Showing papers on "Concept of operations published in 2016"

Unmanned Aircraft System Traffic Management (UTM) Concept of Operations

Abstract: Many applications of small Unmanned Aircraft System (sUAS) have been envisioned. These include surveillance of key assets such as pipelines, rail, or electric wires, deliveries, search and rescue, traffic monitoring, videography, and precision agriculture. These operations are likely to occur in the same airspace in presence of many static and dynamic constraints such as airports, and high wind areas. Therefore, small UAS, typically 55 pounds and below, operations need to be managed to ensure safety and efficiency of operations is maintained. This paper will describe the Concept of Operations (ConOps) for NASA's UAS Traffic Management (UTM) research initiative. The UTM ConOps is focused on safely enabling large-scale small UAS (sUAS) operations in low altitude airspace. The UTM construct supports large-scale visual line of sight and beyond visual line of sight operations. It is based on two primary mantras: (1) flexibility where possible and structure where necessary (2) a risk-based approach where geographical needs and use case indicate the airspace performance requirements. Preliminary stakeholder feedback and initial UTM tests conducted by NASA show promise of UTM to enable large-scale low altitude UAS operations safely.

Unmanned Aircraft System traffic management: Concept of operation and system architecture

Abstract: Within the past few years, civilian demand for small unmanned aircraft systems (sUAS), commonly referred to as drones, has skyrocketed. The passage of the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) Modernization and Reform Act in 2012 acknowledged this fact, and has since prompted expedited research and development for civilian sUAS. As proposed at a recent National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Convention, central to the safe and efficient operations of sUAS will be an unmanned aircraft system traffic management (UTM) system. Such a UTM system will borrow fundamental ideas from large-scale air-traffic control, albeit with several key differences that provide for sUAS which vary in method of control, maneuverability, function, range, and operational constraints. Ultimately, an expansion of UTM infrastructure, a decentralization of governing authority over sUAS operations, and the establishment of a web-interface for pilots to submit flight plans and access crucial data will allow for sUAS operations to shift from being a science-fiction gimmick to an element of daily life. The major objectives of this paper are to: (1) define what a UTM system is; (2) review current UTM practice from industry partners; (3) describe how sUAS pilots would use a typical UTM system, and who has authority over UTM; and (4) determine what physical architecture is required in a UTM system which handles a large variety of sUAS.

A Concept of Operations for Trajectory-based Taxi Operations

Abstract: A harmonized concept of operations (ConOps) for future surface operations that considers the surface management practices and policies that currently exist in the U.S. and Europe was developed by NASA and DLR. The high-level concept vision is to develop the framework for surface traffic scheduling systems that generate conflict-free four-dimensional trajectories (4DTs) for all aircraft on the airport surface and for guidance means on board and on ground to enable the flight crew to adhere to the trajectories. This vision supports the reduction of temporal uncertainty and delays by improving the whole planning chain from gate to runway and vice versa. This paper identifies and describes the necessary functions of this concept and explains the relationships among them. As a result of this activity, challenges arose which are the basis to derive research requirements that are jointly approached by NASA and DLR in the future. The concept is supported through a solid base of results from research already conducted in that area to support the implementation of this concept in the future.

Concept of Operations for Interval Management Arrivals and Approach

Abstract: This paper presents the concept of operations for interval management operations to be deployed in the US National Airspace System (NAS) by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) Interval Management Program. The arrivals and approach operations are explored in detail including the primary operation and variations. The use of interval management operations is described that begin in en route airspace and continue to a termination point inside the arrival terminal area in the highly automated terminal environment that includes other arrival management tools such as arrival metering, Ground-based Interval Management - Spacing (GIM-S), and Terminal Sequencing and Spacing (TSAS). The roles of Air Traffic and Pilots and the ground automation tools that are used by Air Traffic Controllers to enable the operations are explored.

