Showing papers on "Connotation published in 2000"
TL;DR: The authors consider three basic business forms, the sole proprietor, the partnership, and the corporation, and consider whether any of these business forms provides useful models for government, and conclude that they do not.
Abstract: The common phrase, government should run like a business evokes powerful ideas: It is a mantra. This article considers the layers of connotation contained in this mantra, noting first that comparisons between government and business is a classic and constant theme in public administration. In recent literature, the theme and focus of business-government comparisons has shifted to modeling government after the market ideas of business. This article adds to this discussion by considering formal constitutive factors present in three basic business forms—the sole proprietor, the partnership, and the corporation. The article further asks whether any of these business forms provides useful models for government. A fundamental concern is conceptualizing government within the context of America’s business mythology that echoes in the mantra, “government should run like a business.”
47 citations
01 Jan 2000
TL;DR: The hierarchical clustering solution for the anterior-lesioned group shows a relatively clean discrimination between human and nonhuman terms except that the concept dog is not seen as belonging particularly well to either the human or the nonhuman cluster.
Abstract: Publisher Summary The denotation of a word or concept is typically considered as its literal or dictionary meaning. The connotation, usually is more broadly construed, often in the emotive aspects. The contrast between denotation and connotation is expressed largely in terms of the degree of generality. The aphasic patient groups perform quite differently. The anterior lesioned group's average results represent denotative meaning distinctions less clearly than connotative and less constrained associations. The hierarchical clustering solution for the anterior-lesioned group shows a relatively clean discrimination between human and nonhuman terms except that the concept dog is not seen as belonging particularly well to either the human or the nonhuman cluster. In contrast, on receipt of a word, the right hemisphere characteristically generates diffuse activation related to the word's semantic content, including even weakly associated connotative components. This diffuse activation of both closely and distantly associated concepts is one central claim of Beeman's model. Invoking an underspecified neurological framework for any cognitive task often results in a dangerously powerful account.
24 citations
Journal Article•
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigate the relationship between mobility and accessibility and find that planning policies that favour mobility, especially when excessive, can have a negative connotation, whereas accessibility is always seen as making a positive contribution to a community.
Abstract: The concepts 'accessibility' and 'mobility' are central to urban and transport planning, and although they are often used interchangeably, they convey fundamentally different concepts. For example, mobility, especially when excessive, can have a negative connotation, whereas accessibility is always seen as making a positive contribution to a community. In investigating the relationship between mobility and accessibility it emerges that planning policies which favour the one, act against the other, and the two can be seen as opposites.
19 citations
Journal Article•
TL;DR: The authors reviewed the use of the term social cohesion and investigated what is meant when either the presence or absence of social cohesion is defined as a social problem and concluded that a relational model of social relationships can be a more fruitful way to address community than the approaches currently predominant in the Dutch academic debate.
Abstract: The attention devoted to social cohesion as a central theme in the Dutch social sciences is an example of how Dutch sociologists are influenced by and constantly influence the public debate. Although the term social cohesion has become increasingly popular, its usefulness as a conceptual tool is rarely a topic of discussion. Apparently, social cohesion sounds less normative than community. Perhaps its popularity can be explained by its neutral connotation rather than its analytical power. This paper critically reviews the use of the term and investigates what is meant when either the presence or absence of social cohesion is defined as a social problem. There is a strong conceptual conflation between saying cohesion and meaning community. A relational model of social relationships can be a more fruitful way to address community than the approaches currently predominant in the Dutch academic debate.
16 citations
Journal Article•
TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigate the relationship between mobility and accessibility, and find that planning policies that favor one, act against the other, and the 2 can be seen as opposites.
Abstract: The concepts of 'accessibility' and 'mobility' are central to urban and transport planning and, although they are often used interchangeably, they convey fundamentally different meanings. For example, mobility, especially when excessive, can have a negative connotation, whereas accessibility is always seen as making a positive contribution to a community. In investigating the relationship between mobility and accessibility, it emerges that planning policies that favor one, act against the other, and the 2 can be seen as opposites.
13 citations
11 Sep 2000
TL;DR: Doing more with less probably has been one of the major themes in librarianship over the past decade as library technology continues to evolve, this theme perhaps no longer holds the negative connotation that it once did as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: Doing more with less probably has been one of the major themes in librarianship over the past decade As library technology continues to evolve, this theme perhaps no longer holds the negative connotation that it once did Instead it provides librarians with an opportunity to rise to the challenge of meeting increased user needs through improved internal processes and procedures One example of this is the endeavor to migrate from paper interlibrary loan borrowing request forms to electronic ones The purpose of this article is to examine one approach to this task
4 citations
Journal Article•
TL;DR: Based on the innovation theory by J.A.Suhumpeter, more and more people in the field of the economic theory and management have begun to make researches on technological innovations and have kept enriching the theory as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: Based on the innovation theory by J.A.Suhumpeter, more and more people in the field of the economic theory and management have begun to make researches on technological innovations and have kept enriching the theory. The academic field from abroad and organizations concerned have given more definitions on the concept of technological innovations, most of which hold similar or same viewpoints. However, there still exist some different viewpoints. It is an important premise and basis of making researches on technological innovations to start from the reality of China's conditions and its economic constructions, to reflect deeply the connotation and denotation of the technological innovation concept to make the definitions accurate, practical and with a wide range.
2 citations
Journal Article•
TL;DR: In this paper, the philosophical connotation of sustainable development is explained and the large system idea and large environment idea are the basis of the whole sustainable development theory and method for sustainable development if we use the princible of system engineering and carry on the study on the entirety, the system and new developments.
