Complementary DNA

About: Complementary DNA is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 55301 publications have been published within this topic receiving 2752650 citations. The topic is also known as: cDNA & DNA, Complementary.

Human APOBEC3F Is Another Host Factor That Blocks Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Replication

Abstract: Recently, APOBEC3G has been identified as a host factor that blocks retroviral replication. It introduces G to A hypermutations in newly synthesized minus strand viral cDNA at the step of reverse transcription in target cells. Here, we identified the human APOBEC3F protein as another host factor that blocks human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) replication. Similar to APOBEC3G, APOBEC3F also induced G to A hypermutations in HIV genomic DNA, and the viral Vif protein counteracted its activity. Thus, APOBEC family members might have evolved as a general defense mechanism of the body against retroviruses, retrotransposons, and other mobile genetic elements.

Expression of the mouse anti-müllerian hormone gene suggests a role in both male and female sexual differentiation.

Abstract: We describe here the isolation of cDNA and genomic clones corresponding to the mouse gene encoding anti-Mullerian hormone, and the use of these clones as molecular probes to study AMH gene expression. We constructed a 14.5 days post coitum (dpc) mouse fetal testes library and isolated a cDNA clone using bovine, human and rat partial cDNAs as probes. This clone contained a 1 kb insert, which was confirmed by sequencing to be the mouse homologue of AMH. Probes derived from the mouse cDNA clone were used to screen genomic libraries and a 12 kb DNA fragment containing the complete coding region of mouse AMH was isolated. In situ hybridisation was used to determine the precise timing and localisation of AMH expression in male and female embryos and postnatal testes and ovaries. AMH transcripts were first detected in fetal testes at 12.5 dpc when differences between testes and ovaries first become visible. The signal was specific for the Sertoli cells of the testes. Other fetal tissues or female embryos were negative for AMH transcripts. During male development, AMH expression is shut off postnatally. In the female, the expression of AMH was first detected at day 6 after birth and is restricted to granulosa cells. We have correlated the pattern of AMH expression in both sexes with cellular events occurring in gonadal development and discuss some implications that this may have for its function and regulation.

Identification of Mycobacterium tuberculosis RNAs synthesized in response to phagocytosis by human macrophages by selective capture of transcribed sequences (SCOTS).

Abstract: A widely applicable, positive cDNA selection method was developed to identify RNAs synthesized by Mycobacterium tuberculosis in response to phagocytosis by cultured human primary macrophages. cDNAs for sigE and sigH (alternative sigma factors), aceA (isocitrate lyase), ponA (class I penicillin-binding protein), pks2 (polyketide synthase), uvrA (UvrABC endonuclease), and ctpV (putative cation transporter) were obtained from macrophage-grown bacteria. cDNAs for ORFs Rv3070, Rv3483c, Rv0903c (encoding a putative bacterial two-component transcriptional activator), and Rv0170 of the mce1 virulence operon also were obtained from phagocytized bacilli. cDNAs for these genomic regions were not obtained from approximately 1,000-fold more bacteria grown in laboratory broth. Methods described here, which have identified M. tuberculosis genes expressed in response to host interaction, will allow the study of gene expression in a variety of microorganisms, including expression resulting from interaction with human tissues in natural disease states.