Showing papers on "Collision avoidance system published in 2014"

A method of vehicle motion prediction and collision risk assessment with a simulated vehicular cyber physical system

Abstract: Vehicular cyber physical system (VCPS) can comprehensively acquire road traffic safety related information, and provide drivers with early warning or driving assistance in emergency, in order to assist them avoid vehicle crash in the driving process. Literature review shows that previous studies mainly rely on observed vehicle motion/location data for assessing vehicle collision risk, where predicted vehicle motion/location, driver behavior and road geometry (e.g., curvature) are rarely considered. In this study, based on the simulated VCPS, a collision avoidance system that can explicitly consider the above issues is designed and presented in detail. Within the proposed collision avoidance system, an assessment method, which can predict collision risk by comprehensively considering vehicles motion/location, driver behavior and road geometry information from the VCPS, is developed. Firstly, the short-term motion of the objective vehicle and surrounding vehicles are predicted based on the Kalman Filter (KF) algorithm and the vehicle motion model. Furthermore, the proposed method that can explicitly take driver behavior and road curvature into account is used to predict vehicle location and calculate the traveled distance among vehicles in real-time. Then, the predicted vehicle gaps are compared with a safe distance threshold and the vehicle collision risk is predicted. Finally, the accuracy of the proposed collision risk assessment method is examined with a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis over a section of curved road. Simulation results show that the proposed method is effective for detecting collision risk and providing accurate warnings in a timely fashion.

Rear collision avoidance system for vehicle

Abstract: A collision avoidance system of a vehicle includes a camera disposed at a vehicle and having a field of view exterior of and rearward of the vehicle. An image processor is operable to process image data captured by the camera. Responsive to image processing of captured image data, the collision avoidance system is operable to determine an approach of a vehicle rearward of the vehicle and to determine an excitation level depending on a difference between the speed of the approaching vehicle and the speed of the equipped vehicle and a distance between the approaching vehicle and the equipped vehicle. Responsive to the determined excitation level, the collision avoidance system may provide an alert to the driver of one or both vehicles, prepare for impact, control a vehicle braking system, vehicle steering system and/or vehicle acceleration system and/or communicate information to the approaching vehicle via a telematics system.

Active collision avoidance system for steering control of autonomous vehicles

Abstract: The study proposes an active collision avoidance system to allow safe lane-changing manoeuvres by self-steering vehicles in the presence of the uncertainties associated with nearby vehicles and the surrounding environment This system integrates estimation of conflict probability, model predictive control and dedicated short-range communications (DSRC) techniques to ensure a collision-free operation To accomplish this, the proposed system uses model predictive control to predict the future positions of vehicles and estimates the conflict probability so as to reduce the risk of collision The system also exploits DSRC techniques to facilitate the gathering of information from nearby vehicles so that potential conflicts can be detected at an earlier stage Autonomous vehicles can thus make adjustments based on the acquired data to avoid collisions in a real communication environment The effectiveness of the method has been verified under experimental conditions The influences of key parameters in the control method are examined

A rear-end collision avoidance system of connected vehicles

Abstract: The rear-end collision is one of the main types of accident, and it brings unnecessary casualties and property losses. Aiming at reducing the rear-end collision, some researchers focus on the front collision avoidance system. Generally, the rear-end collision avoidance system detects risk situation based on the information collected by radar or camera. When the following car is in risk of crash, the system will inform or warn the driver that the current speed is not safe, and help drivers to decelerate or brake. With the development of vehicle-to-vehicle communication (V2V), a new way to develop the rear-end collision avoidance system is put forward. By using the connected vehicles, the system can collect information and share message through the communicate equipment. In this paper, the authors introduce a collision avoidance system which is based on the vehicle-to-vehicle communication. This rear-end collision avoidance is with some driver behavior by using a car-following model based on risk perception. At last, the authors provide some experimental date about collision avoidance, and demonstrate the feasibility of this system in risk detection and crash avoidance.

Inter-vehicle collision avoidance system

Abstract: In one embodiment, a controller of a local vehicle receives data from a remote vehicle that indicates a location and direction of travel of a remote vehicle. The controller determines a roadway path of travel of the remote vehicle using map data and the data received from the remote vehicle. The controller determines a roadway path of travel of the local vehicle using the map data and data indicative of a location and direction of travel of the local vehicle. The controller also determines whether the roadway path of travel of the local vehicle and the roadway path of travel of the remote vehicle intersect. The controller further provides an alert, in response to determining that the roadway path of travel of the local vehicle and the roadway path of travel of the remote vehicle intersect.

