Showing papers on "Concept of operations published in 2011"

Using Public Network Infrastructures for UAV Remote Sensing in Civilian Security Operations

Abstract: IntroductionAs a result of advances in communication, computation, sensor and energy storage technologies, as well as carbon fiber-reinforced plastic materials, micro unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) are available at affordable prices. On this basis many new application areas, such as the in-depth reconnaissance and surveillance of major incidents, will be possible. Uncontrolled emissions of liquid or gaseous contaminants in cases of volcanic eruptions, large fires, industrial incidents, or terrorist attacks can be analyzed by utilizing UAV (Figure 1). Hence, the use of cognitive Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS) for distributing mobile sensors in incident areas is in general a significant value added for remote sensing, reconnaissance, surveillance, and communication purposes.1Figure 1: Deployment Scenario: Chemical Plume Detection with an Autonomous Micro UAV Mesh Network.In the near future police departments, fire brigades and other homeland security organizations will have access to medium- and small-size UAV and will integrate them in their work flow. The use of non-military frequencies and civil communication technologies gains in importance for purposes of safety and security missions, since the frequency pool is limited and nearly exhausted. In particular, regionally organized public authorities and small rescue organizations like fire brigades often have insufficient access to frequencies and expensive communication equipment. Thus, using civil mobile communication systems is often the only effective workaround for homeland security organizations.This is also one of the major issues for wireless communication in the area of unmanned aerial systems (UAS). Besides flight regulation, wireless communication is an important aspect of UAS as telemetry information (navigation, control, guidance) and sensor data usually have to be transmitted to a mission control center (MCC) in nearly real-time. Today, there is no viable alternative for this type of transmission besides using civil mobile communication networks. Unfortunately, there is no foreseeable solution in terms of frequency assignment for UAS. For efficient sensor coverage of large industrial and incident areas, fast and flexible strategies for collecting sensor data through an autonomous, reliably connected UAV need to be developed. In this article we focus on the civilian concepts of operations (CONOPS) for UAV, in particular for small-scale UAV. Viable concepts on the system level for leveraging public wireless communication networks for UAV-based cognitive remote sensing are presented with respect to both existing constraints and user requirements.The article is structured as follows: we first present the current state of the art and related research activities in the area of UAS communication. Civilian concepts of operations (CONOPS) for purposes of homeland security are discussed in the next section. Subsequent sections address the requirements, concepts and solutions for Air-to-Air (A2A), Air-to-Ground (A2G), and UAS-backend communication. On this basis we then show a methodology for agent-based UAV-mobility for areas with insufficient communication. The article ends suggestions for future research.Related Work and ProjectsSeveral research investigations have been done in the area of UAS. However, UAS communication aspects mostly address proprietary communication systems and usually do not consider public wireless infrastructures since these systems have been mostly deployed by military organizations in the past. Hence, we identify a demand for more in-depth contributions for UAS communication by means of public wireless networks.Tiwari and others have studied the placement planning problem of an airborne network.2 They offer a toolbox to optimize the ground coverage while maintaining a certain degree of reliability and connectivity. By introducing practical scenarios for deployment, the interaction between communication design and mobility planning is shown. …

ILNP Concept of Operations

Abstract: This documents the Concept of Operations for an experimental extension to IPv6 which is known as the Identifier Locator Network Protocol (ILNP).

Update - concept of operations for Integrated Model-Centric Engineering at JPL

Abstract: The increasingly ambitious requirements levied on JPL's space science missions, and the development pace of such missions, challenge our current engineering practices. 12All the engineering disciplines face this growth in complexity to some degree, but the challenges are greatest in systems engineering where numerous competing interests must be reconciled and where complex system-level interactions must be identified and managed. Undesired system-level interactions are increasingly a major risk factor that cannot be reliably exposed by testing, and natural-language single-viewpoint specifications are inadequate to capture and expose system level interactions and characteristics. Systems engineering practices must improve to meet these challenges, and the most promising approach today is the movement toward a more integrated and model-centric approach to mission conception, design, implementation and operations. This approach elevates engineering models to a principal role in systems engineering, gradually replacing traditional document-centric engineering practices.

