Showing papers on "Connotation published in 2011"

Learning General Connotation of Words using Graph-based Algorithms

Abstract: In this paper, we introduce a connotation lexicon, a new type of lexicon that lists words with connotative polarity, i.e., words with positive connotation (e.g., award, promotion) and words with negative connotation (e.g., cancer, war). Connotation lexicons differ from much studied sentiment lexicons: the latter concerns words that express sentiment, while the former concerns words that evoke or associate with a specific polarity of sentiment. Understanding the connotation of words would seem to require common sense and world knowledge. However, we demonstrate that much of the connotative polarity of words can be inferred from natural language text in a nearly unsupervised manner. The key linguistic insight behind our approach is selectional preference of connotative predicates. We present graph-based algorithms using PageRank and HITS that collectively learn connotation lexicon together with connotative predicates. Our empirical study demonstrates that the resulting connotation lexicon is of great value for sentiment analysis complementing existing sentiment lexicons.

Cartographic Language: Towards a New Paradigm for Understanding Stylistic Diversity in Topographic Maps

Abstract: To what extent can similarity and difference in the cartographic style of state topographic maps be explained within the context of the cartographic language paradigm? This paper explores the suitability of this approach as a hermeneutic for stylistic diversity, the persistence of nationally-specific conventions and problems of symbol standardisation. After reviewing earlier treatments of map language as analogy and metaphor in cartographic theory, we consider the construction of cartographic meaning and its role within a semiological system and suggest how variations in denotation and connotation allow a deeper understanding of the cultural significance of state topographic map symbologies. In treating topographic cartography as a natural visual language for communicating place, a new paradigm is proposed through which problems of international collaboration concerning the portrayal of transnational landscapes (especially at larger map scales) may be approached and potentially overcome.

The influence of connotation on readability and obfuscation in Australian chairman addresses

Abstract: Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to extend and improve prior readability and obfuscation research by investigating the effect of connotation on readability and obfuscation. Furthermore, the paper aims to develop and apply a novel connotation‐based obfuscation assessment approach.Design/methodology/approach – In total, 87 chairman reports of firms included in the Standard & Poor's ASX200 index were analyzed. The readability of sections and connotation‐based groups of sentences within these narratives were assessed using the Flesch readability formula. The presence or absence of obfuscation within the analyzed chairman addresses was determined using a novel connotation‐based obfuscation assessment approach.Findings – The study demonstrates that the mid section within the analyzed chairman addresses was significantly more difficult to read than the first and last sections. However, the notion that these reading difficulty differences were due to the prevalence of positive and negative news within these...

A Study on the Metaphor of "Red" in Chinese Culture

Abstract: Many people may see Chinese people are so fond of hong se---red color under many circumstances, and the red flag, red clothes, red lantern, red couplet etc are quite common in China. Some people say the red color is the “national color” of China and China is called “red China”. Then, why the Chinese people love red color probably is a great puzzlement for many foreigners. In fact, the color term “red” has special and very interesting connotations in Chinese culture. The Chinese people share common understandings and feelings of the color term. The word “red” as a metaphor has obvious characters regarding its associations, symbols, implied meanings, and usage of “red” in Chinese language. It can represent the Chinese culture and customs, embody their value-concept and show the ways of thinking. This paper collects almost all the Chinese idioms related to “red”, expresses its literal meaning in English and interprets its implied meaning and connotation in different context of Chinese. In addition, it is of practical significance to know the cultural connotation of color term “Red” in Chinese culture and to promote the cultural communication between Chinese and English-speaking people.

Making hard choices: rationing health care services.

Abstract: When the word rationing is used in health care, it immediately evokes strong emotions, and usually in a negative connotation. Politicians favoring status quo certainly employ the word to generate f...

Overview of the Development in Cooperative Vehicle-Infrastructure System Home and Abroad

Abstract: As a major ITS subsystem,Cooperative Vehicle-Infrastructure System(CVIS) has been greatly concerned home and abroad in recent years,which is the hot spot of the developed countries in research,development and application.This paper introduces the concept and connotation of CVIS,introduces the United States' IntelliDriveSM,the European Union's eSafety,Japan's Smartway and China's development of collaborative vehicle-infrastructure system.Furthermore,the future development of CVIS in China is presented.

Analysis of E-SCM

Abstract: After the study of the connotation, the architecture, the core ideology and the characteristics of E-SCM, the paper discusses how to achieve E-SCM, referring to the principles, the holistic scheme and steps of the implementation of E-SCM. Finally, the paper draws lessons from the investigation of the current situation and the content of the implementation of the E-SCM of the Wal-Mart.

Green Research based on Cultural Three-Hierarchy Theory

Abstract: The accumulation of green practice has reached a climax in the circle of Beijing Olympic Games and formed the inner culture connotation with its own characteristics. Based on culture three-hierarchy theory, the article expounds systematically green culture and provides theoretical basis for green practice.