Designing a ‘concept of operations’ architecture for next-generation multi-organisational service networks

Abstract: Networked service organisations are increasingly adopting a ‘smarter networking’ philosophy in their design of more agile and customer-focused supply models. Changing consumer behaviours and the emergence of transformative technologies—industry 4.0, artificial intelligence, big data analytics, the Internet of Things—are driving a series of innovations, in terms of ‘products’ and business models, with major implications for the industrial enterprise, in their design of more ‘digitalised’ supply chains. For B2B systems, emerging ‘product-service’ offerings are requiring greater visibility, alignment and integration across an increasingly complex network of multiple partners and collaborators, in order to deliver a better service and customer ‘experience’. To support the design and operation of these multi-organisational service networks, we outline a concept of operations architecture here, underpinned by the literature and network theory, and demonstrate application using a series of exemplar case studies. Focusing on relational elements and the processes key to network integration within service supply networks, the cases inform a set of operating principles and protocols—applicable to all stakeholders ‘cooperating’, within a ‘shared’ environment. Equally critical is to understand how digital technologies may influence future operating philosophies. This article extends our theoretical understanding of network organisations, from a traditional ‘product’ perspective to that of ‘services’, and presents the case for developing a common, unified approach to designing diverse forms of multi-partner service networks.

Evaluation of illustrative ConOps and Decision Matrix as tools in concept selection

Abstract: Low oil prices and cost reduction initiatives are currently affecting the oil and gas domain. At the same time, the industry struggles with budget and schedule overruns. The high focus on generic requirements tends to overshadow the operational needs for the system. Previous research points out insufficient acquisition of operational needs as a main contributor to costly late design changes. This paper explores the use of an illustrative Concept of Operation and Pugh matrix as tools when evaluating concepts in the subsea domain. We apply the tools to a conceptual study of an interdisciplinary system expansion to encourage an unbiased holistic mindset of the decision makers. We also aim to answer if the project engineers can use these tools to expose showstoppers and opportunities at an early stage of the system development process. The result of our research indicates that an illustrative ConOps supported by a high-level Pugh matrix can serve as a trigger for discovering opportunities and constraints not initially considered. An Illustrative Concept of Operation and Pugh Matrix show potential when used as tools in communicating qualities of conceptual solutions between project members and stakeholders.

Concept of Operations to System Design and Development-An integrated system for Aircraft Mission Feasibility Analysis using STK Engine MATLAB and LabVIEW

Abstract: In recent times, there has been a significant rise in usage of aircrafts in surveillance and reconnaissance missions. Not all the aircrafts survive the harsh testing conditions put forth by the enemy regions. Aircraft Survivability Analysis gives the measure of the chances of survival for different counter strategies. The mission would be recalculated if particular sortie does not fall within the physical boundary of the performance of an aircraft. This is required both for the success of the mission and the survivability of the aircraft in the harsh enemy conditions. A system is envisioned comprising of the accurate modeling of the physical world and the accurate model of control system. An interoperable system which can work seamlessly together will provide mission planners, System integrators, aeronautical/ aerospace engineers a milieu wherein the Control System designer who is found wanted as far as the physical world is concerned is given a system which can simulate the real world in lab conditions. To achieve this, we combine the two most promising environments prevalent in the industry today namely Systems tool kit for modeling the operational environment MATLAB and LabVIEW for modeling the control system environment. Using a Math script window of LabVIEW, we have designed the aircraft model and controlling the variables of an aircraft using a simulation loop of a LabVIEW. The different flight conditions were arrived using Orthogonal Array (OA) based on different Aircraft weight, Altitude, Mach number configurations. This attempts to span the aircrafts across the regimes in aircrafts flight envelope. A system comprising of both, with seamless UDP based connection between the two is developed to expedite the process of development of feasible control system design and verification which allows the aircrafts to undertake complex mission. This system we believe would answer questions of limits of the aircrafts maneuverability and survivability in terms of its limitation concerning control system design and development of commercial fighter aircrafts, UAV's and Quad copters.