The Sensor Test for Orion RelNav Risk Mitigation (STORRM) Development Test Objective

Abstract: ash LIDAR, called the Vision Navigation Sensor (VNS), will be the primary navigation instrument used by the Orion vehicle during rendezvous, proximity operations, and docking. The DC will be used by the Orion crew for piloting cues during docking. This paper provides an overview of the STORRM test objectives and the concept of operations. It continues with a description of STORRM’s major hardware components, which include the VNS, docking camera, and supporting avionics. Next, an overview of crew and analyst training activities will describe how the STORRM team prepared for ight. Then an overview of in-ight data collection and analysis is presented. Key ndings and results from this project are summarized. Finally, the paper concludes with lessons learned from the STORRM DTO.

Recommended Security Guidelines for Airport Planning, Design and Construction

Abstract: Aviation security has become increasingly complex and sophisticated over the past decade. Unfortunately, no airport can ever be made 100% secure due to its very nature as a public facility. This paper discusses some of the challenges airport managers face when planning and building new facilities. In order to provide assistance, the US Department of Homeland Security's Transportation Security Administration published a 226-page ‘Recommended Security Guidelines for Airport Planning, Design and Construction’ in May 2011. This publication is a wide-ranging compendium of recommendations and best practices for managers of airports of every size. The author of this paper highlights the importance of a vulnerability analysis and a concept of operations whenever a new security enhancement project is being planned. A consideration of available technologies and systems integration is also needed for creating a proactive security environment.

UAS insertion into commercial airspace: Europe and US standards perspective

Abstract: The use of Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) by the military has greatly increased over the last decade. This experience has led to the development of Concept of Operations (CONOPS) and technology in line with defense and security missions. It is evident that UASs are becoming the military's choice for dull, dirty and dangerous missions. Prompted by the military's experience, civil agencies have identified a large variety of missions that potentially could be performed by UASs with clear benefits. UAS are already in production and use today. However, they are limited in their use within civil airspace due to the lack of mature sense-and-avoid technology and undefined methods for proving safety. These key requirements will not only enable military, civil, and eventually commercial objectives, they will have a direct impact in initial and operating costs. Therefore, to unlock the potential of UASs, it is required to develop affordable UAS solutions that can be safely and transparently integrated into non-segregated airspace. It is important to realize that unmanned civil aviation is a revolution, not an evolution, as CONOPS and the necessary technology for flight in non-segregated airspace are not mature, and standards (MASPS or MOPS) do not exist. Therefore, UAS integration into non-segregated airspace will require the simultaneous development of CONOPS, technology and standards, and the involvement of all UAS stakeholders, that is, end users, industry, regulators, Air Navigation Service Providers (ANSPs), etc. from all over the world. Two groups are leading the development of standards for safe and transparent UAS integration into non-segregated airspace: EUROCAE WG-73 in Europe; and RTCA SC-203 in the US. WG-73 will propose its developed standards to EASA and the European National Aviation Authorities (NAAs), whereas SC-203 will propose its developed standards to the FAA. Therefore, if WG-73 and SC-203 are not aligned, there is a risk that different standards are developed on either side of the Atlantic. Consequently, UAS solutions will not be interoperable, and standards will be costlier and take longer to develop. This is not in the interest of any of the UAS stakeholders and especially the end users. This paper will compare the activities of WG-73 and SC-203. The focus will be on Sense-And-Avoid (SAA) activities for Beyond Visual Line-Of-Sight (BVLOS) operations and will expand on the ATM environment, markets/CONOPS, and UAS safety objectives.

2020 Foresight--a Systems-Engineering Approach to Assessing the Safety of the SESAR Operational Concept

Abstract: SESAR (Single European Sky ATM Research) seeks to address operational deficiencies in air traffic management (ATM) in European airspace. EUROCONTROL has undertaken a safety assessment of the SESAR Concept of Operations. The theoretical basis for a argument-based approach to safety assessment is presented along with an outline of how it will be applied to operations. This approach should identify positive potential contributions of SESAR to aviation safety.

