Topic
Communications protocol
About: Communications protocol is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 19148 publications have been published within this topic receiving 349625 citations.
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TL;DR: Existing solutions and open research issues at the application, transport, network, link, and physical layers of the communication protocol stack are investigated, along with possible cross-layer synergies and optimizations.
2,311 citations
28 Jul 2014
TL;DR: This paper proposes P4 as a strawman proposal for how OpenFlow should evolve in the future, and describes how to use P4 to configure a switch to add a new hierarchical label.
Abstract: P4 is a high-level language for programming protocol-independent packet processors. P4 works in conjunction with SDN control protocols like OpenFlow. In its current form, OpenFlow explicitly specifies protocol headers on which it operates. This set has grown from 12 to 41 fields in a few years, increasing the complexity of the specification while still not providing the flexibility to add new headers. In this paper we propose P4 as a strawman proposal for how OpenFlow should evolve in the future. We have three goals: (1) Reconfigurability in the field: Programmers should be able to change the way switches process packets once they are deployed. (2) Protocol independence: Switches should not be tied to any specific network protocols. (3) Target independence: Programmers should be able to describe packet-processing functionality independently of the specifics of the underlying hardware. As an example, we describe how to use P4 to configure a switch to add a new hierarchical label.
2,214 citations
04 May 1997
TL;DR: A family of caching protocols for distrib-uted networks that can be used to decrease or eliminate the occurrence of hot spots in the network, based on a special kind of hashing that is called consistent hashing.
Abstract: We describe a family of caching protocols for distrib-uted networks that can be used to decrease or eliminate the occurrence of hot spots in the network. Our protocols are particularly designed for use with very large networks such as the Internet, where delays caused by hot spots can be severe, and where it is not feasible for every server to have complete information about the current state of the entire network. The protocols are easy to implement using existing network protocols such as TCP/IP, and require very little overhead. The protocols work with local control, make efficient use of existing resources, and scale gracefully as the network grows. Our caching protocols are based on a special kind of hashing that we call consistent hashing. Roughly speaking, a consistent hash function is one which changes minimally as the range of the function changes. Through the development of good consistent hash functions, we are able to develop caching protocols which do not require users to have a current or even consistent view of the network. We believe that consistent hash functions may eventually prove to be useful in other applications such as distributed name servers and/or quorum systems.
2,179 citations
Book•
27 May 2005
TL;DR: This book discusses the design principles for wireless sensor networks, and the many faces of forwarding and routing, and some of the approaches to combining hierarchical topologies and power control used in these networks.
Abstract: Preface. List of Abbreviations. A guide to the book. 1. Introduction. 1.1 The vision of Ambient Intelligence. 1.2 Application examples. 1.3 Types of applications. 1.4 Challenges for WSNs. 1.5 Why are sensor networks different? 1.6 Enabling technologies. PART I: ARCHITECTURES. 2. Single node architecture. 2.1 Hardware components. 2.2 Energy consumption of sensor nodes. 2.3 Operating systems and execution environments. 2.4 Some examples of sensor nodes. 2.5 Conclusion. 3. Network architecture. 3.1 Sensor network scenarios. 3.2 Optimization goals & figures of merit. 3.3 Design principles for WSNs. 3.4 Service interfaces of WSNs. 3.5 Gateway concepts. 3.6 Conclusion. PART II: COMMUNICATION PROTOCOLS. 4. Physical Layer. 4.1 Introduction. 4.2 Wireless channel and communication fundamentals. 4.3 Physical layer & transceiver design considerations in WSNs. 4.4 Further reading. 5. MAC Protocols 133 5.1 Fundamentals of (wireless) MAC protocols. 5.2 Low duty cycle protocols and wakeup concepts. 5.3 Contention-based protocols. 5.4 Schedule-based protocols. 5.5 The IEEE 802.15.4 MAC protocol. 5.6 How about IEEE 802.11 and Bluetooth? 5.7 Further reading. 5.8 Conclusion. 6. Link Layer Protocols. 6.1 Fundamentals: Tasks and requirements. 6.2 Error control. 6.3 Framing. 6.4 Link management. 6.5 Summary. 7. Naming and Addressing. 7.1 Fundamentals. 7.2 Address and name management in wireless sensor networks. 7.3 Assignment of MAC addresses. 7.4 Distributed assignment of locally unique addresses. 7.5 Content-based and geographic addressing. 7.6 Summary. 8. Time Synchronization. 8.1 Introduction to the time synchronization problem. 8.2 Protocols based on sender/receiver synchronization. 8.3 Protocols based on receiver/receiver synchronization. 8.4 Further reading. 9. Localization and Positioning. 9.1 Properties of positioning. 9.2 Possible approaches. 9.3 Mathematical basics for the lateration problem. 9.4 Single-hop localization. 9.5 Positioning in multi-hop environments. 9.6 Impact of anchor placement. 9.7 Further reading. 9.8 Conclusion. 10. Topology control 295 10.1 Motivation and basic ideas. 10.2 Flat network topologies. 10.3 Hierarchical networks by dominating sets. 10.4 Hierarchical networks by clustering. 10.5 Combining hierarchical topologies and power control. 10.6 Adaptive node activity. 10.7 Conclusions. 11. Routing protocols. 11.1 The many faces of forwarding and routing. 11.2 Gossiping and agent-based unicast forwarding. 11.3 Energy-efficient unicast. 11.4 Broadcast and multicast. 11.5 Geographic routing. 11.6 Mobile nodes. 11.7 Conclusions. 12. Data-centric and content-based networking 395. 12.1 Introduction. 12.2 Data-centric routing. 12.3 Data aggregation. 12.4 Data-centric storage. 12.5 Conclusions. 13. Transport Layer and Quality of Service. 13.1 The transport layer and QoS in wireless sensor networks. 13.2 Coverage and deployment. 13.3 Reliable data transport. 13.5 Block delivery. 13.6 Congestion control and rate control. 14. Advanced application support. 14.1 Advanced in-network processing. 14.2 Security. 14.3 Application-specific support. Bibliography. Index.
1,894 citations
TL;DR: This article presents a suite of techniques that perform aggressive energy optimization while targeting all stages of sensor network design, from individual nodes to the entire network.
Abstract: This article describes architectural and algorithmic approaches that designers can use to enhance the energy awareness of wireless sensor networks. The article starts off with an analysis of the power consumption characteristics of typical sensor node architectures and identifies the various factors that affect system lifetime. We then present a suite of techniques that perform aggressive energy optimization while targeting all stages of sensor network design, from individual nodes to the entire network. Maximizing network lifetime requires the use of a well-structured design methodology, which enables energy-aware design and operation of all aspects of the sensor network, from the underlying hardware platform to the application software and network protocols. Adopting such a holistic approach ensures that energy awareness is incorporated not only into individual sensor nodes but also into groups of communicating nodes and the entire sensor network. By following an energy-aware design methodology based on techniques such as in this article, designers can enhance network lifetime by orders of magnitude.
1,820 citations