Abstract: This article explains the philosophical connotation of sustainable development and puts forward that the large system idea and large environment idea are the basis of the whole idea of sustainable development. It is possible to set up a system of the theory and method for sustainable development if we use the princible of system engineering and carry on the study on the entirety, the system and the new developments.
1 citations
Journal Article•
TL;DR: Based on the connotation of urban-rural integration, this paper dewless on the concept and theory of integrated urban rural planning as discussed by the authors, and the author points out what should be noted in the future.
Abstract: With the social-economic reformation and transition of urban-rural relation, the traditional planning model faces more difficulty in dealing with urban-rural development. In some economical developed area, integrated urban-rural planning is proposed. Based on the connotation of urban-rural integration, this paper dewless on the concept and theory of integrated urban-rural planning. At last, the author points out what should be noted in the future.
1 citations
Journal Article•
TL;DR: The state of the art on manufacturing automation was summarized in this article, and its developing trend was shown, as well as the conception and connotation of manufacturing automation and its role.
Abstract: The conception and connotation of manufacturing automation was mentioned.The state of the art on manufacturing automation was summarized.Its developing trend was shown.
01 Jan 2000
TL;DR: Based on analyzing the economy and spatial features of the knowledge economy, and the planning connotation of University City, the authors inspects the research and education resources in the Yangpu District in Shanghai, brings forward the planning concept of Shanghai University City and discusses the advantages and disadvantages conditions.
Abstract: Based on analyzing the economy and spatial features of the knowledge economy, and the planning connotation of University City, this paper inspects the researchand education resources in the Yangpu District in Shanghai , brings forward the planning concept of Shanghai University City, and discusses the advantages and disadvantages conditions.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: In this article, the tendency of urban forestry development in western countries, its ecological and environmental benefits, its connotation, its structure and layout design, and five principles for urban forestry were suggested.
Abstract: This paper briefly introduced the tendency of urban forestry development in western countries, its ecological and environmental benefits, its connotation, its structure and layout design. The characteristics of urban forestry in some large Chinese cities are briefed such as Beijing, Changchun, Huhohaote, Fuzhou, Zhunyi and Changsha. Finally, 5 principles for urban forestry development were suggested.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: In this paper, a deep understanding of the cultural connotation is the key step to the success in intercultural communication, and different cultural backgrounds may cast different influences upon the choice of vehicles in Chinese and English metaphors.
Abstract: Language is closely related with culture. Different cultural backgrounds may cast different influences upon the choice of vehicles in Chinese and English metaphors. A deep understanding of the cultural connotation is the key step to the success in intercultural communication.
01 Jan 2000
TL;DR: The stakeholder is the buzzword of the late 20th and early 21st centuries as mentioned in this paper, and it is the stakeholder of all environmental words with an environmental connotation.
Abstract: It is the buzzword of the late 20th and early 21st centuries — the stakeholder. Like all words with an environmental connotation (such as “sustainability”) that are subject to overuse, it is also subject to abuse.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: Based on the background of the emergence of ecotourism, the connotation of eco-tourism and the development and construction of resources, the author put forward the way of developing and constructing ecotechnical resources as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: Based on the discussion of the background of the emergence of ecotourism,the connotation of ecotourism,the author put forward the way of developing and constructing ecotourism resources
01 Jan 2000
TL;DR: Zhang et al. as mentioned in this paper investigated the connotation of geographic scheming discipline and the basic procedure and applied fields in the field of geographical scheming, which can connect the advantages of knowledge aconomy more effectively with market demand and transfer geographical intelligence into productivity.
Abstract: To develop in the 21st century,Chinas geography should take advantage of high technology and high intelligence brought by knowledge economy on one hand, and integrate closely the market to enhance its functions to serve the society under market economy on the other hand. Therefore, it is greatly necessary to create geographic scheming discipline, which can connect the advantages of knowledge aconomy more effectively with market demand and transfer geographical intelligence into productivity. This paper probes into the connotation of geographic scheming discipline and the basic procedure and applied fields of geographic scheming.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: Wang et al. as mentioned in this paper summarized five milestones for Chinese ceramics' evolution and three essential technological breakthroughs for its main advances, which can be summarized as follows: 1.
Abstract: Ancient Chinese ceramics have a long continuous evolutionary history of 10 000 years. It is unique in the world. Its evolution has a very rich scientific and technological connotation. As a whole, it can be summarized by five milestones for its evolution and by three essential technological breakthroughs for its main advances.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: In this article, the connotation and importance of reputation management, the favorable condition and the unfavorable condition of enforcing reputation management in firms in China, and the suggestion and the measure of enforcing the reputation management.
Abstract: Management in the foreign firms has entered the completely new stage -reputation management. The paper expounds the connotation and the importance of the reputation management,analyses the favorable condition and the unfavorable condition of enforcing the reputation management in firms in China,and puts forwards the suggestion and the measure of enforcing the reputation management in firms.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: In China, there is a huge system of traditional operas as discussed by the authors and the reason why we have so many local operas is that China pocesses a vast territory, various nations, abundant folknays, complex dialects and a long-standing history.
Abstract: In China, there is a huge system of traditional operas. The reason why we have so many local operas is that China pocesses a vast territory, various nations, abundant folknays, complex dialects and a long-standing history. There were 360 genves throughout the country by the general survey in 1984. Among them, nine were big transregional genres. Most genres have their own ranges except that the Beijing Opera disperses all over the country. The major regional divergence of China's traditional operas is "gentle in the South while firm in the North."The art of our traditional operas is complex as well as integrative. The indication of its integrity is the philosophy of "the integrity with being and nihility", the artistic connotation of high synthesis, and the rich performing technigue.