A Strategic Approach to Medical Care for Exploration Missions

Abstract: Exploration missions will present significant new challenges to crew health, including effects of variable gravity environments, limited communication with Earth-based personnel for diagnosis and consultation for medical events, limited resupply, and limited ability for crew return. Providing health care capabilities for exploration class missions will require system trades be performed to identify a minimum set of requirements and crosscutting capabilities which can be used in design of exploration medical systems. Current and future medical data, information, and knowledge must be cataloged and put in formats that facilitate querying and analysis. These data may then be used to inform the medical research and development program through analysis of risk trade studies between medical care capabilities and system constraints such as mass, power, volume, and training. These studies will be used to define a Medical Concept of Operations to facilitate stakeholder discussions on expected medical capability for exploration missions. Medical Capability as a quantifiable variable is proposed as a surrogate risk metric and explored for trade space analysis that can improve communication between the medical and engineering approaches to mission design. The resulting medical system approach selected will inform NASA mission architecture, vehicle, and subsystem design for the next generation of spacecraft.

Air STAR Beyond Visual Range UAS Description and Preliminary Test Results

Abstract: The NASA Airborne Subscale Transport Aircraft Research Unmanned Aerial System project's capabilities were expanded by updating the system design and concept of operations. The new remotely piloted airplane system design was flight tested to assess integrity and operational readiness of the design to perform flight research. The purpose of the system design is to improve aviation safety by providing a capability to validate, in high-risk conditions, technologies to prevent airplane loss of control. Two principal design requirements were to provide a high degree of reliability and that the new design provide a significant increase in test volume (relative to operations using the previous design). The motivation for increased test volume is to improve test efficiency and allow new test capabilities that were not possible with the previous design and concept of operations. Three successful test flights were conducted from runway 4-22 at NASA Goddard Space Flight Center's Wallops Flight Facility.

Concept of Operations for Interval Management Arrivals and Approach

Abstract: This paper presents the concept of operations for interval management operations to be deployed in the US National Airspace System (NAS) by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) Interval Management Program. The arrivals and approach operations are explored in detail including the primary operation and variations. The use of interval management operations is described that begin in en route airspace and continue to a termination point inside the arrival terminal area in the highly automated terminal environment that includes other arrival management tools such as arrival metering, Ground-based Interval Management - Spacing (GIM-S), and Terminal Sequencing and Spacing (TSAS). The roles of Air Traffic and Pilots and the ground automation tools that are used by Air Traffic Controllers to enable the operations are explored.

Concepts of Operations (CONOPS) for Biodosimetry Tools Employed in Operational Environments.

Abstract: It is essential to identify improved capabilities to accurately identify, confirm, and/or quantify radiological exposure and injury in order to inform critical triage, diagnosis, and treatment decisions. Herein the authors report characteristic requirements and potential Concepts of Operations (CONOPS) for biodosimetry tools employed in operational environments. While similar significant efforts have been completed in this area for the U.S. civilian sector, limited perspectives are published in the peer-reviewed literature regarding the use of radiological diagnostic technologies in deployed military medical treatment settings. Two radiological exposure scenarios were developed to clarify the diagnostic performance criteria and identify capability gaps. The emerging technology areas associated with radiation exposure diagnostics were reviewed and assessed to gauge their suitability in supporting triage, treatment, and return to duty decisions within the military medical support system.

