changes, while the naturalistic data archive has the potential to address other questions related to driving behavior.

Airborne collision avoidance system

Abstract: The paper provides an overview of the development and operational deployment of the Traffic alert Collision Avoidance system (TCAS). TCAS was one of the first software based "safety of life" systems deployed in aircraft.

Collision avoidance system

Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a collision avoidance system for preventing the collision of vehicles which can not directly perform radio communication with each other, by exchanging their vehicle information. SOLUTION: The collision avoidance system enables a user's vehicle to retransmit the temporarily received vehicle information of another vehicle together with the vehicle information of the own vehicle, and thus, for example, even when a vehicle α and a vehicle γ can not communicate with each other due to a radio disturbance such as a building at an intersection, the vehicle information can be exchanged between the vehicle α and the vehicle γ through a relay vehicle β which is able to communicate with each vehicle. It is therefore possible to exchange the vehicle information even in a location where the radio disturbance exists by using the collision avoidance system. Thus, it is possible to surely prevent the collision. COPYRIGHT: (C)2005,JPO&NCIPI

Intelligent CAN-based automotive collision avoidance warning system

Abstract: To construct a vehicle collision avoidance system, a laser radar and three ultrasonic sensors are integrated with the CAN bus to build the in-car network architecture to prevent the car on all directions There are two sub-systems developed for this collision avoidance system: (a) the front-end sub-system and (b) the side and rear-end sub-system The front-end collision warning sub-system is constructed for high-speed driving conditions by measuring the distance in the front with a laser radar Moreover, the relative speed between two cars can be properly estimated by applying the current Kalman filter Then, a D/V curve is further obtained to generate collision warning with a desirable precaution time to prevent the front-end collision actively For the collision avoidance on the side and the rear-end, the approaching speed from other cars in general is slow and available ultrasonic sensors with limited range and resolution are adopted An intelligent approach is proposed to process the rough distance readout to render warning signals with suitable timing for the approaching car drivers to prevent the collision passively A high-level network protocol CANopen is applied to integrate all ultrasonic sensors as the in-car network communication

A Collision Avoidance System for Autonomous Ship Using Fuzzy Relational Products and COLREGs

Abstract: This paper presents a collision avoidance system for autonomous ship. Unlike collision avoidance system of other unmanned vehicles, the collision avoidance system for autonomous ship aims at not only deriving a reasonable and safe path to the goal but also keeping COLREGs (International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea). The heuristic search based on the fuzzy relational products is adopted to achieve the general purpose of collision avoidance system; deriving a reasonable and safe path. The rule of “action to avoid collision” is adopted for the other necessary and sufficient condition; keeping the COLREGs.

Incursion collision avoidance system for vehicle traffic control

Abstract: A system to identify junctions of restricted areas to approaching vehicles, including at least one warning signal generator adapted to transmit the warning signal into areas traversed by the vehicles approaching the restricted areas, a receiver in each of the vehicles receiving the transmitted warning signals when the vehicle approaches one of the restricted areas, and an alarm responsive to the warning signal, which produces an alarm signal detectable by a vehicle operator.

Collision avoidance system for long vehicles that determines available space, required space and calculates a trajectory dependent on driver strategy and driving situation

Abstract: Method for operating a collision avoidance system for vehicles, especially for long vehicles uses means (21) for detecting the available driving spaces and means (22) for determining the required driving space, whereby separations between the vehicle and surrounding obstacles are calculated and whereby, dependent on different driver strategies and driving situations, different trajectories are determined. An independent claim is made for a collision avoidance system for long vehicles.

Collision avoidance system for snowmobiles

Abstract: A collision avoidance system for snowmobiles includes an array of sensors positioned on a front side of the snowmobile for detecting the presence and location of an approaching obstacle. The sensors include both heat sensors and speed sensors. A control unit is provided for processing signals received from the sensors and outputting audio signals indicative of the detected location of the approaching obstacle. A wireless transmitter transmits the audio signals to a receiver and speaker system contained in a headset or helmet. The speaker system includes left and right speakers contained in the headset or helmet which are adapted to be positioned near or within the driver's left and right ears and provide audible warnings to the driver. The control unit varies a loudness of the audible warnings in the left and right speakers to indicate a direction from which the detected obstacle is approaching.