The european data relay system (edrs): operational challenges

Abstract: This paper will illustrate the challenges and preliminary solutions in operating the EDRS constellation. The EDRS network will include two communication payloads, one hosted on a dedicated spacecraft and one as piggy-back on a commercial satellite. The two satellites will be positioned in geosynchronous orbit to provide nearglobal coverage for satellites in low earth orbit (LEO). EDRS is designed to reduce time delays in the transmission of large amounts of data and to allow faster access for the end users. This is achieved by using an optical Laser Communication Terminal (LCT) for the link between the LEO and the EDRS payload and a Ka-band link between the EDRS payload and the ground. The latter will be established via three dedicated feeder link ground stations in Europe from where the data is distributed to the users. The users may also use their own ground stations to receive the data directly. By using the EDRS infrastructure extended capabilities for TM/TC operations will be possible with LEO satellites. This will enable short-time changes to the payload timeline and better reactions to anomalies while optimizing the number of necessary ground stations. DLR with its German Space Operations Center (GSOC) plays a major role in the EDRS operations. This role includes design, development and integration of ground infrastructure and operations of the satellites and ground stations. The EDRS concept of operations differs from the conventional communication satellites. Two challenging new technologies will be integrated in order to provide faster data turnaround times and downlink capabilities of up to 1800 Mbit/s: 1. Laser-Optical Inter-satellite link: The large distance between a satellite in GEO and one in LEO makes the pointing of both laser terminals very difficult. Good attitude information and control of both satellites is required. A good quality orbit determination and time synchronisation is vital for good Laser acquisition times and both payloads need to keep accurately track of their fast moving counterparts. Thus, development of the operations concept requires consideration about establishing the interfaces and coordination of operations with the low flying satellites, which are operated by different control centres. 2. Ka-band downlink: The wavelength of the Ka-band signal leads to significant atmospheric and rain attenuation. Thus, requirements for ground stations (for front- and back-end) in terms of pointing accuracy and the specific hardware are very challenging compared to standard S/X/Ku-band ground stations. Careful consideration has to be taken designing the ground stations and during link establishment and station operations. 62nd International Astronautical Congress, Cape Town, SA. Copyright 2011 by Deutsches Zentrum fur Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. (DLR)

System architecture pliability and trading operations in tradespace exploration

Abstract: The concept of operations is often assumed when assessing different design variables in a tradespace study for a particular system architecture, The way a system operates, however, has a large effect on its performance, and can often be the only variable through which stakeholders can influence a system after the system is implemented. The concept of pliable system architectures is introduced so that operational variables can be explicitly considered and incorporated into tradespace studies. System transitions can be predicted by pliability, and these transitions can provide insight into other system “ilities” such as changeability, adaptability, flexibility and survivability. Two techniques are introduced in order to demonstrate the usefulness of the pliability concept; (1) a step-by-step process by which operational variables can be identified within a system architecture, and (2) a process by which very large tradespaces can be sampled into a manageable set of system instances that provide maximum insight for the level of effort to model them. As these new concepts and methodologies are new and part of ongoing research, they will need to be tested and validated in future work.

Enabling distributed command and control with standards-based geospatial collaboration

Abstract: Large-scale disasters present significant incident management challenges due to their size and complexity. Organizations often introduce distinct Concepts of Operations (CONOPs), resources, and tools. Collecting and disseminating real-time information across all responders and organizations presents a difficult, but urgent, technical problem, exemplified by the responses to the 2010 Deep Water Horizon oil spill and the 2011 9.0 magnitude earthquake and ensuing tsunami in Japan. Web-based application capabilities have matured significantly and can provide a distributed, feature-rich, and standards-based collaboration environment for First Responders. This paper describes the Next-Generation Incident Command System (NICS), formerly the Lincoln Distributed Disaster Response System (LDDRS), an open, non-proprietary, distributed, scalable, web-based situational awareness system for First Responders. NICS is developed by MIT Lincoln Laboratory (MIT LL), in partnership with the California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection (CAL FIRE), under the sponsorship of the Department of Homeland Security Science & Technology Directorate (S&T).

