Conductive polymer

About: Conductive polymer is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 21817 publications have been published within this topic receiving 692491 citations. The topic is also known as: intrinsically conducting polymer & ICP.

Quartz Crystal Microbalance Study: Ionic Motion Across Conducting Polymers

Abstract: In situ monitoring of mass change was performed during electrochemical growth and redox cycling of a conducting polymer(polypyrrole) on a quartz crystal microbalance. For the polypyrrole films grown with large polymeric anions(poly(4-styrenesulfonate) and polyvinylsulfonate), mostly cations and solvent molecules were inserted and removed to compensate charge in polypyrrole. The films formed with medium-sized anions (tosylate) showed both apparent anion and cation motion during the redox process. The films prepared in the presence of small anions (ClO 4 − and BF 4 − ) showed mostly anion motion, but apparent cation motion also became significant for higher oxidation and/or reduction state

Adsorbed surfactants as templates for the synthesis of morphologically controlled polyaniline and polypyrrole nanostructures on flat surfaces: from spheres to wires to flat films.

Abstract: Nanostructures of polyaniline (PAni) and polypyrrole (PPy) with controlled morphologies have been synthesized on atomically flat surfaces using adsorbed surfactant molecules as templates. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) has been used to investigate polymer film formation on highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) and chemically modified HOPG. Morphological control over the resulting polymer film is possible by the addition of coadsorbing molecules, manipulation of the length of the surfactant hydrophobe, or by changing the surface chemistry of the adsorbing substrate. Phase transitions between spheres, cylinders/wires, and featureless films have been observed which exactly parallel transitions between spheres, cylinders, and flat layers in the adsorbed surfactant. Parallel arrays of PAni nanowires can be synthesized with alignment evident over large areas in a simple self-assembly technique in which fabrication and arrangement take place simultaneously. Such a technique in which one can engineer sub-100-nm-ordered nanoscale pi-conjugated polymer structures of a desired shape by a simple self-assembly process presents potential as templates, sensors, and microelectronic devices.

Anode modification in organic light-emitting diodes by low-frequency plasma polymerization of CHF3

Abstract: Plasma polymerization of CHF3 at low frequencies was utilized for anode modification in organic light-emitting diodes. The polymerized fluorocarbon films have a high ionization potential and a relatively low resistivity. The devices with a polymer-coated anode of indium–tin–oxide exhibited enhanced hole injection and superior operational stability.