Lateral active collision avoidance system and control method thereof

Abstract: The invention discloses a lateral active collision avoidance system and a control method thereof. The system comprises a signal acquisition system, a signal processing system, and a controller. The signal acquisition system comprises a vehicular radar set, an image acquisition system and a vehicle sensor. The input end of the signal processing system is connected with the output end of the signal acquisition system, and the signal processing system is sued for converting data acquired by the signal acquisition system into electrical signals and transmitting the data to the controller. The input end of the controller is connected with the output end of the signal processing system, and the controller is used for further processing the data acquired by the signal processing system. The lateral active collision avoidance system is capable of allowing vehicles to actively avoid collisions during running, damage caused by rear-end collisions can be reduced effectively, the damage of vehicle lateral collision upon drivers and vehicles and upon blocked vehicles and passengers can be reduced effectively, loss on economic property can be reduced effectively, a safer and more comfortable driving environment is provided for drivers, and driving safety is improved.

Collision avoidance control with steering using velocity potential field

Abstract: It is expected that a collision avoidance system based on steering control could help avoid collisions even in cases where a collision cannot be avoided by braking only. For realizing steering-based collision avoidance, accurate environmental recognition and rapid motion planning in a highly dynamic environment are needed. The velocity potential field control method, which was proposed for mobile robot motion planning, has the advantages of a very low computation cost, even in dynamic environments with moving obstacles without any deadlock. In addition, the method generates the desired velocity vector to be followed but vehicle trajectory. With this feature, avoidance velocity vector is generated in realtime even in the case that the obstacles are moving and their movements cannot be anticipated. Thus, the present study proposes a collision avoidance method with steering control by generating a trajectory for obstacle avoidance using local environmental recognition based on application of the velocity potential field approach. In addition, a parameter determination method for the velocity potential function is derived. A preview steering control method for following the derived velocity vector is proposed. The simulation results obtained using vehicle dynamics software demonstrate that the proposed method can generate appropriate obstacle avoidance trajectories, even for moving obstacles, and the derived velocity vector can be tracked by an automobile.

Vehicle control device

Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To prevent a collision avoidance system from affecting a parking operation and to improve collision avoidance performance, in a vehicle control device.SOLUTION: The present invention is based on a vehicle control device applied in a vehicle incorporating a collision avoidance system comprising: collision determination means S12, S13 for estimating and determining whether there is a possibility that the own vehicle would collide with an obstacle; and collision avoidance control means that for automatically the vehicle such that the traveling speed of the vehicle is decreased in the event that it is determined that it would collide with the obstacle. The vehicle control device comprises: parking determination means for determining whether the vehicle is in a parking operation in which the vehicle is in an advancing operation from a specific parking position; and parking alteration means S11, S14, and S17 that, if it is determined that the vehicle is in a parking operation, perform at least alteration of determination reference values Lth, Dth used for determination by collision determination means or alteration of the contents of automatic control by the collision avoidance control means.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 3

Using Wizard of Oz Technique to Evaluate Connected Vehicles: Distracted Driver Performance to Multiple Alerts in a Multiple-Conflict Scenario

Abstract: This paper presents insights gained from testing Connected-Vehicle Collision Avoidance System (CAS) applications using a Wizard-of-Oz technique. The study investigated whether CASs should present individual crash alerts in a multiple conflict scenario, or only present one alert in response to the first conflict and suppress subsequent alerts. Fifty-one participants followed a lead truck around a test-track while driving an instrumented vehicle. Once visually distracted, a trailing confederate vehicle repositioned itself into the participant vehicle’s blind spot and a cardboard box was also simultaneously dropped from the lead truck. Participants received a Forward Collision Warning (FCW) alert as the box landed on the road. Twenty six drivers swerved left in response to the box, encountering a lateral conflict with the adjacent confederate vehicle. Half of these drivers also received a Lane Change Warning (LCW) alert once they began to steer left. The FCW and LCW alerts were generated using the Wizard-of-Oz technique. It was found that drivers that received both the FCW and LCW alerts were significantly faster at steering away from the lateral crash threat than the drivers that only received the FCW alert (1.70 s vs. 2.76 s, respectively). Drivers liked receiving the LCW alert, rated it to be useful, found it easy to understand (despite being presented after the FCW alert), and did not find it to be startling. The results suggest that drivers that are familiar with CASs benefit from, and feel it is appropriate to generate, multiple alerts in a multiple conflict scenario. The results are expected to inform the design of CASs for connected vehicles. The methods devised in this study can also be used to evaluate connected vehicle and automated vehicle systems.