Car navigation and collision avoidance system with fuzzy logic

Abstract: A navigation control and collision avoidance system for delivering a car to the arbitrarily positioned loading dock is designed, based on the fuzzy trajectory mapping unit (TMU). Simulated driving experiments in different environmental conditions demonstrate that the designed system shows good performance. Modular structure of the control system facilitates both efficient control knowledge acquisition (which is encapsulated in TMU) as well as further development of the control system to accomplish more demanding tasks.

Detecting driver inattention in the absence of driver monitoring sensors

Abstract: A classifier was trained to detect driver inattention using output from typical sensors available on modern vehicles equipped with a Collision Avoidance System (CAS). A driving simulator was used to collect driver and vehicle data from ten subjects during normal driving periods and during periods where drivers looked away from their forward view as they turned their head to look at a detailed image in their blindspot. This data was used to train a 2-state (attentive, inattentive) and 3-state (attentive, inattentive left, inattentive right) classifier. Monitoring of driver attention is typically performed by in-vehicle cameras or specialized sensors but we were able to use simulated CAS sensor output to detect over 80% of driver inattention time segments in the absence of driver monitoring sensors.

Warning algorithm of vehicle collision avoidance system

Abstract: A driver model based warning algorithm was developed for vehicle collision avoidance systems based on the comparison of the fixed-distance algorithm, the time-headway algorithm, and the driver-model algorithm with the analysis of braking process The warning algorithm simulates the driver's feelings and is easily implemented Its effectiveness was verified by simulations and experiments The results show that the driver-model algorithms are better than the time-headway algorithm at a velocity of 20 km/h with similar driver-model algorithms results, and that the proposed methed is the best among the time-head way algorithm and the two driver-model algorithms when the velocity reaches 30 km/h

Dealing with Uncertainty in Automotive Collision Avoidance

Abstract: Modern automobiles incorporate more and more active driver assist system that uses sensors and microprocessors to control the vehicles dynamics. This paper discus a driver assist system that performs autonomous braking when the vehicle is close to colliding. Decision making in such systems is inherently uncertain, due to the sensors’ measurement uncertainty and the uncertainty of the driver’s future actions. Furthermore computational capacity is limited by the microprocessors used in automotive applications. In this paper considerations for dealing with the uncertainty of the estimated parameters in the decision making process is discussed. Risk metrics and a computationally efficient method for decision making is proposed. It will be shown that under certain conditions the risk for a to early intervention can be kept constant for different closing velocities using the proposed method. Furthermore tracking and modelling of driver, sensors and brake system is discussed. The models of driver actions and of the radar sensor measurement error are based on measurements from a Collision Avoidance system equipped Volvo V70, provided by Volvo Car Corporation.

Vehicle longitudinal dynamic model for vehicle collision avoidance systems

Abstract: Vehicle longitudinal dynamic modeling is one of the key technologies in the vehicle control method used in vehicle collision avoidance systems. In this paper, hybrid modeling was used to combine theoretical analysis and real vehicle test data into a dynamics model. Standard vehicle component data was used to develop an accurate but simple longitudinal vehicle model. This model can analyze every vehicle driving state for a complete vehicle collision avoidance system. Simulation results agreed well with real vehicle tests.

Vehicle collision avoidance system [VCAS]

Abstract: In this paper, we present a system to analyze the lane merging dynamics of the vehicle and prevent vehicle collisions based on the multiple inputs from the sensors and actuators of the system. Sensors and actuators are used to obtain the values of the velocity, stiffness of the suspension, yaw, steering angle, roll rate and acceleration of the vehicle. All the inputs are processed in the VCAS electronic control unit (VECU). Steer-by-wire, anti-locking braking system (ABS), and adaptive cruise control (ACC) are the technologies that can utilize VCAS to generate the necessary control.

Vehicle Collision Avoidance System

Abstract: In this paper, we present a system to analyze the lane merging dynamics of the vehicle and prevent vehicles collision based on the multiple inputs from the sensors and actuator of the system. Sensors and actuators are used to obtain the values of the velocity, stiffness of the suspension, yaw, steering angle, roll rate and acceleration of the vehicle. All the inputs are processed in the VCAS Electronic Control Unit (VECU). Steer-by-wire, Antilocking Braking System (ABS), and Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC) are the technologies that can utilize VCAS to generate the necessary control.

