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Contact area

About: Contact area is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 12358 publications have been published within this topic receiving 256401 citations. The topic is also known as: contact patch & contact region.


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Journal ArticleDOI
31 Jul 2006-Wear
TL;DR: In this article, the authors extended Nayak's analysis of isotropic surface roughness as a random field to show that most summits are only mildly ell, the most common ratio of principal summit curvatures being near 2:1.

190 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is shown that the secretion alone is necessary, but not sufficient, for adhesion in the tarsi of the cricket Tettigonia viridissima, and that adhesive became saturated when a pad was deformed such that contact area was maximal.
Abstract: The tarsi of the cricket Tettigonia viridissima bear flexible attachment pads that are able to deform, replicating the profile of a surface to which they are apposed. This attachment system is supplemented by a secretion produced by epidermal cells and transported onto the surface of the pad through the pore canals of the pad cuticle. This study shows that the secretion alone is necessary, but not sufficient, for adhesion. To account for the full adhesive force, the deformation of the pad and the resulting changes in contact area were considered. In two series of experiments, the adhesive properties of the secretion and the adhesion of the whole pad were measured using a force tester, the sensitivity of which ranged from micronewtons to centinewtons. The adhesive forces of the secretion measured between a smooth sapphire ball with a diameter of 1.47 mm and a flat silicon surface ranged from 0.1 to 0.6 mN. In a control experiment on the silicon surface without secretion, no adhesive force was measured. There was no dependence of the adhesive force on the applied compressive force. When an intact pad was pulled off a flat silicon surface, the adhesive force increased with increasing applied compressive force, but it did not increase further once the applied force exceeded a certain value. The saturated adhesive force, ranging from 0.7 to 1.2 mN, was obtained at applied forces of 0.7-1.5 mN. The hemispherical surface of the pad had a larger contact area and demonstrated greater adhesion under a larger applied force. Adhesion became saturated when a pad was deformed such that contact area was maximal. The tenacity (the adhesive force per unit area) was 1.7-2.2 mN mm(-)(2).

189 citations

Proceedings ArticleDOI
04 Apr 2009
TL;DR: This paper designed a series of experiments to explore human finger input properties and identified several useful properties such as contact area, contact shape and contact orientation which can be exploited to improve the performance of multi-touch selecting and pointing tasks.
Abstract: Current multi-touch interaction techniques typically only use the x-y coordinates of the human finger's contact with the screen. However, when fingers contact a touch-sensitive surface, they usually approach at an angle and cover a relatively large 2D area instead of a precise single point. In this paper, a Frustrated Total Internal Reflection (FTIR) based multi-touch device is used to collect the finger imprint data. We designed a series of experiments to explore human finger input properties and identified several useful properties such as contact area, contact shape and contact orientation which can be exploited to improve the performance of multi-touch selecting and pointing tasks. Based on the experimental results, we discuss some implications for the design of human finger input interfaces and propose several design prototypes which incorporate these implications. A set of raw data and several concrete recommendations which are useful for the research community are also presented.

189 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated the motion of nanotubes on a graphite surface and found that each nanotube has unique equilibrium orientations with sharp potential energy minima.
Abstract: Using molecular statics and dynamics methods we investigate the motion of nanotubes on a graphite surface. Each nanotube has unique equilibrium orientations with sharp potential energy minima which lead to atomic scale locking of the nanotube. The effective contact area and the total interaction energy scale with the square root of the radius. Sliding and rolling nanotubes have different characters. The potential energy barriers for sliding nanotubes are higher than that for perfect rolling. When the nanotube is pushed, we observe a combination of atomic scale spinning and sliding motion.

189 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Overall, increasing articular conformity reduced stresses when the knee was well-aligned, however, malalignment in axial rotation was detrimental.
Abstract: Increased conformity at the tibiofemoral articulation increases contact area and reduces contact stresses in total knee arthroplasty. Malalignment, however, can increase polyethylene contact stresses. The effect of knee alignment and articular conformity on contact stresses was evaluated in a finite element model. The polyethylene insert and femoral component were modeled in high- and low-conformity conditions. An axial tibial load of 3000 N was applied across the tibiofemoral articulation at different knee positions ranging from 0° to 90° flexion, 0 to 10 mm anteroposterior translation, 0° to 10° axial rotation, and coronal plane angulation (liftoff). Increased conformity significantly reduced contact stresses in neutral alignment (by 44% at 0° flexion and 36% at 60° and 90° flexion). Liftoff significantly increased contact stresses in low- and high-conformity conditions, but to a lesser degree in the high-conformity condition. Malalignment in rotation was most detrimental especially with the high-conformity insert design. Overall, increasing articular conformity reduced stresses when the knee was well-aligned. However, malalignment in axial rotation was detrimental. Mobile-bearing knee designs with increased articular congruity may result in lower contact stresses, especially the rotating-bearing designs that theoretically minimize rotational malalignment.

188 citations


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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers in the topic in previous years
YearPapers
2023102
2022253
2021375
2020467
2019554
2018528