Collision avoidance system

About: Collision avoidance system is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 1788 publications have been published within this topic receiving 23667 citations.

Collision avoidance system for autonomous vehicle

Abstract: To provide a highly reliable and independent collision avoidance system capable of controlling a vehicle to avoid imminent collision.SOLUTION: A collision avoidance system 100 which is used for an autonomous vehicle 10 can continuously receive captured image frames 106 of a captured road to determine a drivable space in a front direction of the vehicle 10. The system 100 can determine whether or not individual areas of the image frames 106 represent travelable spaces for the respective image frames 106. The system 106 can perform determination this by using machine learning image recognition algorithm such as a convolutional neural network generated by using training data in a wide range. The system can label the areas of the image frames as corresponding to the travelable spaces or non-travelable spaces by using such technology.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

TCAS surveillance algorithm modifications for reduced channel utilization

Abstract: The Traffic Alert and Collision Avoidance System (TCAS) is a collision avoidance system mandated on board all large transport aircraft world-wide. The system uses beacon interrogations to determine the relative positions of nearby aircraft. TCAS shares communications channels with several other air traffic control surveillance systems such as ground-based secondary surveillance radars and Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast (ADS-B). As a result of several systems operating on the same frequencies, restrictions are imposed on TCAS to limit interference with the other surveillance systems. Potential improvements to the surveillance algorithms that limit channel interference are investigated.

Stereo Camera System for Collision Avoidance During Aircraft Surface Operations

Abstract: A collision avoidance system comprises a pair of video cameras mounted to a vertical stabilizer of the aircraft, a machine vision processing unit, and a system to inform the pilots of a potential collision. The machine vision processing unit is configured to process image data captured by the video cameras using stereoscopic and structure from motion techniques to detect an obstacle that is near or in the path of the aircraft. Estimates of the range to the object and the rate of change of that range are computed. With the range and range rate, a time to collision can be estimated toward every point of the aircraft. A pilot warning can be sounded based on the nearness of the potential collision. A method of calibrating the video cameras using existing feature points on the top of the aircraft is initiated in response to power being turned on.

Selection of operational criteria for a collision avoidance system

Abstract: In fallback situations as well as in construction sites collisions between rail vehicles are one of the major common accident causes. Common interlocking and train control systems support undisturbed operation. The GALILEO programme is Europe’s initiative to develop a civil global navigation satellite system that provides highly accurate and reliable positioning, navigation and timing services. GALILEO will provide real-time positioning services at the metre level as a result of improved orbits, better clocks, dual frequency and enhanced navigation algorithms as well as integrity information. For safety of life (SoL) applications, local elements can be integrated to provide more accurate positioning, communication and/or information services. For example, GALILEO Local Elements will be developed and adapted to meet specific requirements in rail transportation. This allows also for a modernization of automatic train control technology. This is advisable because of the still existing collisions between trains or other kinds of obstacles (construction vehicles, construction workers, pedestrians), even if comprehensive and complex technology is extensively deployed in the infrastructure which should help to avoid such collisions. Experiences from the aeronautical Traffic Alert and Collision Avoidance System (TCAS) as well as the maritime Automatic Identification System (AIS) have shown that the probability of collisions can be significantly reduced with collision avoidance support systems, which do hardly require infrastructure components. In this article an approach is proposed for a “Railway Collision Avoidance System - RCAS” consisting only of mobile ad-hoc components, i.e. without the necessity of extensions of the railway infrastructure. Each train determines its position, direction and speed using GALILEO and broadcasts this information via mobile radio, complemented with other important information such as dangerous goods classifications in the region of its current location. This information can be received and evaluated by other trains, which may – if a potential collision is detected – lead to traffic alerts and resolution advisories up to direct interventions, which is usually applying the brakes. The contribution presents a selection of the relevant scenarios for the application of RCAS. Low Traffic density lines are well suited as well as large construction sites and industrial networks. Specific application cases are shunting yards, where a very high number of moving objects are supervised.

System Capability Assessment of Cooperative Intersection Collision Avoidance System for Violations (CICAS-V)

Abstract: This report describes the system capability assessment for the Cooperative Intersection Collision Avoidance System for Violations (CICAS-V) based on data collected from objective tests and a pilot test. The CICAS-V is a vehicle-to-infrastructure system that provides visual, audio, and haptic (brake pulse) warnings when a vehicle is in danger of violating a traffic signal or stop sign at an intersection. A series of objective tests were conducted at the Virginia Tech Transportation Institute. Each test was defined by an initial geometry, a set of validity constraints [such as the sufficient Global Positioning System (GPS) accuracy], and a set of pass/fail criteria. The test series investigated the ability to appropriately warn or not warn at various speeds, in appropriately discerned lanes, under dynamic lane changes, under changing signal conditions, and in the presence of multiple equipped intersections. A pilot test was run with nearly 100 naive drivers on a two-hour prescribed course in the Blacksburg, VA area. During the pilot test, drivers were appropriately warned when in danger of violating an obscured stop sign and when intentionally distracted. An algorithm was found to produce occasional nuisance warnings and remedied. An erroneous lane location in a geographical intersection description and a de-synchronized set of roadside equipment also produced some nuisance warnings and were also remedied.