Showing papers on "Conductive polymer published in 2022"

Solution-processable, soft, self-adhesive, and conductive polymer composites for soft electronics

Abstract: Soft electronics are rising electronic technologies towards applications spanning from healthcare monitoring to medical implants. However, poor adhesion strength and significant mechanical mismatches inevitably cause the interface failure of devices. Herein we report a self-adhesive conductive polymer that possesses low modulus (56.1-401.9 kPa), high stretchability (700%), high interfacial adhesion (lap-shear strength >1.2 MPa), and high conductivity (1-37 S/cm). The self-adhesive conductive polymer is fabricated by doping the poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene): poly(styrene sulfonate) composite with a supramolecular solvent (β-cyclodextrin and citric acid). We demonstrated the solution process-based fabrication of self-adhesive conductive polymer-based electrodes for various soft devices, including alternating current electroluminescent devices, electromyography monitoring, and an integrated system for the visualization of electromyography signals during muscle training with an array of alternating current electroluminescent devices. The self-adhesive conductive polymer-based electronics show promising features to further develop wearable and comfortable bioelectronic devices with the physiological electric signals of the human body readable and displayable during daily activities.

Solution-processable, soft, self-adhesive, and conductive polymer composites for soft electronics

Abstract: Soft electronics are rising electronic technologies towards applications spanning from healthcare monitoring to medical implants. However, poor adhesion strength and significant mechanical mismatches inevitably cause the interface failure of devices. Herein we report a self-adhesive conductive polymer that possesses low modulus (56.1-401.9 kPa), high stretchability (700%), high interfacial adhesion (lap-shear strength >1.2 MPa), and high conductivity (1-37 S/cm). The self-adhesive conductive polymer is fabricated by doping the poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene): poly(styrene sulfonate) composite with a supramolecular solvent (β-cyclodextrin and citric acid). We demonstrated the solution process-based fabrication of self-adhesive conductive polymer-based electrodes for various soft devices, including alternating current electroluminescent devices, electromyography monitoring, and an integrated system for the visualization of electromyography signals during muscle training with an array of alternating current electroluminescent devices. The self-adhesive conductive polymer-based electronics show promising features to further develop wearable and comfortable bioelectronic devices with the physiological electric signals of the human body readable and displayable during daily activities.

Highly Conducting and Stretchable Double‐Network Hydrogel for Soft Bioelectronics

Abstract: Conducting polymer hydrogels are promising materials in soft bioelectronics because of their tissue‐like mechanical properties and the capability of electrical interaction with tissues. However, it is challenging to balance electrical conductivity and mechanical stretchability: pure conducting polymer hydrogels are highly conductive, but they are brittle; while incorporating the conducting network with a soft network to form a double network can improve the stretchability, its electrical conductivity significantly decreases. Here, the problem is addressed by concentrating a poorly crosslinked precursor hydrogel with a high content ratio of the conducting polymer to achieve a densified double‐network hydrogel (5.5 wt% conducting polymer), exhibiting both high electrical conductivity (≈10 S cm–1) and a large fracture strain (≈150%), in addition to high biocompatibility, tissue‐like softness, low swelling ratio, and desired electrochemical properties for bioelectronics. A surface grafting method is further used to form an adhesive layer on the conducting hydrogel, enabling robust and rapid bonding on the tissues. Furthermore, the proposed hydrogel is applied to show high‐quality physiological signal recording and reliable, low‐voltage electrical stimulation based on an in vivo rat model. This method provides an ideal strategy for rapid and reliable tissue‐device integration with high‐quality electrical communications.

Ultra-high electrical conductivity in filler-free polymeric hydrogels toward thermoelectrics and electromagnetic interference shielding.

Abstract: xxxx. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

Overview of MXene/conducting polymer composites for supercapacitors

Abstract: Both MXene and conducting polymers are hot research topics on electrode materials for supercapacitors (SCs). The combination of these two different types of materials can solve the defects that exist when they are used as electrode materials alone. Based on theoretical capacity, specific surface area, mass load, flexibility and excellent mechanical properties, MXene/conducting polymers composites demonstrate their potential to become advanced electrode materials. In order to further illustrate the changes brought about by these composites, a large number of examples of MXene/conducting polymers as electrodes are described in details. In general, this review covers the latest developments in the study of SCs based on MXene/conducting polymers composites, including materials preparation, electrode materials, symmetrical supercapacitors (SSCs) and asymmetrical supercapacitors (ASCs). This article aims to understand the application of MXene/conducting polymers composites in the research of SCs, and provides a guideline for further research of these promising materials.