Sonar object detection system

Abstract: An airborne sonar collision avoidance system is disclosed. The system compensates for changes in temperature in real time to provide more accurate sonar detection. In addition, the sensors are arranged in a communications network that allows for the sensors to be programmed at run time, thus providing the ability to relocate the sensors without having to pre-program the sensors before the sensors are installed onto a different location.

Test smarties : new accident prevention technology in development stage

Abstract: This article gives an over of the chief projects that are receiving a strong emphasis under the Intelligent Vehicle Initiative, a program that is targeted at high-frequency crashes. They include: 1)a forward collision warning and adaptive cruise control system that uses electronic sensors, Global Positioning System, and radar to provide audio and visual warnings on a head-up display to a driver who follows another vehicle too closely; 2) radar-based lane-change and road- departure warning technology; 3) a rollover stability advisor/controller system to aid truck drivers in avoiding rollovers; 4) a bundled safety package comprised of electronically-controlled braking, disc brakes, and a commercial rear-end collision avoidance system (CAS) for trucks; 5) collision warning systems for transit buses; 6) "intelligent intersection" technology; and, 7) radar detectors at rural unsignalized intersections.

Effectiveness Analysis for Aviation-Safety Measures in the Absence of Actual Data

Abstract: Sometimes, it seems likely that a technological advance will improve aviation safety, but it is not clear by how much. Uncertainty might be especially great when the innovation strengthens the capabilities of an existing system rather than creates entirely new capabilities. For example, newly-available “name tags” can enhance ground surveillance systems by displaying for air traffic controllers the identity of each plane on the runway. But, when two such planes are in danger of colliding, how much benefit arises because the controller knows that they are (say) United #306 and American #424?Focusing on an example about added functionality for a ground collision avoidance system, we describe a method for generating probabilistic estimates of benefits for a technology not yet deployed. The effort starts with a group activity involving technology experts and system users, in which relevant past events are studied and discussed one at a time. Then key participants are asked individually to assess the probabili...

A sense of place : gps and alaska rail safety

Abstract: The Alaska Railroad Corporation (ARRC) has implemented the first phases of a collision avoidance system (CAS) that is primarily based on real-time Global Positioning System (GPS) technology and VHF data radio communications. The objective of the system is to improve safety by preventing train-to-train collisions, protecting track maintenance forces, as well as enforcing speed limits. Additionally, the ARRC is focused on improving customer service through reduced transit time and reliable delivery under frequently adverse conditions. In the first phases, the infrastructure that was implemented established the foundation for locomotive onboard applications and dispatcher office applications. In the remaining phases, digital delivery of onboard authority, automatic enforcement of authority limits and speed restrictions, and roadway worker protection will be provided. The article discusses system control, the safety building blocks, data radio network, GPS technology, testing and heuristics, differential correction delivery, and current and future installations.

Low speed collision avoidance system for vehicle

Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a low-speed collision avoidance system and method for an automobile. The low-speed collision avoidance system includes an operation control module. The operation control module communicates with a plurality of signal generators to determine the distance to the object, the vehicle speed, the accelerator position, the brake switch position, and the gear shift position, and controls the operation of the automobile. The low speed collision avoidance system and method operates when the vehicle is traveling at a speed lower than a predetermined low speed and when the vehicle is stopped. [Selection] Figure 1

Reinforcement Learning and ART2 Neural Network Based Collision Avoidance System of Mobile Robot

Abstract: In view of the collision avoidance problem of multi-moving-obstacles in path planning of mobile robot, we present a solution based on reinforcement learning and ART2 (Adaptive Resonance Theory 2) neural network as well as the method of rule-based collision avoidance. The simulation experiment shows that the solution is of good flexibility and can solve the problem on random moving obstacles.

Collision avoidance system of vehicle

Abstract: An anticollision device of car is composed of a distance measurer, microprocessor, brake controller and contacts. Its advantages are simple structure and reasonable control to brake, throttle and clutch.

