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Collision avoidance system

About: Collision avoidance system is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 1788 publications have been published within this topic receiving 23667 citations.


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01 Jan 2012
TL;DR: A comprehensive review of the literature regarding driver fatigue/drowsiness warning research, the present state of research and technologies being developed, and issues related to warning/alarm design and the future trends are highlighted.
Abstract: Driving under the influence of fatigue and sleepiness is a serious safety concern. Hundreds of lives and billions of dollars are lost every year due to accidents caused by driver drowsiness. There are many aspects to the problem of a driver falling asleep while driving that include causes, detection, monitoring, warning, and countermeasures against drowsy driving. A number of crucial design issues have to be considered before the anticipated benefits of the drowsy driving warning can be fully realized. In this chapter the two major aspects, that is, warning and countermeasures, are discussed. Warningmeans to convey to the driver about his/her state of sleepiness/drowsiness so that corrective actions can be taken. There are many issues related to warning system design but the two main concerns are when and how to warn the driver, that is, alarm modality and alarm timing. Although there are no standard guidelines for selection and design of appropriate alarm modalities, at least three types of modalities (visual, audio, and haptic/tactile) and their combinations are possible for any alarm design. An important component of collision avoidance system is the algorithm that determines the timing of warning. A poorly timed alarm may actually undermine the safety of the driver. An alert issued too early may be ignored by drivers if they are unable to perceive the cause of the warning. On the other hand, if it occurs too late, it may be viewed as ineffective. An alarm that does not represent the true state of driver drowsiness, that is, the driver is not drowsy but the system issues a warning, is called false alarm. False and nuisance alarms are a particular problem for automotive collision avoidance and warning systems. A comprehensive review of the literature regarding driver fatigue/drowsiness warning research, the present state of research and technologies being developed, and issues related to warning/alarm design and the future trends are highlighted. Driver fatigue-related countermeasures are also discussed along with their merits and demerits.

6 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The CAS team has determined that future efforts will incorporate the architectural elements and development methodologies presented in this paper to expedite the deployment of GPWS/TAWS/ OAS/MCAS capability tailored to the performance of a specific aircraft.
Abstract: The US Navy's collision avoidance systems (CAS) software product consists of five different system capabilities: ground proximity warning system (GPWS), terrain awareness warning system (TAWS), obstacle avoidance system (OAS), mid-air collision avoidance system (MCAS), and auto-recovery CAS (AutoCAS). GPWS provides directive controlled fight into terrain (CFIT) protection against fight into level or descending terrain. TAWS provides directive CFIT protection against level, descending, and rising terrain. OAS provides directive protection and situational awareness, through a display, of man-made obstacles. MCAS provides passive protection and awareness of other airborne aircraft. AutoCAS provides active protection by interacting with the avionics system to take control of the aircraft to automatically avoid impact with terrain, obstacles, and/or aircraft. For each capability, the software product provides advisories or directive aural warnings and visual indications to the aircrew. The goal is to maximize protection and minimize nuisance warnings to ensure aircrew trust the system in a dynamic tactical environment [1]. Balancing protection with nuisance warnings is done by embedding an aircraft-specific performance model into the CAS software product.

6 citations

Book
17 Oct 2012
TL;DR: The first known flight tests of a global, three-dimensional, geometric collision avoidance system on an unmanned aircraft system are presented, using a miniature unmanned aircraft with an onboard autopilot.
Abstract: : A collision avoidance algorithm is developed and implemented that is applicable to different types of unmanned aerial systems ranging from a single platform with the ability to perform all collision avoidance functions independently to multiple vehicles performing functions as a cooperative group with collision avoidance commands computed at a ground station. The collision avoidance system is exercised and tested using operational hardware and platforms and is demonstrated in representative missions similar to those planned for operational systems. The results presented are the first known flight tests of a global, three-dimensional, geometric collision avoidance system on an unmanned aircraft system. Novel developments using an aggregated collision cone approach allows each unmanned aircraft to detect and avoid collisions with two or more other aircraft simultaneously. The collision avoidance system is implemented using a miniature unmanned aircraft with an onboard autopilot. Various test cases are used to demonstrate the algorithms robustness to different collision encounters. Two-ship encounters at various engagement angles are flight tested. The flight test results are compared with ideal, software-in-the-loop, and hardwarein-the-loop tests.

6 citations

Patent
24 Jan 2005
TL;DR: In this article, the authors proposed a Traffic Alert and Collision Avoidance System (TCAS) based on receiving and processing Mode-S transponder messages, without requiring for TCAS computer to interrogate Transponder of each aircraft under flight within formation (i.e., passive TCAS).
Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide control in distributed formation within multiple cells of aircraft in formation by using a Traffic Alert and Collision Avoidance System(TCAS) and a Mode-S Data Link Transponder. SOLUTION: The Traffic Alert and Collision Avoidance System (TCAS) is based on receiving and processing Mode-S transponder messages, without requiring for TCAS computer to interrogate transponder of each aircraft under flight within formation (i.e., passive TCAS). The Mode-S transponder provides a TCAS computer with ADS-B Global Positioning System(GPS) squitter data, while TCAS computer receives and processes data without the need for interrogating the transponder of multiple cells in aircraft. Thus, this system allows 2-250 aircrafts during flight in formation, to be safely separated by selectable distances. COPYRIGHT: (C)2005,JPO&NCIPI

6 citations


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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers in the topic in previous years
YearPapers
202316
202225
202156
202081
2019128
2018118