Combustion

About: Combustion is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 172336 publications have been published within this topic receiving 1950787 citations. The topic is also known as: burning & combusting.

High efficiency frying apparatus with supercharged burner system

Abstract: A cooking apparatus having a frypot or assembly for heating a quantity of cooking oil including well center section arranged to have enclosed burner assemblies disposed on each side of the center section and forming combustion chambers for the combustion of a fuel-air mixture introduced into combustion chambers under a forced air flow system. The combustion chambers are charged with a forced flow of a fuel-air mixture under positive pressure by a blower assembly mounted on a manifold on the front of the frypot assembly. The manifold includes respective air flow control valve gates which may be selectively adjusted to balance the charging air flow to the respective burner assemblies. The frypot has opposed sidewalls and a rear wall which form parts of respective flow passages for combustion gases leaving the combustion chambers. The frypot sidewalls and rear endwall are provided with an array of flow guiding and heat exchange vanes or fins which channel at least some of the combustion gases in a multiple pass over the exterior surfaces of the frypot. The burner assemblies each include a pan shaped housing in which is disposed distributor plate for distributing a flow of a fuel-air mixture to a foraminous ceramic burner plate. Single dual cooking oil chamber frypots are provided with the heat exchanger configuration.

Experimental Study on the Combustion Characteristics of Primary Lithium Batteries Fire

Abstract: The use of lithium batteries requires understanding their fire and explosion hazards. In this paper, a report is given on an experimental study of the combustion characteristics of primary lithium batteries. Burning tests of single and bundles of primary lithium batteries were conducted in a calorimeter to measure their heat release rates when exposed to an irradiance of 20 kW m−2. Several variables including time to ignition, mass loss, heat release rate and plume temperature were measured to evaluate the ignition and combustion characteristics. The burning batteries were observed to have flame temperatures in excess of 1,200°C and to release corrosive compounds. The experimental results show that the combustion efficiency, carbon dioxide yield and mass loss are proportional to the number of batteries in the bundle. The total heat released by battery bundles was deduced empirically to be proportional to the number of batteries with a power of 1.26. The results provide experimental basis for the development of fire protection measures during the use, storage and distribution of primary lithium batteries.

Loss on ignition: Measuring soil organic carbon in soils of the Sahel, West Africa

Abstract: Traditional methods of measuring soil organic carbon (SOC) are not adequate for accurate evaluation of C sequestration nor to meet environmental safety requirements. Methods that permit accurate assessment of SOC, which are environmentally healthy, and yet feasible for use in developing countries are needed. Initial and ignition temperatures were adjusted so that loss on ignition (LOI) measures of SOC matched measurements by combustion methods. A comparison of combustion, LOI, and Walkley-Black methods was carried out with soils of Mali, West Africa, ranging from 2 - 25 g kg-1 SOC. The LOI method, when using initial (preparation) temperatures of 105°C and ignition temperatures of 350°C, related closely with combustion measures (Adj. R2 of 0.89). The SOC measurements by combustion, however, differed from those of Walkley-Black procedure. The LOI calibration equation was %C (combustion) = 0.03 + 0.36 x %weight loss by LOI, adj. R2=0.89. The Mali calibration of LOI with combustion SOC was tested on soils of Gambia, however, a systematic over-prediction suggested that re-calibration may be needed to ensure LOI method accuracy with soils different from the calibration set. This need for re-calibration is similar to the Type 2 error, where the sample belongs to a different calibration set. Key words: Loss on ignition, Sahel, Mali, Africa, carbon sequestration, combustion, Walkley and Black.