A Study on the System of Decision-making for Vehicle Collision Avoidance Based on Information Fusion

Abstract: An algorithm for knowledge acquirement of the collision avoidance system based on dynamic target tracking with the method of multisensor information fusion is presented in this paper, and predicted residual error is introduced to modify the error caused by the unpredicted information that is not represented completely by residual track error This paper also studies the representation approaches of state information during driving and establishes vehicle-surroundings state feature model to illustrate the variable and dynamic state of running vehicles Then, a pertinent information fusion method based on fuzzy integral is presented, and it can make a decision for traveling model and realize active safety

Automatic Control for Ship Collision Avoidance Support System

Abstract: The purpose of this study is to examine the algorithm of ship collision avoidance system and to improve its performance. The study on the algorithm of ship collision avoidance system have been carried out by many researchers. We can divide the study according to the adopted theory into two category such as `collision risk calculation method` and `risk area method`. It is not so difficult to find heir merit and demerit in the respective method. This study suggested newly modified model, which can overcome a limit in the two method. The suggested model is based on collision risk calculation method and suggests how to solve the threshold value problem, that is, one of the unsolved issues in collision risk calculation method. To solve that problem this study proposed new system under which the users can select appropriate threshold value according to environments such as traffic situations and weathers conditions. Simulation results of new model is schematized using `risk area method`to examine the relationships between the two method. In addition, in case of `collision risk method`, when TCPA and DCPA are used to determine collision risk, a problem happens, that is, two ships become too close in their stem area, therefore, partial function of `risk area method`is adopted to solve the problem in suggested model.

Paving the Way for Future Low-Flying Autonomous Micro Aerial Vehicles with an Unmanned Rotorcraft Demonstrator

Abstract: Micro Air Vehicles are small unmanned aircraft, that are to be operated autonomously or semiautonomously. The paper describes a unmanned aircraft research project at the DLR Institute of Flight Systems for the evaluation of intelligent systems and functions for Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) utilizing an inexpensive multi-purpose rotary wing research platform. The design of the rotorcraft UAV as well as the research agenda for the project is being introduced, providing an outlook on planned areas of small UAV related research at DLR. Sensors and software algorithms that are being tested on this research vehicle will have a significant impact on the capabilities of future miniaturized UAV systems. Exemplary are the experiments with a real-time onboard image processing system that can be used for vehicle motion tracking and obstacle detection. Imaging based methods combined with a high level mission planning architecture are going to be used for a generic collision avoidance system for UAV and MAV.

Cognitive engineering for adaptive anti-collision systems

Abstract: This paper describes a French national program called ARCOS involving 60 partners (industrials and public research centres). ARCOS aims at improving road safety on the basis of four main safety functions: (a) controlling inter-vehicle distances, (b) avoiding collision with obstacles, (c) avoiding lane departure, and (d) alerting other vehicles of accidents. The INRETS-LESCOT sub-project described in this paper is more particularly focused on collision avoidance problem. Synthetically, the idea is to develop an adaptive technology being able to assess the current driver needs in the current driving conditions. The global objective is to design and develop a diagnosis module of the driver's behaviour, in order to determine if these actions are relevant or not, by considering the current risk of collision. At last, this diagnosis will be also used to propose decision rules for managing man-machine interactions.

Research on Target Tracking and Decision-Making for Collision Avoidance in Vehicle Collision Avoidance System

Abstract: To realize target tracking and collision avoidance in the system of vehicle active safety, a hybrid information fusion structure model of vehicle collision avoidance system is presented to implement the target tracking with the method of hierarchical fusion. A new algorithm for multisensor fusion based on residual track error and predicted residual error is proposed and the realization structure for the new algorithm is also presented. Then, a transform method based on local reconstruction is presented to modify the character vector continuously and real-time, and based on it, an information fusion method based on fuzzy integral is presented to make a decision for travelling model. Lots of experiments show that the new algorithm is stable and exact.

Architectural design of integrated external speed adaptation with collision avoidance system for intelligent trucks

Abstract: In this paper, the design and development cycle for integrated systems architecture for External Speed Adaptation (ESA) and Collision Avoidance Systems (CAS) is presented. It subsequently presents a new method of modelling the integrated system architecture based on structured analysis. Moreover, a vehicle kinematics model is developed and used as the basis for designing the systems decision logic. A description of an experimental hardware and CAN software simulation show the potential of the systems integration. In the experimental system, the speed limiter (vehicle throttle control and ECU) is a mechatronic sub-system and the collision avoidance system that deactivates the acceleration of the truck and controls the speed of the truck to a preset speed limit to avoid collision. This is based on communication between a roadside sensor and the vehicle and an interface between the collision avoidance and speed adaptation systems.