Performance Efficient Launch Vehicle Recovery and Reuse

Abstract: For decades, economic reuse of launch vehicles has been an elusive goal. Recent attempts at demonstrating elements of launch vehicle recovery for reuse have invigorated a debate over the merits of different approaches. The parameter most often used to assess the cost of access to space is dollars-per-kilogram to orbit. When comparing reusable vs. expendable launch vehicles, that ratio has been shown to be most sensitive to the performance lost as a result of enabling the reusability. This paper will briefly review the historical background and results of recent attempts to recover launch vehicle assets for reuse. The business case for reuse will be reviewed, with emphasis on the performance expended to recover those assets, and the practicality of the most ambitious reuse concept, namely propulsive return to the launch site. In 2015, United Launch Alliance (ULA) announced its Sensible, Modular, Autonomous Return Technology (SMART) reuse plan for recovery of the booster module for its new Vulcan launch vehicle. That plan employs a non-propulsive approach where atmospheric entry, descent and landing (EDL) technologies are utilized. Elements of such a system have a wide variety of applications, from recovery of launch vehicle elements in suborbital trajectories all the way to human space exploration. This paper will include an update on ULA's booster module recovery approach, which relies on Hypersonic Inflatable Aerodynamic Decelerator (HIAD) and Mid-Air Retrieval (MAR) technologies, including its concept of operations (ConOps). The HIAD design, as well as parafoil staging and MAR concepts, will be discussed. Recent HIAD development activities and near term plans including scalability, next generation materials for the inflatable structure and heat shield, and gas generator inflation systems will be provided. MAR topics will include the ConOps for recovery, helicopter selection and staging, and the state of the art of parachute recovery systems using large parafoils for space asset recovery and high altitude deployment. The next proposed HIAD flight demonstration is called HULA (for HIAD on ULA), and will feature a 6m diameter HIAD. An update for the HULA concept will be provided in this paper. As proposed, this demonstration will fly as a secondary payload on an Atlas mission. The Centaur upper stage provides the reentry pointing, deorbit burn, and entry vehicle spin up. The flight test will culminate with a recovery of the HIAD using MAR. HULA will provide data from a Low Earth Orbit (LEO) return aeroheating environment that enables predictive model correlation and refinement. The resultant reduction in performance uncertainties should lead to design efficiencies that are increasingly significant at larger scales. Relevance to human scale Mars EDL using a HIAD will also be presented, and the applicability of the data generated from both HULA and SMART Vulcan flights, and its value for NASA's human exploration efforts will be discussed. A summary and conclusion will follow.

Human-in-the-Loop Assessment of Alternative Clearances in Interval Management Arrival Operations

Abstract: Interval Management Alternative Clearances (IMAC) was a human-in-the-loop simulation experiment conducted to explore the Air Traffic Management (ATM) Technology Demonstration (ATD-1) Concept of Operations (ConOps), which combines advanced arrival scheduling, controller decision support tools, and aircraft avionics to enable multiple time deconflicted, efficient arrival streams into a high-density terminal airspace. Interval Management (IM) is designed to support the ATD-1 concept by having an "Ownship" (IM-capable) aircraft achieve or maintain a specific time or distance behind a "Target" (preceding) aircraft. The IM software uses IM clearance information and the Ownship data (route of flight, current location, and wind) entered by the flight crew, and the Target aircraft's Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast state data, to calculate the airspeed necessary for the IM-equipped aircraft to achieve or maintain the assigned spacing goal.

Air Traffic Management Technology Demonstration-1 Concept of Operations (ATD-1 ConOps), Version 3.0

Abstract: This document describes the goals, benefits, technologies, and procedures of the Concept of Operations (ConOps) for the Air Traffic Management (ATM) Technology Demonstration #1 (ATD-1), and provides an update to the previous versions of the document [ref 1 and ref 2].

Assessing the Impact of Operational Constraints on the Near-Term Unmanned Aircraft System Traffic Management Supported Market

Abstract: An economic impact market analysis was conducted for 16 leading sectors of commercial Unmanned Aerial System (UAS) applications predicted to be enabled by 2020 through the NASA UAS Traffic Management (UTM) program. Subject matter experts from seven industries were interviewed to validate concept of operations (ConOps) and market adoption assumptions for each sector. The market analysis was used to estimate direct economic impacts for each sector including serviceable addressable market, capital investment, revenue recovery potential, and operations cost savings. The resultant economic picture distinguishes the agricultural, pipeline and railroad inspection, construction, and maritime sectors of the nascent commercial UAS industry as providing the highest potential economic value in the United States. Sensitivity studies characterized the variability of select UAS sectors economic value to key regulatory or UTM ConOps requirements such as weight, altitude, and flight over populated area constraints. Takeaways from the analysis inform the validation of UTM requirements, technologies and timetables from a commercial market need and value viewpoint. This work concluded in August 2015 and reflects the state of the UAS industry and market projections at that time.