Modeling and simulation of a ground based sense and avoid architecture for Unmanned Aircraft System operations

Abstract: The safe operation of Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) in the National Airspace System (NAS) requires a capability to sense and avoid other airborne targets. One solution is a Ground Based Sense and Avoid (GBSAA) concept, in which available radar surveillance information is fused in a specially tuned tracking system and provided to a ground observer and pilot through a UAS-centric display. Our current research focuses on assessing system performance for detecting pop-up, non-cooperative (non-transponding) airborne intruders. Detection and tracking of a new target depends on site-specific radar coverage performance and tracker filtering and initiation logic. Appropriate radar and tracking models enable simulation studies for assessing system performance in satisfying necessary sense and avoid functional requirements. This information will help identify needed changes in radar and tracking systems, modifications to the GBSAA concept of operation, and mission planning. Ultimately, a quantitative assessment of the GBSAA surveillance capabilities in detecting and tracking non-cooperative intruders will define where UAS can be safely operated in the NAS.

Automated computer network defence technology demonstration project (ARMOUR TDP): Concept of operations, architecture, and integration framework

Abstract: Modern militaries rely heavily on computer networks and they have become a part of the critical infrastructure that must be protected. Computer networks, both military and non-military, are constantly being attacked and data about new vulnerabilities and attacks must be analyzed and processed at a speed that enables timely mitigation. The ARMOUR Technology Demonstration Project (TDP) is a five-year activity that will demonstrate automated Computer Network Defence (CND) capabilities based on the Observe, Orient, Decide and Act (OODA) decision process. We present the ARMOUR TDP Concept of Operations and Architecture, and promote an open source integration framework for collaborative development.

Analysis of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles Concept of Operations in ITS Applications

Abstract: The work described in this report is about developing a framework for the design of concept of operations (CONOP), which use small uninhabited aerial systems (SUAS) to support of intelligent transportation system (ITS) application of highway and transportation infrastructure monitoring. In these envisioned applications, these vehicles will be used for tasks such as remote collection of traffic data or inspection of roads and bridges. As such, a risk that has to be managed for these applications is that of vehicle-infrastructure collision. Various solutions to ensure safe separation between the unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) and the object being inspected have been proposed. However, most, if not all, of these solutions rely on a multi-sensor approach, which combines digital maps of the infrastructure being inspected with an integrated Global Position System (GPS)/Inertial navigator. While ``turn key" solutions for such multi-sensor systems exist, the performance specifications provided by their manufacturers does not provide sufficient information to allow precisely quantifying or bounding the collision risk. Furthermore, size, weight and power (or SWAP) constraints posed by these small aerial vehicles limits the use of redundant hardware and/or software as a risk mitigation strategy. The purpose of the work reported here was to develop a framework for the design of CONOPs, which take these SUAS limitations into account. The method outlined shows, in part, how these vehicle/infrastructure collision risks can be estimated or conservatively bounded.

Safety of advanced airborne self separation under very high en-route traffic demand

Abstract: Since the "invention" of free flight, an outstanding question is how much traffic demand can safely be accommodated by airborne self separation. In order to answer this question, within the iFly project an advanced airborne self separation concept of operations (ConOps) has been developed. This paper shows the results of an assessment of this ConOps on safety risk under very high en-route traffic demand. The accident risk assessment is conducted using advanced techniques in agent based modelling and rare event Monte Carlo simulation. The results obtained show which en-route traffic demand can safely be accommodated by advanced airborne self separation.

