Combustion chamber

About: Combustion chamber is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 76296 publications have been published within this topic receiving 540458 citations.

Internal combustion powered tool

Abstract: An internal combustion powered tool, such as a nail or fastener driver, and a control system, spark source, and rotary valve for use in an internal combustion powered tool are disclosed. The tool may include, for example, a cylinder and a piston reciprocally moveable within the cylinder. A combustion chamber is defined at one end of the cylinder, with the piston comprising a portion of one end of the combustion chamber. The tool may have a fastener driver associated with the piston, and a magazine for feeding fasteners into registration with the driver. A fuel flow passageway extends between a fuel source and the combustion chamber, and a metering valve controls the flow of fuel to the combustion chamber. A spark source within the combustion chamber is provided for igniting the fuel, and an intake and exhaust valve that includes a pair of diametrically opposed apertures is provided. At least one fan external to the combustion chamber induces an intake of fresh air into the combustion chamber through one of the apertures and an exhaust of combustion products from the combustion chamber through the other aperture. Additional and alternative details and features are described in the disclosure.

GAS TURBINE COMBUSTION—Alternative Fuels and Emissions

Abstract: Basic Considerations Introduction Early Combustor Developments Basic Design Features Combustor Requirements Combustor Types Diffuser Primary Zone Intermediate Zone Dilution Zone Fuel Preparation Wall Cooling Combustors for Low Emissions Combustors for Small Engines Industrial Chambers Combustion Fundamentals Introduction Classification of Flames Physics or Chemistry? Flammability Limits Global Reaction-Rate Theory Laminar Premixed Flames Laminar Diffusion Flames Turbulent Premixed Flames Flame Propagation in Heterogeneous Mixtures of Fuel Drops, Fuel Vapor, and Air Droplet and Spray Evaporation Ignition Theory Spontaneous Ignition Flashback Stoichiometry Adiabatic Flame Temperature Diffusers Introduction Diffuser Geometry Flow Regimes Performance Criteria Performance Effect of Inlet Flow Conditions Design Considerations Numerical Simulations Aerodynamics Introduction Reference Quantities Pressure-Loss Parameters Relationship between Size and Pressure Loss Flow in the Annulus Flow through Liner Holes Jet Trajectories Jet Mixing Temperature Traverse Quality Dilution Zone Design Correlation of Pattern Factor Data Rig Testing for Pattern Factor Swirler Aerodynamics Axial Swirlers Radial Swirlers Flat Vanes versus Curved Vanes Combustion Performance Introduction Combustion Efficiency Reaction-Controlled Systems Mixing-Controlled Systems Evaporation-Controlled Systems Reaction- and Evaporation-Controlled Systems Flame Stabilization Bluff-Body Flameholders Mechanisms of Flame Stabilization Flame Stabilization in Combustion Chambers Ignition Assessment of Ignition Performance Spark Ignition Other Forms of Ignition Factors Influencing Ignition Performance The Ignition Process Methods of Improving Ignition Performance Fuel Injection Basic Processes in Atomization Classical Mechanism of Jet and Sheet Breakup Prompt Atomization Classical or Prompt? Drop-Size Distributions Atomizer Requirements Pressure Atomizers Rotary Atomizers Air-Assist Atomizers Airblast Atomizers Effervescent Atomizers Vaporizers Fuel Nozzle Coking Gas Injection Equations for Mean Drop Size SMD Equations for Pressure Atomizers SMD Equations for Twin-Fluid Atomizers SMD Equations for Prompt Atomization Internal Flow Characteristics Flow Number Discharge Coefficient Spray Cone Angle Radial Fuel Distribution Circumferential Fuel Distribution Combustion Noise Introduction Direct Combustion Noise Combustion Instabilities Control of Combustion Instabilities Modeling of Combustion Instabilities Heat Transfer Introduction Heat-Transfer Processes Internal Radiation External Radiation Internal Convection External Convection Calculation of Uncooled Liner Temperature Film Cooling Correlation of Film-Cooling Data Practical Applications of Transpiration Cooling Advanced Wall-Cooling Methods Augmented Cold-Side Convection Thermal Barrier Coatings Materials Liner Failure Modes Emissions Introduction Concerns Regulations Mechanisms of Pollutant Formation Pollutants Reduction in Conventional Combustors Pollutants Reduction by Control of Flame Temperature Dry Low-Oxides of Nitrogen Combustors Lean Premix Prevaporize Combustion Rich-Burn, Quick-Quench, Lean-Burn Combustor Catalytic Combustion Correlation and Modeling of Oxides of Nitrogen and Carbon Monoxide Emissions Concluding Remarks Alternative Fuels Introduction Types of Hydrocarbons Production of Liquid Fuels Fuel Properties Combustion Properties of Fuels Classification of Liquid Fuels Classification of Gaseous Fuels Alternative Fuels Synthetic Fuels Index References appear at the end of each chapter

Internal combustion engine with auxiliary combustion chamber

Abstract: An internal combustion engine with an auxiliary combustion chamber is provided with a main combustion chamber for the combustion of an air-fuel mixture, an auxiliary combustion chamber communicating with the main combustion chamber through a passage, such that the ignition of an air-fuel mixture in the auxiliary combustion chamber induces ignition and combustion of the air-fuel mixture in the main combustion chamber, and an intake valve provided in the auxiliary combustion chamber for opening and closing a passage which leads to a fuel supply means. The engine further includes an intake valve lifter having a piston member which is associated with the intake valve and a cylinder member in which such piston member moves, a fluid pressure supply device driven in synchronism with the rotation of the engine to supply a fluid pressure, and a fluid pressure supply passage for feeding the fluid pressure which is supplied by the fluid pressure supply device to the intake valve lifter. Accordingly, the control of the opening and closing operations of the intake valve of the auxiliary combustion chamber can be performed in accordance with any driving conditions by feeding the fluid pressure supplied by the fluid pressure supply device to the intake valve lifter through the fluid pressure supply passage and moving the piston member in synchronism with the rotation of the internal combustion engine.