Probabilistic Formal Verification of the SATS Concept of Operation

Abstract: The objective of NASA's Small Aircraft Transportation System SATS Concept of Operations ConOps is to facilitate High Volume Operation HVO of advanced small aircraft operating in non-towered non-radar airports. Given the safety-critical nature of SATS, its analysis accuracy is extremely important. However, the commonly used analysis techniques, like simulation and traditional model checking, do not ascertain a complete verification of SATS due to the wide range of possibilities involved in SATS or the inability to capture the randomized and unpredictable aspects of the SATS ConOps environment in their models. To overcome these limitations, we propose to formulate the SATS ConOps as a fully synchronous and probabilistic model, i.e., SATS-SMA, that supports simultaneously moving aircraft. The distinguishing features of our work include the preservation of safety of aircraft while improving throughput at the airport. Important insights related to take-off and landing operations during the Instrument Meteorological Conditions IMC are also presented.

PHEWnA: An expert system framework for children health care and awareness

Abstract: This paper presents the work of developing a framework for expert systems of health self-assessment and education targeting children. The framework is called the Personal Health Early Warning and Awareness (PHEWnA). The concept of operation of PHEWnA is that it acts as a common ground for interaction between three parties: software developers, physicians and users. A set of health-related expert systems can be developed and run under that framework. An expert system under that framework, which is a diabetes self-assessment system, is reported. The set of rules of this system is presented. The diabetes self-assessment system is introduced in the forms of web and mobile applications.

Conceptual Design of a Connected Vehicle Wrong-Way Driving Detection and Management System

Abstract: This report describes the tasks completed to develop a concept of operations, functional requirements, and high-level system design for a Connected Vehicle (CV) Wrong-Way Driving (WWD) Detection and Management System. This system was designed to detect wrong-way vehicles, notify the traffic management entities and law enforcement personnel, and alert affected travelers. To accomplish the project goals, the research team reviewed the state of the practice regarding intelligent transportation systems and CV technologies being applied as WWD countermeasures and the WWD crash trends in Texas from 2010 to 2014. The research team also identified the user needs associated with the implementation of a CV WWD system and preliminary ways to connect with law enforcement. The research team conducted one-on-one surveys to assess motorist understanding of wrong-way driver warning messages that were designed to be displayed on dynamic message signs. The research team also investigated the use of roadside alert (RSA) messages to provide warning to CVs about approaching wrong-way drivers. The research team recommended the development of a proof-of-concept test bed at an off-roadway location before implementing a model field deployment of the system on an actual roadway in Texas. The purpose of the test bed is to provide an offline location for the research team to test and fine-tune the system components and operations prior to installing them on the open roadway. A need also exists to conduct additional human factors studies to determine motorist needs, comprehension, and interpretations of RSA data elements in a WWD context. It is also important to understand how motorists will respond to the information contained in potential RSAs. The lessons learned from the deployment in the test bed environment would be used by the research team to determine the design considerations for a model field deployment of the system.

Geographic Information System Concept of Operations as a First Step Toward Total Enterprise Asset Management: Metro-North Commuter Railroad Case Study:

Abstract: For this enterprise geographic information system (GIS), Metro-North Commuter Railroad Company adopted the concept of operations (ConOps) process to define goals and objectives, inventory existing GIS assets, analyze data gaps, determine “as is” and “to be” business processes, define staffing and resource requirements and project initiatives, and provide a road map for a comprehensive, companywide GIS deployment In contrast to the top-down approach typically employed in total enterprise asset management (TEAM) planning, Metro-North used a dynamic grassroots approach, holding 14 workshops, which were attended by 92 employees and were designed to collect GIS goals and objectives The 122 goals generated from this process were distilled into eight companywide goals These goals included increased efficiency, data sharing, and decision support Initiatives were developed for five critical business areas that had the potential for demonstrating how enterprise GIS could help Metro-North accomplish its companyw