A Personal Plane Air Transportation System - The PPlane Project

Abstract: The seventh European Framework Program (FP7) “Personal Plane” project (PPlane) aims to develop system ideas that enable personal air transport for the long term (2030 and beyond). Such a system will avoid the ever increasing congestion on European roads and offer an alternative to the current conventional transport system across Europe. PPlane will provide in all European countries, an additional component of a future efficient European multimodal transport system aiming at allowing all European citizen to travel anywhere in Europe, gate to gate, within 4 hour or lesss. The preliminary assumption made in the PPlane project is that automation should be developed to enable a “regular Joe” to use a personal aircraft, in various weather conditions, without any command and control difficulties, using a “push button” navigation interface. In conjunction with adapted sophisticated ATM ground system, an on-board automatic system will take care of the complex issues of integration into the future airspace that includes many other sky users, while preserving navigation and emergency management capabilities. A systematic and innovative approach has been developed and implemented within the PPlane project in order to identify and analyze future customers’ needs and to propose novel ideas for a Personal Air Transport System (PATS). This system satisfies the end users while respecting all environmental and social constraints. Several concepts of operation have been initially developed followed by an optimization model that applies a number of selection criteria to define, analyze and prioritize these concepts. The main issues that have been addressed are divided into five domains: security and safety, automation and control, environmental impact, energy constraints, human factors and social acceptance. In each domain, areas such as technologies, regulation, and affordability are considered resulting in the design of viable systems ideas. The project concludes that PPlane vehicle would be an aircraft that is fully automated and electrically propelled for environmental reasons. The ground infrastructure of the PPlane system has also been designed, an ownership model is proposed and a preliminary evaluation of the travel costs has been made. The solution of “flying car” or “roadable aircraft” was ruled out since it would cause many difficulties including multiple safety problems. PPlane is a 36-month project that started in October 2009. The PPlane consortium is coordinated by ONERA (France), administratively supported by Intergam Communications (Israel) and includes leading organizations from 11 European countries and associated states from different aviation domains in industry, research and academy.

Fully integrated multi-vehicles mine countermeasure missions

Abstract: The capability and cost effectiveness that autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) bring to mine countermeasure operations (MCM) has been widely demonstrated and accepted in recent years. However, these operations still rely mainly on surface vessels, human operators and divers. These current Navy forces are showing their limitations for modern MCM doctrine: they are vulnerable, costly and slow to deploy. In this paper, we analyse the benefits and requirements of heterogeneous fleets of AUVs for enabling fully integrated MCM operations. The Ocean Systems Laboratory has a record of successful concept demonstrations at all the Detection, Classification, Identification, and Neutralisation (DCIN) stages of the MCM workflow. Nevertheless, a demonstration showing all the multidisciplinary capabilities fully integrated in a truly autonomous distributed sensing-decision-act loop has never been achieved. In this paper, we describe the research and engineering challenges that we are facing. Then, we introduce the existing research contributions in automatic target recognition, knowledge distribution and decision making processes. This will allow us to overcome the research challenges and to demonstrate its capability. We also propose a set of combined metrics to evaluate the performance improvement of the system over state-of-the-art approaches. We identify a possible concept of operation scenario for a demonstration. Finally we present the results of the fully integrated MCM mission conducted at the end of last year.

A Concept of Operations for a NextGen Metroplex Scheduling Concept

Abstract: At major US metropolitan area airports with nearby airports, air traffic flow interdependencies cause significant traffic inefficiencies. The US Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) is attacking the metroplex problem with near-term solutions including procedural and airspace design changes. An additional and complementary technology-based metroplex solution is the development and deployment of a NextGen metroplex scheduling concept. Feasibility and preliminary impact evaluations of such a concept are being pursued in ongoing NASA-sponsored research by the Georgia Tech Metroplex NASA Research Announcement (NRA) Team. This research paper discusses details of the NextGen metroplex scheduling concept, termed the "Multiplexer" concept, and its concept of operations. Major concept attributes discussed include the concept solution and potential benefits, expected changes in human roles and responsibilities, its system function, its expected system and human/system interface requirements, expected operational sequences, development challenges, and potential future concept extensions.

Mobile Cubesat Command and Control (MC3)

Abstract: : The Mobile CubeSat Command and Control (MC3) program will become the ground segment of the Colony II satellite program. The MC3 ground station contains Commercial Off-the-Shelf (COTS) hardware with Government Off-the-Shelf (GOTS) software making it an affordable option for government agencies and universities participating in the Colony II program. Further, the MC3 program provides educational opportunities to students and training to space professionals in satellite communications. This thesis analyzes the MC3 program from the program manager's point of view providing a Concept of Operations (CONOPS) of the program as well as initial analysis of MC3 ground station locations. Also included in this thesis is a future cost analysis of the MC3 program as well as lessons learned from the NPS acquisition process.