Semiconducting polymers: chemistry, physics and engineering

Abstract: Foreword. Preface. List of Contributors. VOLUME 1. Synthetic Methods. 1 Synthetic Methods for Semiconducting Polymers (Alberto Bolognesi and Maria Cecilia Pasini). 1.1 Introduction and Overview. 1.2 Synthetic Pathways for PA. 1.3 Conjugated Polymers by Step-Growth Polymerizations. 1.4 Block Copolymers. 1.5 Towards Autoorganized Devices. References. 2 Processable Semiconducting Polymers Containing Oligoconjugated Blocks (Joannis K. Kallitsis, Panagiotis K. Tsolakis, and Aikaterini K. Andreopoulou). 2.1 Introduction. 2.2 Rod-Coil Block Copolymers. 2.3 Alternating Conjugated-Nonconjugated Polymers. References. Structure/Morphology. 3 Interfacial Aspects of Semiconducting Polymer Devices (Richard A. L. Jones). 3.1 Introduction. 3.2 Some Basics of Polymer Blend Thermodynamics and Dynamics. 3.3 Surface Segregation, Surface-driven Phase Separation, Wetting and Self-Stratification. 3.4 Morphology in Thin Films of Semiconducting Polymer Blends. 3.5 Surface Segregation in Polymer-doped Conducting Polymers. 3.6 Interface Structure. 3.7 Conclusions. References. Electronic Structure of Interfaces. 4 Electronic Structure of Surfaces and Interfaces in Conjugated Polymers (Michael Logdlund, Mats Fahlman, Stina K.M. Jonsson, and William R. Salaneck). 4.1 Introduction. 4.2 Photoelectron Spectroscopy. 4.3 Theoretical Approaches. 4.4 Materials. 4.5 Charge Storage States in Conjugated Polymers. 4.6 Interface Formations in Conjugated Systems. 4.7 Summary. References. Photophysics. 5 Photophysics of Conjugated Polymers (Lewis Rothberg). 5.1 Introduction and Overview. 5.2 Definitions and Terminology. 5.3 Spectroscopy. 5.4 Photophysics. 5.5 Summary. 5.6 Conclusion. References. 6 Photophysics in Semiconducting Polymers: The Case of Polyfluorenes (Christoph Gadermaier, Larry Luer, Alessio Gambetta, Tersilla Virgili, Margherita Zavelani-Rossi, and Guglielmo Lanzani). 6.1 Introduction. 6.2 Experimental. 6.3 Low-Dimensional Physics in Conjugated Chains. 6.4 Ground-State Absorption and cw Photoluminescence. 6.5 Long-Lived Photoexcitation in Polyfluorenes (PFs). 6.6 Singlet Exciton Dynamics. 6.7 On-Chain Emissive Defects. 6.8 Charged Excitations and Their Photogeneration Mechanism. 6.9 Intrachain Dynamics. 6.10 Three-Pulse Time-Resolved Experiments. 6.11 Light-Emitting-Diode-Related Dynamics in the Ultrafast Timescale. References. 7 Spectroscopy of Photoexcitations in Conjugated Polymers (Z. Valy Vardeny and Markus Wohlgenannt). 7.1 Introduction. 7.2 Experimental Methods. 7.3 Experimental Results: cw PA Spectroscopy. 7.4 Transient Pump-and-Probe Spectroscopy. 7.5 Multiple-Pulse Transient Spectroscopy. 7.6 ODMR Spectroscopy: Measurement of Spin-Dependent Polaron Recombination Rates. 7.7 Summary. References. Transport/Injection. 8 Charge Transport in Neat and Doped Random Organic Semiconductors (Vladimir I. Arkhipov, Igor I. Fishchuk, Andriy Kadashchuk, and Heinz Bassler). 8.1 Introduction. 8.2 Charge Generation. 8.3 Charge-Carrier Hopping in Noncrystalline Organic Materials. 8.4 Experimental Techniques. 8.5 Experimental Results. 8.6 Conclusions. References. 9 Charge Transport and Injection in Conjugated Polymers (Paul W.M. Blom, Cristina Tanase, and Teunis van Woudenbergh). 9.1 Introduction. 9.2 Charge Transport. 9.3 Charge Injection. References. VOLUME 2. Applications. 10 Physics of Organic Light-Emitting Diodes (Ian H. Campbell, Brian K. Crone, and Darryl L. Smith). 10.1 Introduction. 10.2 Thin Films of Organic Semiconductors. 10.3 Device Electronic Structure. 10.4 Single-Layer Devices. 10.5 Multilayer Devices. 10.6 Conclusions. References. 11 Conjugated Polymer-Based Organic Solar Cells (Gilles Dennler, Niyazi Serdar Sariciftci, and Christoph J. Brabec). 11.1 Introduction. 11.2 Conjugated Polymers as Photoexcited Donors. 11.3 Bulk-Heterojunction Solar Cells. 11.4 Determining Parameters of Bulk-Heterojunction Solar Cells. 11.5 From Basics to Applications. 11.6 Conclusions. References. 12 Organic Thin-Film Transistors (Gilles Horowitz). 12.1 Introduction. 12.2 The MISFET - A Reminder. 12.3 The Organic Transistor - What's Different? 12.4 Charge-Transport Mechanisms. 12.5 Concluding Remarks. References. 13 n-Channel Organic Transistor Semiconductors for Plastic Electronics Technologies (Howard E. Katz). 13.1 Plastic Electronics Technology and Organic Semiconductors. 13.2 n-Channel OFET Semiconductors. 13.3 Conclusion. References. 14 Photochromic Diodes (Xavier Crispin, Peter Andersson, Nathaniel D. Robinson, Yoann Olivier, Jerome Cornil, and Magnus Berggren). 14.1 Introduction. 14.2 Photochromic Molecules. 14.3 Organic Diodes. 14.4 Electronic Switches - Device Concepts. 14.5 Conclusions. References. 15 Organic/Polymeric Thin-Film Memory Devices (Yang Yang, Jianyong Ouyang, Liping Ma, Jia-Hung Tseng, and Chih-Wei Chu). 15.1 Introduction. 15.2 Review of Polymer and Organic Memory. 15.3 OMO Nanoparticle Layered Memory Devices. 15.4 Polymer-Blend Composite System. 15.5 Advanced Memory Device Architecture. 15.6 Conclusion. References. 16 Biosensors Based on Conjugated Polymers (Hoang-Anh Ho and Mario Leclerc). 16.1 Introduction. 16.2 Different Types of CPs. 16.3 Colorimetric Methods. 16.4 Fluorometric Methods. 16.5 Electrochemical Methods. 16.6 Conclusions and Perspectives. References. Processing. 17 Manufacturing of Organic Transistor Circuits by Solution-Based Printing (Henning Sirringhaus, Christoph W. Sele, Timothy von Werne, and Catherine Ramsdale). 17.1 Introduction to Printed Organic Thin-Film Transistors. 17.2 Overview of Printing-Based Manufacturing Approaches for OTFTs. 17.3 High-Resolution, Self-Aligned Inkjet Printing. 17.4 Performance and Reliability of Solution-Processed OTFTs for Applications in Flexible Displays. 17.5 Conclusions. References. 18 High-Resolution Composite Materials for Organic Electronics (Graciela Blanchet). 18.1 Introduction. 18.2 Building Blocks. 18.3 Large-Area Printing Process and Devices. 18.4 Printable Materials. 18.5 Conclusion. References. Subject Index.

Polythiophene: From Fundamental Perspectives to Applications

Abstract: The field of organic electronics has been heavily impacted by the discovery and development of π-conjugated conducting polymers. These polymers show great potential for integration into future optical and electronic devices due to their capacity to transition between semiconducting and conducting states as well as the ability to alter mechanical properties by controlled doping, chemical modification, and stacking or creating composites with other materials. Among π-conjugated polymers, polythiophene and its derivatives has been one of the most extensively studied and is widely investigated computationally and experimentally for use in electronic devices such as light-emitting diodes, water purification devices, hydrogen storage, and biosensors. Various theoretical modeling studies of polythiophene ranging from an oligothiophene approach to infinite chain lengths (periodic boundary conditions) have been undertaken to study a variety of electronic and structural properties of these polymers. In this review,...