Showing papers on "Conductive polymer published in 1984"

Gravimetric Electrochemical Voltage Spectroscopy: In Situ Mass Measurements during Electrochemical Doping of the Conducting Polymer Polypyrrole

Abstract: A new technique is described for direct measurement of mass changes of a conducting polymer electrode during electrochemical cycling. A quartz microbalance is used, with one of its contacts serving as the working electrode. Its high sensitivity permits resolution of mass changes less than 100 ng/${\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$. The results demonstrate that on reduction of poly(pyrrole perchlorate), charge compensation is achieved by diffusion of the lithium cation into the polymer and not the perchlorate anion into solution.

Preparation and Properties of Conducting Heterocyclic Polymer Films by Chemical Method

Abstract: Heterocyclic conducting polymer films are prepared by the oxidative cationic polymerization of thiophene, pyrrole and furan. Electrical and optical properties of these polymer films are similar to those using electrochemically prepared polythiophene, polypyrrole and polyfuran.

A new series of conducting polymers with layered structure: Polypyrrole n-alkylsulfates and n-alkylsulfonates

Abstract: Les polymeres obtenus par voie electrochimique sont stables mecaniquement et a l'environnement

Conductivity anisotropy in oriented poly(p-phenylene vinylene)

Abstract: The study of charge transport mechanisms in highly conjugated conducting polymers has historically been hampered by the complex and invariant morphologies of the best conductors We have prepared amorphous and uniaxially oriented films of poly(p-phenylene vinylene) (PPV) which exhibit a large conductivity anisotropy proportional to the degree of molecular orientation The conductivity of the AsF5 doped PPV, together with wide angle x-ray and IR characterization of these samples is reported

The effect of compounding on the conductive properties of EMI shielding compounds

Abstract: Conductive fillers are currently being evaluated for their ability to produce conductive plastic parts which shield electromagnetic interference (EMI). These fillers all have a geometrical characteristic to them which makes them susceptible to damage during compounding and processing. In this paper the effects of compounding and processing on the electrical properties of compounds produced from a variety of conductive fillers are presented. These fillers include carbon black, carbon fibers, aluminum-coated glass fibers, stainless steel fibers, and aluminum flakes. Thermoplastic polymers were used as matrices in the preparation of the conductive compounds. This study shows that a balance must be reached between dispersive mixing requirements and minimizing damage to the filler particles.

Electrochemical polymerization of pyrrole on polymer-coated electrodes

Abstract: The electrochemical polymerization of pyrrole on an electrode coated with an insulating polymer film produces electrically conducting polymer alloys of the insulating polymer and polypyrrole.

Some properties of polypyrrole-paper composites

Abstract: It is shown that porous materials such as paper can be impregnated with a conducting polymer by first soaking the paper in a solution of metal salt which acts as an initiator for subsequent polymerization. By using this procedure the conductivity of filter paper can be raised to as high as 2 (ohm cm)−1 for an FeCl3/H20/pyrrole combination. The role of the metal ion is discussea and it is pointed out that the impregnated papers exhibit both ionic and electronic conductivity. The polypyrrole paper composites exhibit some properties similar to carbon black-polymer composites.

An Investigation of the Effect of Carbon Black Structure, Polymer Morphology, and Processing History on the Electrical Conductivity of Carbon‐Black‐Filled Thermoplastics

Abstract: The electrical conductivity of carbon‐black‐filled composites depends on the structure of the carbon black, the morphology of the polymer, and the processing history of the composite. For identical processing conditions highly porous carbon blacks produce more conductive composites at lower filler loadings than structured blacks. Moreover, porous carbon black composites are less sensitive to processing history than structural blacks. The greater the degree of internal phase segregation produced during polymer solidification, the lower the resistivity of the resulting composite. Electrically conductive carbon‐black‐filled composites can be produced with resistivities low enough to provide 30 dB of electromagnetic interference shielding attenuation. The shielding attenuation‐volume‐resistivity relationship appears to follow predictions based on plane wave analysis when the samples are tested under plane wave radiation conditions.