Suicide as protest against social suffering in the Arab world.

Abstract: Since ancient times there has been a difference between suicide (an act of self-destruction) and self-immolation which, although self-destructive, has a sacrificial connotation. Self-immolation is associated with terrible physical pain (burning alive) and with the idea of courage. In modern times it

The Evaluative Function as Part of the Hidden Pragmatic Meaning of Certain Expressions in English and Spanish

Abstract: In an attempt to demonstrate that a corpus-based analysis can reveal aspects of the evaluative function that native speakers' intuitions most often fail to pick up, we analyze the pragmatic meaning that is associated with the use of the expressions "No wonder" and "I wouldn't be surprised (if/to)" in English and their Spanish equivalents: "No me extrana (que)" and "No me sorprenderia (que) / No me extranaria (que)." Previous studies have pointed out that a given word or expression can take on an association with the positive or the negative, and that this association can be exploited by the users of the language in question to express evaluative meaning covertly, a phenomenon which has been given the name of "semantic prosody" by some authors. Following these scholars, we examine the evaluative function of these five expressions in English and Spanish and argue that even when -- from the strictly semantic point of view -- they do not have an inherent negative connotation, they occur most frequently in the context of other words or phrases that are predominantly negative in their evaluative orientation.

Culture, Class, and Curriculum: A Reflective Essay

Abstract: Any attempt to review the use of the term culture in education is asking for trouble. Raymond Williams, in Keywords (1976: 87), claims that culture is “one of the two or three most complicated words in the English language.” As part of this complexity, it can refer to “high” art, to artistic practices more broadly including popular arts, and to the whole way of life of a people or period. Williams traces the history and multiplicity of denotation and connotation of the word culture not in order to arrive at a singular meaning, but to enable us to hold in tension these differences of meaning or emphasis. Terry Eagleton goes even further in this rejection of attempts to pin it down, referring to the concept culture both as “an historical and philosophical text” and as “the site of a political conflict” (2000: 19). Rather a lot for one word to carry.

Advances and Prospects of the Driving Force of Regional Land Use Change Researches

Abstract: In this paper,the concept and connotation of the drivers of regional land use change was decomposed at first.And then,through the comprehensive analysis in land use change drivers at home and abroad,the main driving factors and the basic characteristics were summarized;the progress in mechanism and models was emphatically analyzed and the advantages and disadvantages of each model and application were concluded.At last,the trend that needed to be studied further in the future was put forward,hoping to play a positive role in land use/cover change researches.

The Meanings of "Made in Romania" among the Romanian Consumers

Abstract: In this paper I studied the meanings of made in Romania concept among the Romanian consumers. The methodology required that respondents were interviewed about their attitudes. The results show that made in Romania has a negative connotation, and that made in Germany and made in USA are better appreciated. Still, made in Romania has obtained a better score than made in China. There are perspectives for the improvement of the meanings of made in Romania, the intentions of respondents being a guarantee. The people working in Romania obtained a better score than the results of their work, a warranty for future improvements of made in Romania appreciation.

The Application of the Internet of Things in Digital Campus

Abstract: The connotation and characteristics of the Internet of Things are in discussion,and the concept of wisdom campus is presented.The application of the Internet of Things in wisdom campus is described.

Specifying Talents Cultivating Objective and Strengthening Teaching Staff Construction——Thoughts on the Speech by CCP Sectary-General Hu Jingtao in Tsinghua University 100th Anniversary Celebration Meeting

Abstract: In the Tsinghua University 100th Anniversary Celebration Meeting, CCP Sectary-General Hu Jingtao made an important speech which specified the high education talents cultivating objective during the new period, and emphasized that the talents should be equipped with both good virtue and high professional capability. Therefore, we must emphasize the challenge in talents cultivating objective made by the new times, and we must get a clearer idea about the connotation of the cultivation of the talents with both good virtue and high professional capability, and we must strengthen teaching staff construction and implement strictly the concrete requirements of the construction of teaching staff.

Research on Framework of Urban-Rural Spatial Structure and Morphology Based on Cultural Theory

Abstract: According to strategic aim of great development in national culture and aspiration of constructing cultural city in planning scholar-circles, this theory discusses the issue of urban sustainable development in the condition of restriction in natural resources. This framework integrated the both of qualitative and quantitative research in order to realizing the aim of constructing the cultural paradigm theory in urban-rural spatial planning research. This paper presents the complicated system theory in urban-rural spatial structure and morphology based on cultural connotation, interprets culture in terms of anthropological connotation and fundamental philosophical categories, sets up logical structure of culture, presents hierarchy of needs theory based on cultural structure, builds the relevant models of cultural structure-dynamics and urban-rural spatial structure and morphology. This paper presents theory in urban developmental history based on cultural interpretation, establishes prospective theory in green building and eco-homeland based on cultural concepts.