Usability Analysis of Collision Avoidance System in Vehicle-to-Vehicle Communication Environment

Abstract: Conventional intelligent vehicles have performance limitations owing to the short road and obstacle detection range of the installed sensors. In this study, to overcome this limitation, we tested the usability of a new conceptual autonomous emergency braking (AEB) system that employs vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communication technology in the existing AEB system. To this end, a radar sensor and a driving and communication environment constituting the AEB system were simulated; the simulation was then linked by applying vehicle dynamics and control logic. The simulation results show that the collision avoidance relaxation rate of V2V communication-based AEB system was reduced compared with that of existing vehicle-mounted-sensor-based system. Thus, a method that can lower the collision risk of the existing AEB system, which uses only a sensor cluster installed on the vehicle, is realized.

Looming Aircraft Threats: Shape-based Passive Ranging of Aircraft from Monocular Vision

Abstract: This paper proposes new techniques for aircraft shape estimation, passive ranging, and shape-adaptive hidden Markov model filtering which are suitable for a monocular vision-based non-cooperative collision avoidance system. Vision-based passive ranging is an important missing technology that could play a significant role in resolving the sense-and-avoid problem in un-manned aerial vehicles (UAVs); a barrier hindering the wider adoption of UAVs for civilian applications. The feasibility of the pro- posed shape estimation, passive ranging and shape-adaptive filtering techniques is evaluated on flight test data.

Hazard Analysis of Collision Avoidance System using STPA

Abstract: As our society becomes more and more dependent on IT systems, failures of these systems can harm more and more people and organizations both public and private. Diligently performing risk and hazard analysis helps to minimize the societal harms of IT system failures. In this paper we present experiences gained by applying the System Theoretic Process Analysis (STPA) method for hazard analysis on a forward collision avoidance system. Our main objectives are to investigate effectiveness in terms of the number and quality of identified hazards, and time efficiency in terms of required efforts of the studied method. Based on the findings of this study STPA has proved to be an effective and efficient hazard analysis method for assessing the safety of a safety-critical system and it requires a moderate level of effort. (Less)

Velocity Obstacle Method for Non-cooperative Autonomous Collision Avoidance System for UAVs

Abstract: Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) are required to have Autonomous Collision Avoidance System (ACAS) to resolve conflicts, especially when flying in the National Airspace System (NAS). This paper focused on the non-cooperative concept for avoidance, where UAVs face rogue obstacle that does not cooperatively share their flight data, nor they follows the rule of the air. UAVswill rely on its on-board sensor for avoidance, in space and time range that is limited. The limitation make the entire process of sense, detect, and avoid (SDA) mostly not applicable, and sense and avoid (SA) manner is more preferable and safe. A method called SA-VO that extend the use of the known Velocity Obstacle (VO-) method is introduce to handle the problem. The method produce more efficient avoidance in the non-cooperative space than SA manner of avoidance, without fully run the SDA process. Probability of collision map based on ranges of obstacle range of positions and velocity is predefine to replace the detection part of SDA. The method is then tested using simulations of encounters between UAV and an obstacle. The simulations show that SA-VO can be a middle ground between the SDA and SA manner of avoidance.

Collision avoidance system

Abstract: A collision avoidance system (100) comprising: a following vehicle data acquisition unit (51) that obtains following vehicle data indicating the relative position and relative speed, relative to a following vehicle (12) traveling behind a vehicle (11); a travel data acquisition unit (52) that obtains travel data indicating travel conditions for the vehicle; a specific state extraction unit (22) that, on the basis of the following vehicle data and the travel data, extracts specific travel data indicating specific travel conditions for the vehicle under which the possibility of collision between the vehicle and the following vehicle is high; a database unit (23) storing a plurality of pieces of specific travel data; a determination unit (24) that, on the basis of the travel data obtained by the travel data acquisition unit and the specific travel data stored in the database unit, determines whether or not there is the possibility of collision between the vehicle and the following vehicle; and an alarm data output unit (25) that outputs alarm data to the following vehicle if a determination has been made by the determination unit that there is the possibility of collision.

Collision Avoidance System and Collision Avoidance Method

Abstract: A collision avoidance system is provided with: a rear detection device arranged in a host vehicle and capable of detecting an object directly behind the host vehicle, an object to the rear-right of the host vehicle, and an object to the rear-left of the host vehicle in a non-contact manner. A computation processing unit outputs, on the basis of a detection result from the rear detection device, the presence/absence of the possibility of a collision between the host vehicle and: a first following vehicle approaching the host vehicle from directly behind, a second following vehicle approaching the host vehicle from the rear-right, and a third following vehicle approaching the host vehicle from the rear-left. A warning device generates warnings when there is the possibility of a collision with the first, second or third following vehicles.