ConOps for the Tactical Guidance of RPAS by ATC

Abstract: This document describes a concept of operation for the tactical guidance of an RPAS by air traffic controllers for selected scenarios. The goal is to give a most flexible guideline how RPAS can be integrated in the existing ATM environment and how they can be treated by ATC including aerodrome control as well as approach / area control. To provide a complete picture, the provision of (aerodrome) flight information service in an uncontrolled environment is also considered as these services are very close to ATC. The effects, constraints and procedures related to segregated airspaces are also included. After considering and analyzing all existing ATC tasks and procedures, operational needs for the safe and realistic RPAS integration are derived. On the other hand, this document provides a collection of procedures and/or modifications to the existing ATM environment to enable non-segregated RPAS operations or enhance segregated RPAS operations. Regular and emergency situations are considered.

Using model based systems engineering for the development of the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope's operational plan

Abstract: We† provide an overview of the Model Based Systems Engineering (MBSE) language, tool, and methodology being used in our development of the Operational Plan for Large Synoptic Survey Telescope (LSST) operations. LSST’s Systems Engineering (SE) team is using a model-based approach to operational plan development to: 1) capture the topdown stakeholders’ needs and functional allocations defining the scope, required tasks, and personnel needed for operations, and 2) capture the bottom-up operations and maintenance activities required to conduct the LSST survey across its distributed operations sites for the full ten year survey duration. To accomplish these complimentary goals and ensure that they result in self-consistent results, we have developed a holistic approach using the Sparx Enterprise Architect modeling tool and Systems Modeling Language (SysML). This approach utilizes SysML Use Cases, Actors, associated relationships, and Activity Diagrams to document and refine all of the major operations and maintenance activities that will be required to successfully operate the observatory and meet stakeholder expectations. We have developed several customized extensions of the SysML language including the creation of a custom stereotyped Use Case element with unique tagged values, as well as unique association connectors and Actor stereotypes. We demonstrate this customized MBSE methodology enables us to define: 1) the rolls each human Actor must take on to successfully carry out the activities associated with the Use Cases; 2) the skills each Actor must possess; 3) the functional allocation of all required stakeholder activities and Use Cases to organizational entities tasked with carrying them out; and 4) the organization structure required to successfully execute the operational survey. Our approach allows for continual refinement utilizing the systems engineering spiral method to expose finer levels of detail as necessary. For example, the bottom-up, Use Case-driven approach will be deployed in the future to develop the detailed work procedures required to successfully execute each operational activity.

Atmospheric effects on long stand-off HSI applications

Abstract: Hyperspectral Imaging (HSI) is finding utility in many new areas, such as environmental and agricultural monitoring, medicine and food technology, industrial inspection, land management, and defense usage, due to its ability to simultaneously collect both spatial and spectral information. Within the tropical environment the utility of HSI has been demonstrated through various rain forest and coastal environmental programs. System performance for all HSI systems is influenced by many factors, including environmental conditions, operational usage, internal system composition and the processing chain. Truly optimizing this performance requires an understanding of the operational conditions under which each system will perform. One of the key factors affecting system performance, especially at long stand-off ranges, is the atmospheric effects. This paper presents analytical results demonstrating the effects of atmospheric conditions on long stand-off airborne HSI systems based on a Raytheon developed performance model for estimating System performance. This end-to-end System Performance Model is especially designed for long stand-off airborne detection with large off-nadir viewing angles. It takes into account most of the components within the entire imaging chain. The model divides the end-to-end imaging chain into three parts: the environmental component, the Concept of Operations (CONOPS), and the imaging system effects. The environmental component includes solar illumination, reflectance of materials on the ground, scattering, and atmospheric transmittance. The system component includes the effects of system noise and throughput. The CONOPS accounts for the various operating conditions best suited for long stand-off detection. The analytical results presented in this paper provide details on the influence of the atmospheric conditions, including tropical conditions, on NESR and SNR performance in a Spot Mode CONOPS for a HSI system based on the end-to-end System Performance Model. These results are based on continued work developed from the “Long stand-off Performance Modelling of HSI Airborne Imaging Systems”.