Notice of Retraction Product innovation design based on local culture

Abstract: This paper comprehensively analyzes the connotation and denotation of “region” and “local culture”. Combing the views and attitudes of the critical regionalism, the article proposes the revelation of this theory for the structural transformation in product innovation and further puts forward the expression steps and innovative ideas of local culture in product design. The enterprises and product designers should reinterpret the regional features in the practice of modernism, rather than superficially imitate local culture symbols and patterns. The integration of local culture, traditional crafts, modern technology and contemporary aesthetic based on deep understanding their own culture is an effective way close to the product innovation.

On the history of the comparative jurisprudence

Abstract: This paper includes an introduction to the definition,connotation,origin and development of the history of the comparative jurisprudence,a review of the typical works and representative figures,an analysis of the problems and insufficiency in the research,a discussion on its academic value for the legal theory and its significance for the reform in this regard,and an exploration of the research methods.

A Comparative Study on English and Chinese Idioms

Abstract: The Chinese language has a long history,and the Chinese words are rich and colorfulThe Chinese idioms include set phrases,colloquialism,while the English idioms include colloquialism,proverbs,slams and so onThe English idioms play an important part in the English language,and the Chinese idioms are very important in the Chinese languageEnglish and Chinese are two highly developed language families;both of them have a long history and a large quantity of idiomsTo understand the cultural connotation of China and the West,English learners should deepen the understanding of the similarities and differences between English and Chinese idioms

Manuel i Komnenos, „Carski san“ and „Samodrzci oblasti srpskog prestola“

Abstract: This research examines the question of the so-called territorial power-sharing rulers in Serbia during the reign of the Byzantine emperor Manuel I Komnenos (1143-1180) based on the interpretations and contextualisation of original data and of terms with the connotation of ruler referring to Stefan Nemanja and his relatives.

Green Fashion Design under the Concept of DIY

Abstract: This paper analyzes the features of the application under the concept of DIY fashion design by the way of listing, The authors put forward the designer’s mission and the connotation of the application under the concept of DIY fashion design. The versatility of design thinking, do it yourself, the reuse of clothing and a multi-wear clothing in order to extend the connotation of green fashion design. The authors suggest to change human’s consumer psychology by establishing a healthy lifestyle.

Review on the Research of Connotation and Evaluation Index System of Green University in China

Abstract: Along with the further progress of sustainable development,it's already been more than ten years since China brought forward the plan for building Green University in the 1990s.More and more scholars have conducted researches on green university.The article sorts out research findings of the much focused area of the study of connotation and the evaluation index system of Green University.

Notice of Retraction A discussion on the Higher Education quality: Historical change characteristics of the times and system construction

Abstract: In China, Higher Education has different quality demands in its different developing stages. This paper briefly described the connotation of quality of higher education from three aspects — historical change characteristics of the times and system construction, proposes strengthening the quality management of higher education possible paths.

Reflections and Recommendations on University General Education

Abstract: The connotation of general education is to achieve mastery through a comprehensive study of the subjects,which means the interconnection between different disciplines and to get the correct concept of values,rational knowledge,traditional culture and the ability and wisdom to seek a meaningful life which ‘a man' should have.However,there is a unilateral and vulgarizing development tendency in general education at university in China and the teaching is just too technical and goes through the formality seriously.Therefore,it is necessary to improve the current status of university general education through the cultivation of core value and the changing of teaching methods,the innovation of evaluation methods and the updating of content model,so as to promote the teaching effectiveness of general education and push forward the harmonious development of universities.

Analysis and discussion on the connotation of the ship system's effective availability

Abstract: NATO proposed the new conception—effective availability,against the available problems during the equipment on task.Now it isn't promoted and applied at home and abroad.Our country is in the feasibility of research stage.This article by combining our ships system tasks during the use of weapons and equipments,maintenance and support,analyzes the concept of availability,and the meaning of the availability model parameters,how effective are the concepts applied to adapt the system design in the basic thinking and approach,etc.

Global Architectural Forms in the Context of Vilnius

Abstract: Manifestations of global architecture in the city of Vilnius are analysed on the example of Guggenheim Hermitage Museum. Peculiarities of the architecture’s origin are discussed. Global architecture is different from local architecture by preconditions of its origin, possibilities of realisation and its architectural expression. However, irrespective of these circum­stances Lithuanian creative societies and individual architects evaluate global architecture from local positions. They use conceptions and metaphors formed in the local environment. Therefore, evaluations assume a negative connotation. Article in Lithuanian

Identity:A New Perspective in the Study of Tourism Experience

Abstract: As the core of tourism phenomenon,tourism experience is of rich connotation and can be interpreted fromdifferent perspectives.The paper analyzes the identity component of tourism experience from the perspective ofidentity.It is pointed out that in tourism experience,identity presents a variety of forms,from the external destination identity,to identity with the role of tourists,to cultural identityand finally to self-identity,showing a certain degree ofhierarchy.Only by various forms of identity can tourism experience demonstrates its unique value.