Quantum chemistry of polymers--solid state aspects

Abstract: Towards Specific AB Initio Programs for Polymer Calculations.- Theoretical Interpretation of Valence XPS Spectra of Stereoregular Organic Polymers.- AB Initio Studies on the Structure and Phonon Spectra of Simple Polymers.- Theory of Excitons in Organic Solids.- Theory of the Electronic Structure and Optical Properties of Organic Solids: Collective Effects.- Calculation of the Mechanical and Optical Properties of Polyethylene Including Electron Correlation Effects.- Synthesis and Properties of Conducting Bridged Macro-Cyclic Metal Complexes.- Carrier Generation, Recombination, and Transport in Organic Crystals.- Electrical Transport Properties of Polyacetylene and Related Compounds.- The Preparation and Properties of Ordered and Disordered Diacetylene Polymers.- Doped Conjugated Polymers: Theory and Experiment.- Resonant Interaction Between Laser Pulses and Surface Layers.- Energy Transfer and Molecular Weight Effects on Polymer Luminescence.- Calculational Methods for Disordered Quasi-One-Dimensional Systems.- Effect of Local Perturbations on the Electronic Structure of Organic Polymers.- Electronic Localization and Delocalization in Organic Metals and Semiconductors.- Electronic Structure of Highly Conducting Polymers and Biopolymers Solid State Aspects.- Large Scale AB Initio Band Structure Calculations of Polynucleotides and Polypeptides.- Index of Authors.- Index of Subjects.

Molecular weight determination of pyrrole-based polymers

Abstract: The first molecular weight determination for a pyrrole based conducting polymer indicates that poly(β,β′-dimethylpyrrole) consists of chains of up to ca. 1000 pyrrole units.

Electrically conducting polymer film and method of manufacturing the same

Abstract: An electrically conducting polymer film comprising an insulating polymer film and an electrically conducting aromatic polymer layer formed at least partially in the insulating polymer film by electrochemical polymerization, wherein the insulating polymer film comprises a polymer film having at least two laminated layers.

Synthesis of Highly Conducting Heterocyclic F'olycarbazoles by Simultaneous Polymerization and Doping In Liquid Iodine

Abstract: Electrically conducting iodine complexes of homopolymers and copolymers of poly(N-akyl-3,3 ‘carbazolyl) are prepared by simultaneous polymerization and doping of N-akyl- and dihalo-derivatives of carbazole in liquid iodine. This represents a direct one-step chemical method of preparing doped conducting polymers from the monomers and dopants analogous to the electrochemical synthetic technique. The amorphous black polymer complexes are stable in air and can be melt cast into films with conductivity in the range 10−-3 to 1 ohm−1cm−1. Preliminary results of Thermal Analysis, FTIR Spectroscopy, and Gel Permeation Chromatography have provided insights into the mechanism and kinetics of polymerization and polymer structures. X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) data has provided evidence of transfer of charge from the carbazole unit in the polymer complexes.

Preparation of a Variety of Polymeric Conductors from Diacetylenes

Abstract: Several different structures of conducting polymers have been synthesized from diacetylenes including non-substituted one, i.e. butadiyne (BDy). Semiconducting polymer single crystals were...

Polymer blends for use in photoelectrochemical cells for conversion of solar energy to electricity

Abstract: There is disclosed a polymer blend of a highly conductive polymer and a solid polymer electrolyte that is designed to achieve better charge transfer across the conductive film/polymer electrolyte interface of the electrochemical photovoltaic cell. The highly conductive polymer is preferably polypyrrole or poly-N-p-nitrophenylpyrrole and the solid polymer electrolyte is preferably polyethylene oxide or polypropylene oxide.

Preparation of an electrically conducting polymer by the electrolytic polymerization of N-vinylcarbazole

Abstract: The controlled-potential anodic oxidation of N-vinylcarbazole in dichloromethane with tetra-n- butylammonium perchlorate as the supporting electrolyte deposited an electrically conducting polymer on the surface of the electrode; the polymer exhibits a room temperature conductivity of ca.1 × 10–6 S cm–1.