On the estimation of operations and maintenance costs for defense systems

Abstract: The estimation of operations and maintenance (O&M) costs for weapon systems has been termed `infeasible' due to: 1) a lack of detailed prior (O&M) costs, 2) a large amount of uncertainty in the operational tempo for the system, and 3) uncertainty in the predicted reliability of system components. This research proposes the creation of a flexible discrete event simulation model to estimate O&M costs by predicting events that occur during a system's life cycle. Such a model takes as inputs a given concept of operations, maintenance strategy, and system reliabilities to determine lifecycle events such as: consumables used and maintenance operations performed on the entire system throughout its life cycle. The uncertain cost of each event can be used to estimate a distribution of total O&M costs. The results can finally be analyzed to determine the attribution of the uncertainty of those costs to all of the different possible sources.

Space Situational Awareness CubeSat Concept of Operations

Abstract: : The concept of space situational awareness (SSA) is important to preserve manned and unmanned space operations. Traditionally, ground based radar, electro-optical sensors and very limited space-based assets have been used as part of the space surveillance network (SSN) to track orbital debris, inactive and active satellites alike. With the current SSN assets aging and the need for SSA growing, it is important to explore new ways to ensure proper SSA is maintained to preserve space operations. The Space-based Telescope for the Actionable Refinement of Ephemeris (STARE) project was initiated to explore the potential for a cube satellite (CubeSat) to contribute to the current SSN, with an optical payload integrated into a 3U Colony II Bus. The bus and payload data from the CubeSat will be collected by the Naval Postgraduate School Mobile CubeSat Command and Control ground station. Telemetry data from the bus will be analyzed at NPS and the payload data at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. This thesis outlines the concept of operation for the STARE CubeSat and investigates the possibility of using the data generated by STARE to augment the SSN to reduce the errors associated with conjunction analysis performed at the Joint Space Operations Center.

Wide-area video exploitation (WAVE) joint data management(JDM) for layered sensing

Abstract: Emerging technologies of high performance computing facilitate increased data collection for wide area sensing; however, joint data management concepts of operations (CONOPs) are important to fully realize system-level performance. Joint data management (JDM) includes the hardware (e.g. sensors/targets), software (e.g. processing/algorithms), entities (e.g. service-based collections), and operations (scenario-based environments) of data exchange that enable persistent surveillance in the context of a layered sensing or data-to-decision (D2D) information fusion enterprise. Key attributes of an information fusion enterprise system require pragmatic assessment of data and information management, distributed communications, knowledge representation as well as a sensor mix, algorithm choice, life-cycle data management, and human-systems interaction. In this paper, we explore the various issues surrounding Wide-Area Video Exploitation (WAVE) in a layered-sensing environment to include improvements in Joint Data Management such as (1) data collection, construction, and transformation, (2) feature generation, extraction and selection, and (3) information evaluation, presentation, and dissemination. Throughout the paper, we seek to describe the current technology, research directions, and metrics that instantiate a realizable JDM product. We develop the methods for joint data management for structured and unstructured WAVE data in the context of decision making. Discerning accurate track and identification target information from WAVE JDM provides a moving intelligence (MOVINT) capability.

CHANNELS: An information flow modeling system to support planning and interoperability

Abstract: In order to manage security and disaster risk, government agencies and their partners need to share information. Having the tools and networks needed to transmit and receive information is vital, but even with these systems in place, information doesn't spontaneously flow as needed between people and/or systems. To achieve the required information sharing, the flow of information needs to be planned ahead of a critical incident and analyzed in order to reduce the risk of a communication breakdown. This paper will explain the role of CHANNELS, developed by Mind-Alliance Systems, information sharing planning (ISP) software to achieve enhanced operability and interoperability. CHANNELS supports information-sharing planning, capability assessment and training processes. CHANNELS (i) automatically generates information flow maps derived from profiling the information needs and sharing flows associated with tasks, (ii) detects/reports improperly defined elements, information flow gaps, and identifies weaknesses. It generates guidance to responders at all levels.

Composing Effective Environments for Concept Exploration in a Multi-Agency Context

Abstract: : There is a need to integrate a range of stakeholders, both military and non-military, into the planning and conduct of operations, both civil and military. These endeavors necessitate the inclusion of many stakeholders each of which bring diverse agendas, values, and differing degrees of experience and training. Anecdotes suggest that techniques used to inform planning and subsequent operations often fail to reflect the complexity of such multi-agency environments. We report on a technique that has been used successfully to explore the issues evident in multi-agency planning and operations. Specifically, we report on the use and suitability of Engle matrix gaming methods to simulate the complex nature of the problem space. The key to success of these activities is related to the level of preparation and we discuss what issues should be considered with regard to the scenario, personnel and overall planning.