Integrated navigation and collision avoidance systems

Abstract: An integrated navigation and collision avoidance system for a source object may include a navigation module and a collision avoidance module. The collision avoidance module may identify an external object that could possibly collide with the source object. The collision avoidance module may determine a likelihood of collision with the external object based on navigation information received from the navigation module. The navigation module may receive information pertaining to the likelihood of collision determination from the collision avoidance module and determine whether to include collision avoidance information and/or modify navigation instructions to generate a navigation output.

Vehicle and Pedestrian Collision Prevention System Based on Smart Video Surveillance and C2I Communication

Abstract: Hundreds of thousands of pedestrians are involved in severe traffic accidents every year world-wide. Reasons for these accidents include complex and highly dynamic traffic situations where views are obstructed or unexpected movement occurs. Driver assistance systems are a valid option for increasing pedestrian safety by enhancing the awareness of complex traffic situations and identifying potential dangers. In this work, the authors present a collision avoidance system based on smart video surveillance and car-to-infrastructure communication. They use a distributed system of monocular cameras to determine the position of both vehicles and pedestrians in real time. In addition, the authors utilize standard car-2-x communication technology (ETSI ITS G5) to provide all position detections to the vehicles, thus enabling complex use cases such as warning cascades to drivers in case of oncoming dangers. A detailed evaluation of the proposed system and collision warning use case demonstrates the suitability as assistance system for human drivers. The authors also show that automatic braking systems would lead to drastic performance improvements due to a significant reduction of reaction times.

Collision avoidance system for scissor lift

Abstract: Disclosed is a collision avoidance method, controller, and system for a scissor lift. The scissor lift includes a passenger basket, a scissor extension mechanism, and a base with wheels. The collision avoidance system includes at least one of a basket proximity sensor sub-system that has proximity sensor elements disposed on the passenger basket. The collision avoidance system also includes a basket contact sensor sub-system that has impact sensor elements disposed within padded bumpers coupled to the passenger basket and a through-beam sensor sub-system mounted to the scissor extension mechanism. Still further, the collision avoidance system includes a wheel position transducer that is coupled to at least one of the wheels of the base.

Advanced Emergency Braking Controller Design for Pedestrian Protection Oriented Automotive Collision Avoidance System

Abstract: Automotive collision avoidance system, which aims to enhance the active safety of the vehicle, has become a hot research topic in recent years. However, most of the current systems ignore the active protection of pedestrian and other vulnerable groups in the transportation system. An advanced emergency braking control system is studied by taking into account the pedestrians and the vehicles. Three typical braking scenarios are defined and the safety situations are assessed by comparing the current distance between the host vehicle and the obstacle with the critical braking distance. To reflect the nonlinear time-varying characteristics and control effect of the longitudinal dynamics, the vehicle longitudinal dynamics model is established in CarSim. Then the braking controller with the structure of upper and lower layers is designed based on sliding mode control and the single neuron PID control when confronting deceleration or emergency braking conditions. Cosimulations utilizing CarSim and Simulink are finally carried out on a CarSim intelligent vehicle model to explore the effectiveness of the proposed controller. Results display that the designed controller has a good response in preventing colliding with the front vehicle or pedestrian.

Lateral collision avoidance control system and method for a vehicle

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention provide a motor vehicle lateral collision avoidance system, the system being operable to: monitor a position of a vehicle with respect to a first lane of a road occupied by the vehicle; detect the existence of an obstacle representing a collision hazard in a second lane adjacent the first; and detect on intention of the driver of the vehicle to change from the first lane to the second lane, the system being operable to provide feedback to the driver if the system detects the existence of the collision hazard in the second lane and in addition the system detects an intention of the driver to change from the first lane to the second lane.

Optimal vehicle dynamics control and state estimation for a low cost GNSS-based collision avoidance system

Abstract: IX

Collision avoidance system and automatic braking method of electric automobile

Abstract: An electric vehicle collision avoidance system and automatic braking method comprising: an information collection module (101), used to collect, in real time, information regarding the distance between the electric vehicle and the vehicle or obstacle in front of same, and also current driving speed; an information processing module (102), used to calculate, in real time, the time required for the electric vehicle to reach the vehicle or obstacle in front of same as well as the regenerative braking safety time and mechanical braking safety time; an intelligent decision module (103), used to decide, on the basis of the time required for the electric vehicle to reach the vehicle or obstacle in front of same and also both the regenerative braking safety time and the mechanical braking safety time, whether to continue to proceed normally or to activate a regenerative braking mode or a composite braking mode involving simultaneous activation of the regenerative braking and mechanical braking modes; a regenerative braking module (104), which activates regenerative braking for the electric vehicle according to regenerative braking mode activation signals provided by the intelligent decision module; a mechanical braking module (105), which activates mechanical braking for the electric vehicle according to composite braking mode activation signals provided by the intelligent decision module.