Composites of conducting polymers: polyacetylene–polypyrrole

Abstract: Electropolymerization of pyrrole onto polyacetylene (pac) gives conducting composites the morphology of which depends in the initial doping state of the pac.

Stretched piezoelectric polymer coaxial cable

Abstract: A piezoelectric coaxial cable comprises a conductive polymer core comprising a high molecular weight polymeric material having conductive particles dispersed therein, a piezoelectric polymer layer surrounding the conductive polymer core, and an outer conductor surrounding the piezoelectric polymer layer. The high molecular weight polymeric material of the conductive polymer core comprises a polymer capable of being intimately bonded to the piezoelectric polymer.

Conductive polymers and devices containing them

Abstract: The properties of conductive polymer compositions, especially PTC compositions, are improved by incorporating therein a thermally conductive filler, preferably a filler of high aspect ratio, eg crystalline graphite Self-limiting heaters hav­ ing greatly increased power can be produced through use of these compositions

Rechargeable solid polymer electrolyte battery cell

Abstract: A rechargeable battery cell comprising first and second electrodes sandwiching a solid polymer electrolyte comprising a layer of a polymer blend of a highly conductive polymer and a solid polymer electrolyte adjacent said polymer blend and a layer of dry solid polymer electrolyte adjacent said layer of polymer blend and said second electrode.

Method of producing conductive plastics

Abstract: Conductive plastic parts having defined electrical properties within a relatively narrow range are produced by controlling the dosage relationship between a given plastic and a conductive material, such as long-chain conductive lampblack, as a function of an electrical value (i.e., surface resistance) measured at an extruded admixture of the plastic and conductive materials, rather than by a gravimetrical or volumetrical relation.

The State of Order and The Relevance of Phase Transitions in Conducting Polymers

Abstract: Highly conducting polymers exhibit a salt like structure in which positive or negative charges are located on the polymer backbone and are counterbalanced by gegenions whose main role is to provide electroneutrality of the system. The electric conductivity is a property of the sublattice build by the charged segments of the polymer. The polymeric salt structure is formed via a redox-reaction from the initially insulating non-polar precursor polymer. The so-called doping of polymers is thus understood as a heterogeneous chemical reaction with simultaneous change of phase. Examples are given from the area of polypyrrole where new systems with layered structures are described; recent results on the crystal structure of poly(acetylene hexafluoroantimonate) and the preparation of highly oriented polyacetylene are reported. Similarly, the structure and redox chemistry of poly(phthalocyaninatosiloxane) is described as an other example for the above mentioned ideas.

Synthesis of soluble conducting polymers: polyacetylenes and polyromatics

Abstract: Soluble polyacetylene and some of its derivatives and soluble polyaromatics have been synthesized by exposure of the monomer, in an arsenic trifluoride solution, to aresenic pentafluoride gas, at temperatures varying between room temperature and –90 °C; and instantaneous polymerizations is observed, and the obtained polymers are completely soluble in acetone, methylene dichloride, or tetrahydrofuran.

Novel composites of an ionic conducting polymer and an electronic conducting polymer

Abstract: Novel composite conductors are provided comprising interpenetrating networks of a continuous electronic conducting material and a continuous ionic conducting material. Also provided is a method of producing films of the same.

Manufacture of a plastic material

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing a conductive plastic, which consists of a polymer alloy. According to the invention, a polar or non-polar insulating polymer and a polar or non-polar conductive polymer are used to form the polymer alloy. The two polymers are mixed with one another in such a way that they are completely homogeneously distributed within the polymer alloy.

Electrical devices comprising conductive polymers exhibiting ptc characteristics

Abstract: Conductive polymer compositions which exhibit PTC behavior and which are useful, for example, in heating mammals and for other uses in which the surface of the heater must be maintained at a relatively low temperature. Preferred compositions comprise carbon black (or other particulate conductive filler) dispersed in a crosslinked polymer component comprising a cycloolefin polymer having a crystallinity of at least 5% and a melting point in the range 0°C to 80°C.