Connotation

About: Connotation is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 2096 publications have been published within this topic receiving 8265 citations.

Electronic Medical Record and Electronic Medical Record System

Abstract: The paper redefines the electronic medical record and the basic concept of electronic medical record system,locates the connotation and denotation of the electronic medical record and electronic medical record system indicating that "paperless storage,integrated display and intelligent application" is the goal of electronic medical record building,and focuses on the conditions needed in the realization of paperless electronic medical record.It also suggests that the development of electronic medical record will become more human-oriented with formal standards being made.

Pacific Islands stakeholder participation in development : Samoa

Abstract: This report reviews the social patterns and cultural tradition in Samoa, and how these may affect national development. It shares similarities with the paper on Tonga in the same series, both using a common conceptual framework. Culture, even though modified by historical and colonial experience, is a salient feature in Samoa's national life, exerting profound influences on national policies. The paper analyzes three general concepts in an attempt to outline the ambiguities characterizing the social and political contexts. First, attention is given to the socio-political domain concept, where traditional ideas of rank permeate notions of political authority, and the very nature of social, political, and cultural facts shape the course of economic development. Secondly, on the socio-economic status concept, it is suggested that the tension between the four level groups, provides a socio-political dynamic, which may drive towards better amenities and higher standards of living. Finally, the report reviews the traditional enterprise concept, defined as economic activities in pursuit of material well-being, thus portrayed in negative terms. It is this negative connotation which obscures the overall development process in Pacific island countries.

The psychology of expressing and interpreting linguistic taboos

Abstract: This chapter describes from a psychological point of view two aspects of taboo word use in American English: the ways people use taboo words to express themselves and the ways people comprehend taboo word expressions. Expression topics selected here include: spoken frequency, verbal fluency, personality traits, emotion expression, anger and frustration, name calling, humor, and coping with pain. Interpretation topics selected include: connotation and denotation, word offensiveness, frequency judgments, fighting words, sexual harassment, and pragmatic contextual variables. The production of expressions with taboo words, as well as the interpretation of them, depends on contextual variables encompassing the expressions including: the speaker–listener relationship and their ages, the social and physical context, and the intended meaning and emotional valence of the expression. Universal statements cannot be made about the production or interpretation of taboo word expressions due to the influence of contextual variables.

Knowledge-rich image gist understanding beyond literal meaning

Abstract: We investigate the problem of understanding the message (gist) conveyed by images and their captions as found, for instance, on websites or news articles. To this end, we propose a methodology to capture the meaning of image-caption pairs on the basis of large amounts of machine-readable knowledge that have previously been shown to be highly effective for text understanding. Our method identifies the connotation of objects beyond their denotation: where most approaches to image understanding focus on the denotation of objects, i.e., their literal meaning, our work addresses the identification of connotations, i.e., iconic meanings of objects, to understand the message of images. We view image understanding as the task of representing an image-caption pair on the basis of a wide-coverage vocabulary of concepts such as the one provided by Wikipedia, and cast gist detection as a concept-ranking problem with image-caption pairs as queries. Our proposed algorithm brings together aspects of entity linking and clustering, subgraph selection, semantic relatedness, and learning-to-rank in a novel way. In addition to this novel task and a complete evaluation of our approach, we introduce a novel dataset to foster further research on this problem. To enable a throughout investigation of the problem of gist understanding, we produce a gold standard of over 300 image-caption pairs and over 8000 gist annotations covering a wide variety of topics at different levels of abstraction. We use this dataset to experimentally benchmark the contribution of different kinds of signals from heterogeneous sources, namely image and text. The best result with a Mean Average Precision (MAP) of 0.69 indicate that by combining both dimensions we are able to better understand the meaning of our image-caption pairs than when using language or vision information alone. Our supervised approach relies on the availability of human-annotated gold standard datasets. Annotating images with, possibly complex, topic labels is arguably a very time-consuming task that must rely on expert human annotators. We accordingly investigate whether parts of this process could be automatized using automatic image annotation and caption generation techniques. Our results indicate the general feasibility of an end-to-end approach to gist detection when replacing one of the two dimensions with automatically generated input, i.e., using automatically generated image tags or generated captions. However, we also show experimentally that state-of-the-art image and text understanding is better at understanding literal meanings of image-caption pairs, with non-literal pairs being instead generally more difficult to detect, thus paving the way for future work on understanding the message of images beyond their literal content.

Bakhtin’s chronotope, connotations, and discursive psychology: towards a richer interpretation of experience

Abstract: In this article, we draw on the Bakhtinian concept of chronotope to make the theoretical argument that the turn to embodiment can be supplemented through a consideration of connotation in d...