A Highly Conducting Polymer for Self‐Healable, Printable, and Stretchable Organic Electrochemical Transistor Arrays and Near Hysteresis‐Free Soft Tactile Sensors

Abstract: A stretchable and self‐healable conductive material with high conductivity is critical to high‐performance wearable electronics and integrated devices for applications where large mechanical deformation is involved. While there has been great progress in developing stretchable and self‐healable conducting materials, it remains challenging to concurrently maintain and recover such functionalities before and after healing. Here, a highly stretchable and autonomic self‐healable conducting film consisting of a conducting polymer (poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate), PEDOT:PSS) and a soft‐polymer (poly(2‐acrylamido‐2‐methyl‐1‐propanesulfonic acid), PAAMPSA) is reported. The optimal film exhibits outstanding stretchability as high as 630% and high electrical conductivity of 320 S cm−1, while possessing the ability to repair both mechanical and electrical breakdowns when undergoing severe damage at ambient conditions. This polymer composite film is further utilized in a tactile sensor, which exhibits good pressure sensitivity of 164.5 kPa−1, near hysteresis‐free, an ultrafast response time of 19 ms, and excellent endurance over 1500 consecutive presses. Additionally, an integrated 5 × 4 stretchable and self‐healable organic electrochemical transistor (OECT) array with great device performance is successfully demonstrated. The developed stretchable and autonomic self‐healable conducting film significantly increases the practicality and shelf life of wearable electronics, which in turn, reduces maintenance costs and build‐up of electronic waste.

Recent Progress on Self‐Healable Conducting Polymers

Abstract: Materials able to regenerate after damage have been the object of investigation since the ancient times. For instance, self-healing concretes, able to resist earthquakes, aging, weather, and seawater have been known since the times of ancient Rome and are still the object of research. During the last decade, there has been an increasing interest in self-healing electronic materials, for applications in electronic skin (E-skin) for health monitoring, wearable and stretchable sensors, actuators, transistors, energy harvesting, and storage devices. Self-healing materials based on conducting polymers are particularly attractive due to their tunable high conductivity, good stability, intrinsic flexibility, excellent processability and biocompatibility. Here recent developments are reviewed in the field of self-healing electronic materials based on conducting polymers, such as poly 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene (PEDOT), polypyrrole (PPy), and polyaniline (PANI). The different types of healing, the strategies adopted to optimize electrical and mechanical properties, and the various possible healing mechanisms are introduced. Finally, the main challenges and perspectives in the field are discussed.

Electrochemically Deposited Molecularly Imprinted Polymer-Based Sensors

Abstract: This review is dedicated to the development of molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) and the application of MIPs in sensor design. MIP-based biological recognition parts can replace receptors or antibodies, which are rather expensive. Conducting polymers show unique properties that are applicable in sensor design. Therefore, MIP-based conducting polymers, including polypyrrole, polythiophene, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene), polyaniline and ortho-phenylenediamine are frequently applied in sensor design. Some other materials that can be molecularly imprinted are also overviewed in this review. Among many imprintable materials conducting polymer, polypyrrole is one of the most suitable for molecular imprinting of various targets ranging from small organics up to rather large proteins. Some attention in this review is dedicated to overview methods applied to design MIP-based sensing structures. Some attention is dedicated to the physicochemical methods applied for the transduction of analytical signals. Expected new trends and horizons in the application of MIP-based structures are also discussed.

Flexible Sensors Based on Conductive Polymers

Abstract: Conductive polymers have attracted wide attention since their discovery due to their unique properties such as good electrical conductivity, thermal and chemical stability, and low cost. With different possibilities of preparation and deposition on surfaces, they present unique and tunable structures. Because of the ease of incorporating different elements to form composite materials, conductive polymers have been widely used in a plethora of applications. Their inherent mechanical tolerance limit makes them ideal for flexible devices, such as electrodes for batteries, artificial muscles, organic electronics, and sensors. As the demand for the next generation of (wearable) personal and flexible sensing devices is increasing, this review aims to discuss and summarize the recent manufacturing advances made on flexible electrochemical sensors.

Advances in Cell-Conductive Polymer Biointerfaces and Role of the Plasma Membrane.

Abstract: The plasma membrane (PM) is often described as a wall, a physical barrier separating the cell cytoplasm from the extracellular matrix (ECM). Yet, this wall is a highly dynamic structure that can stretch, bend, and bud, allowing cells to respond and adapt to their surrounding environment. Inspired by shapes and geometries found in the biological world and exploiting the intrinsic properties of conductive polymers (CPs), several biomimetic strategies based on substrate dimensionality have been tailored in order to optimize the cell-chip coupling. Furthermore, device biofunctionalization through the use of ECM proteins or lipid bilayers have proven successful approaches to further maximize interfacial interactions. As the bio-electronic field aims at narrowing the gap between the electronic and the biological world, the possibility of effectively disguising conductive materials to "trick" cells to recognize artificial devices as part of their biological environment is a promising approach on the road to the seamless platform integration with cells.