Connected vehicle pilot deployment program phase 1, participant training and education plan – ICF/Wyoming.

Abstract: The Wyoming Department of Transportation’s (WYDOT) Connected Vehicle (CV) Pilot Deployment Program is intended to develop a suite of applications that utilize vehicle to infrastructure (V2I) and vehicle to vehicle (V2V) communication technology to reduce the impact of adverse weather on truck travel in the Interstate-80 (I-80) corridor These applications support a flexible range of services from advisories, roadside alerts, parking notifications and dynamic travel guidance Information from these applications are made available directly to the equipped fleets or through data connections to fleet management centers (who will then communicate it to their trucks using their own systems) The pilot will be conducted in three Phases Phase 1 includes the planning for the CV pilot including the concept of operations development Phase 2 is the design, development, and testing phase Phase 3 includes a real-world demonstration of the applications developed as part of this pilot This document is an overview of the training and education (T&E) activities that will be utilized in this pilot As such, it identifies and describes the needs and approaches that will be used to train various users of the WYDOT CV-Pilot Demonstration Users include drivers of various equipped vehicles, back-office personnel at WYDOT and fleet management centers, other agency personnel who will be involved in the maintenance and operations of the pilot system components

Model Based Safety Assessment of Concept of Operations for Drones

Abstract: Résumé Nous proposons d’utiliser l’évaluation de sécurité fondée sur les modèles afin d’assister l’analyse des risques des scénarios d’utilisation de drones. Cette analyse de risque permet d’allouer des exigences de sécurité aux acteurs et aux systèmes impliqués dans l’usage des drones. L’approche a été appliquée pour analyser plusieurs scénarios définis par le projet MIDCAS qui vise à gérer les risques de collision entre un drone et d’autres aéronefs dans l’espace aérien.

Traffic Management for Small Unmanned Aerial Systems (sUAS): Towards the Development of a Concept of Operations and System Architecture

Abstract: Within the past few years, civilian demand for small unmanned aerial systems (sUAS), commonly referred to as drones, has skyrocketed. The passage of the FAA Modernization and Reform Act in 2012 acknowledged this fact, and has since prompted expedited research and development for civilian sUAS. As proposed at a recent NASA Convention, central to the safe and efficient operations of sUAS will be an unmanned aerial traffic management (UTM) system. Such a UTM system will borrow fundamental ideas from large-scale air-traffic control, albeit with several key differences that provide for sUAS which vary in method of control, maneuverability, function, range, and operational constraints. Ultimately, an expansion of UTM infrastructure, a decentralization of governing authority over sUAS operations, and the establishment of a web-interface for pilots to submit flight plans and access crucial data will allow for sUAS operations to shift from being a science-fiction gimmick to an element of daily life. The major objectives of this paper are to: 1) define what a UTM system is; 2) describe how sUAS pilots would use a typical UTM system to plan flights; 3) identify who has authority over UTM systems; and 4) determine what physical architecture is required in a UTM system which handles a large variety of sUAS, including those operated beyond visual line-of-sight.

Building emergency public information structures for response: Lessons learned from New York City.

Abstract: For an effective response, emergency public information operations should be structured to facilitate the provision of timely, accurate, accessible information to the public. A frequent challenge in building a public information structure is identifying the potential staff to allow the operation to get big enough, fast enough. A plan for managing public information operations should define roles to fulfil basic functions (responding to media enquiries, writing materials, disseminating information, media and social media monitoring, community engagement and identifying and addressing rumours). This paper will offer tips for developing a plan and concept of operations for quickly assembling and maintaining public information operations. It will also describe the public information principles implemented during recent incidents in New York City, including the 2015 visit of Pope Francis to New York City. Having a coordinated, flexible model; a trained network of public information officers who are ready to staff public information roles as needed; and a structure that embeds social media into overall public information operations, will leave public information officers and their organisations more prepared to deal with the challenges and opportunities of communicating with the public during emergencies of varying types and sizes.