Safety for an Autonomous Bucket Excavator During Typical Landscaping Tasks

Abstract: The Robotics Research Lab in Kaiserserlautern, Germany, pursues the goal of automating a mobile bucket excavator for excavation and loading tasks. This document contains a short introduction to the autonomous bucket excavator THOR, a concept for low-level safety using laser scanners, and a high-level collision avoidance system using behavior-based control.

Collision avoidance system

Abstract: A collision avoidance system comprises: a following vehicle data acquiring unit that acquires following vehicle data indicating the relative position and relative speed of a following vehicle traveling behind the host vehicle; a travel data acquiring unit that obtains travel data indicating travel conditions for the host vehicle; a specific state extraction unit that extracts specific travel data indicating specific travel conditions for the host vehicle under which the possibility of a collision between the host vehicle and the following vehicle is high; a database unit storing a plurality of pieces of specific travel data; a determination unit that determines whether or not there is the possibility of a collision between the host vehicle and the following vehicle; and a warning data output unit that outputs warning data to the following vehicle if the determination unit determines that there is the possibility of a collision.

Development of prediction based emergency obstacle avoidance module by using LIDAR for mobile robot

Abstract: In the real world, safe navigation is one of the primary aims of a mobile robot. For this to be effectively achieved, we must take into account both static and moving obstacles, including sidewalk curbs, ambulatory humans, and moving bicycles. To this end, we have developed a new emergency obstacle avoidance module for moving robots that uses Light Detection and Ranging (LIDAR) to detect static and moving obstacles. The module comprises a tilted LIDAR and a high speed embedded microcontroller. Tilting LIDAR enables the detection of lower sidewalk curbs, which is important for enabling safe navigation. The microcontroller is used for the estimation of obstacle motion and to facilitate rapid initiation of emergency obstacle avoidance maneuvers. By employing a fast embedded microcontroller, we can distinguish between lower-height obstacles and slopes, even on uneven surfaces, in real-time.

Collision Avoidance system in vehicular adhoc network utilizing dichotomized headway model

Abstract: In vehicular adhoc network (VANET), the collision Avoidance (CA) system is an emerging technology among scholars and vehicular industries in recent years. The wireless CA system is transfer emergency message to drivers before they reach accident zone on the highway. Use dichotomized headway model, the braking model, and greenberg's logarithmic model to make vehicular mobility traces. In this paper proposed an analytical model for warning message through Collision Avoidance system. The main concern is using minimum Roadside Units (RSUs) reduce the delay while transfering the warning message from one vehicle to another vehicle. Greenberg's logarithmic model presented vehicular mobility traces and vehicle speed density. CA system transfer periodic messages to driver frequently and our model useful for future Intelligent Transportation System (ITS).

Proximity detection system and method and collision avoidance system and method using proximity detection

Abstract: The invention relates to a complex proximity safety and warning system. The invention provides a safety system comprising a generator that generates a magnetic field that establishes a boundary, where the generator is capable of receiving radio frequency signals. Also provided is a radio frequency device that sends radio frequency signals, the radio frequency device being capable of sensing the magnetic field and generating a radio frequency response.

Automobile brake taillight automatic control system based on forward direction collision avoidance system

Abstract: The invention discloses an automobile brake taillight automatic control system based on a forward direction collision avoidance system The automobile brake taillight automatic control system comprises a forward direction driving environment sensing unit, a collision danger judgment unit and an intelligent brake taillight assembly, wherein the forward direction driving environment sensing unit consists of a senor and an information processing unit and can share forward direction driving environment information which is collected in real time with the forward direction collision avoidance system; the collision danger judgment unit adopts a collision time margin to quantitatively express a potential collision danger level and makes a corresponding early warning prompt according to the magnitude of the collision time margin; the intelligent brake taillight assembly is mounted on the tail of an automobile, is used for replacing a traditional brake taillight, and consists of a red indicator light and a yellow indicator light; the collision danger judgment unit is respectively connected with the information processing unit and the intelligent brake taillight assembly by electrical signals According to the automobile brake taillight automatic control system based on the forward direction collision avoidance system, the traditional automobile brake taillight is replaced, the risk of interlink rear-end collision accidents in the automobile following process is reduced, and a driver is assisted in realizing safe driving