Allocating Marine Corps Intelligence Resources for Phase Zero Operations

Abstract: : The Marine Corps allocates intelligence resources primarily to the command elements of deploying forces in accordance with current Marine Corps tables of organization. Operations in complex operating environments such as Operations IRAQI FREEDOM and ENDURING FREEDOM demonstrate the need for modified intelligence resource allocations to satisfy emerging intelligence requirements. While the counterinsurgency campaign in Afghanistan remains the near-term Marine Corps focus, the Marine Corps intelligence community must consider increasingly complex future operating environments to assess potential impacts on intelligence resource allocation within and external to the Marine Air Ground Task Force (MAGTF) organizational construct. This study analyzes engagement and shaping activities to identify allocation requirements, and proposes courses of action regarding intelligence support concepts of operation. In conclusion, the Marine Corps should develop an intelligence support concept of operations that institutionalizes the sourcing and reallocation of scalable intelligence support teams from a MAGTF's command element to satisfy future operating environment intelligence requirements.

Strategies to Mitigate Off-Nominal Events in Super Dense Operations

Abstract: *† ‡ § Given the concept of operations defining the nominal conditions for Super Dense Operations (SDO) in the Next Generation Air Transportation System (NextGen), we investigate strategies to mitigate off-nominal events that disrupt SDO. We are interested in short-duration off-nominal events in which SDO is temporarily interrupted, and through mitigation strategies, the system can eventually return to nominal SDO conditions. In this paper, we study a range of off-nominal events that can be mitigated through algorithmic traffic flow management approaches.

Smart Dial-A-Ride for Demand-Responsive Transit Operations: Research and Development of a Concept of Operations

Abstract: P Pr ro oj je ec ct t R Re ep po or rt t

Design of the High-Mobility Disaster Monitoring Satellite Constellation Using the Orbiting Depot

Abstract: This paper proposes the initiative to design the continuous and global disaster monitoring satellite constellation supported by a flexibility element referred to as the “onorbit supply depot.” The goal statement, concept of operations, high-level requirements, and key design variables of the proposed monitoring system are presented. The proposed system is operated in two different modes – the nominal mode and the disaster mode. In the nominal mode, the system performs the weather forecasting mission. The system is switched to the disaster mode upon the outbreak of a disaster. Some satellites transfer to lower orbits and carry out the disaster monitoring to provide a better view of disaster situations. When the disastrous situation is relieved, they return to their original orbit to continue the nominal mode mission. The extra amount of propellant for the mode-switch orbit transfers can be provided by the on-orbit supply depot, which can extend the system’s lifecycle. We expect that the system can be potentially designed, manufactured, and operated through global collaboration and can reduce the gaps in disaster-related information due to the asymmetric intelligence capabilities among countries.

Utilizing scenario technique to derive and select robust requirements for a Concept of Operations in the Air Transportation System

Abstract: This paper illustrates the creation of a methodology to derive robust requirements for a Concept of Operations in the Air Transportation System utilizing scenario technique. The method encompasses the whole process of requirement identication, denition, se- lection and modeling. This approach can be seen as link between scenario technique and requirement engineering which is currently used for technology assessment at the Ger- man Aerospace Center (Department of System Analysis j Institute of Air Transportation Systems).

Concept of operations for data fusion visualization

Abstract: Situational awareness in the operations and supervision of a industrial system means that decision making entity, whether machine or human, have the important data presented in a timely manner. An optimal presentation of information such that the operator has the best opportunity accurately interpret and react to anomalies due to system degradation, failures or adversaries. Anticipated problems are a matter for system design; however, the paper will focus on concepts for situational awareness enhancement for a human operator when the unanticipated or unaddressed event types occur. Methodology for human machine interface development and refinement strategy is described for a synthetic fuels plant model. A novel concept for adaptively highlighting the most interesting information in the system and a plan for testing the methodology is described.