Showing papers on "Context awareness published in 2022"

Contextual security awareness: A context-based approach for assessing the security awareness of users

Abstract: Assessing the information security awareness (ISA) of users is crucial for protecting systems and organizations from social engineering attacks. Current methods do not consider the context of use when assessing users’ ISA, and therefore they cannot accurately reflect users’ actual behavior, which often depends on that context. In this study, we propose a novel context-based, data-driven, approach for assessing the ISA of users. In this approach, different behavioral and contextual factors, such as spatio-temporal information and browsing habits, are used to assess users’ ISA. Since defining each context explicitly is impractical for a large context space, we utilize a deep neural network to represent users’ contexts implicitly from contextual factors. We evaluate our approach empirically using a real-world dataset of users’ activities collected from 120 smartphone users. The results show that the proposed method and context information improve ISA assessment accuracy significantly.

Context Awareness in Cultural Heritage Applications: A Survey

Abstract: Cultural Heritage Institutions fueled by the advances in Information Technology are exploiting new ways to present their content to visitors. The emergence of the Internet of Things paradigm has shifted their efforts into a more personalized and adaptable experience that takes into consideration the visitor profile and behavior, in respect to presented artifacts and environmental parameters. Context-awareness allows the understanding of the situation and the optimization of the delivered cultural User Experience. In this article, we survey context awareness in cultural heritage applications. After presenting the background of Context Awareness and its features to cultural environments, a subset of research projects that incorporate context aware traits in a cultural scenario is reviewed. Each prototype is analysed in respect to several criteria that include context sensing, middleware, and incorporation methods. Finally, based on the review, lessons learnt, and directions for the development of similar prototypes are highlighted.

Environmental, User, and Social Context-Aware Augmented Reality for Supporting Personal Development and Change

Abstract: Robust pervasive context-aware augmented reality (AR) has the potential to enable a range of applications that support users in reaching their personal and professional goals. In such applications, AR can be used to deliver richer, more immersive, and more timely just in time adaptive interventions (JITAI) than conventional mo-bile solutions, leading to more effective support of the user. This position paper defines a research agenda centered on improving AR applications' environmental, user, and social context awareness. Specifically, we argue for two key architectural approaches that will allow pushing AR context awareness to the next level: use of wearable and Internet of Things (IoT) devices as additional data streams that complement the data captured by the AR devices, and the development of edge computing-based mechanisms for enriching existing scene understanding and simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) algorithms. The paper outlines a collection of specific research directions in the development of such architectures and in the design of next-generation environmental, user, and social context awareness algorithms.

Fog Node Self-Control Middleware: Enhancing context awareness towards autonomous decision making in Fog Colonies

Abstract: The concept of Fog Colonies has recently been introduced in Fog Computing, and is rapidly gaining attention. As Fog Colonies are extended, Fog Colony Control mechanisms have gained significant interest. Although, there are numerous solutions efficiently supporting a Context Aware coordinating entity, exploring approaches for decentralized control remains a challenge. Towards this direction, there are efforts promoting the concept of autonomous Fog Nodes, making their own decisions with internalized control without the existence of a coordinating entity. In this paper we propose and implement a Context Aware Self-Control management middleware for Fog Nodes, enabling their Self-Management utilizing contextual information shared between Fog colony members. To that end, we employ Policy Rulebooks to define Context Aware Policies that each Fog Node can enforce. Finally, we evaluated the proposed middleware against a non Context Aware one, under exactly the same conditions, using a real-world smart building use case, focusing on performance issues related to the end-user.

Intelligent control system of smart home for context awareness

Abstract: In recent years, the rapid development of Internet of Things smart hardware has increased the demand for intelligent control of devices, mainly in the smart home industry. The framework to solve the problem of equipment intelligent control is studied. The advantages and disadvantages of existing context modeling strategies are analyzed. According to the characteristics of household context activities, combined with the design principles of graph databases, a new context modeling method based on object and attribute graph is proposed, which is suitable for Internet of Things scenarios with limited resources. Rule control, mode control, and voice control approaches of smart home interaction are designed. An inference engine is used to map the data of context awareness to the Internet of Things control services that executed automatic control of the system, and a framework of smart control system based on context awareness of Internet of Things is proposed. Considering the behavior habits of users, the concept of user preference is introduced to provide more personalized services. Performance tests with simulated data show that the new context modeling method has a faster system response time than the ontology modeling control mode.

Ambient intelligence governance review: from service-oriented to self-service

Abstract: The current generation of connected devices and the Internet of Things augment people’s capabilities through ambient intelligence. Ambient Intelligence (AmI) support systems contain applications consuming available services in the environment to serve users. A well-known design of these applications follows a service architecture style and implement artificial intelligence mechanisms to maintain an awareness of the context: The service architecture style enables the distribution of capabilities and facilitates interoperability. Intelligence and context-awareness provide an adaptation of the environment to improve the interaction. Smart objects in distributed deployments and the increasing machine awareness of devices and people context also lead us to architectures, including self-governed policies providing self-service. We have systematically reviewed and analyzed ambient system governance considering service-oriented architecture (SOA) as a reference model. We applied a systematic mapping process obtaining 198 papers for screening (out of 712 obtained after conducting searches in research databases). We then reviewed and categorized 68 papers related to 48 research projects selected by fulfilling ambient intelligence and SOA principles and concepts. This paper presents the result of our analysis, including the existing governance designs, the distribution of adopted characteristics, and the trend to incorporate service in the context-aware process. We also discuss the identified challenges and analyze research directions.

Improvement of Task Offloading for Latency Sensitive Tasks in Fog Environment

Abstract: Fog computing is gaining rapid acceptance as a distributed computing paradigm that brings cloud-like services near the end devices. It enhances the computation capabilities of mobile nodes and IoT (Internet of Things) devices by providing compute and storage capabilities similar to the cloud but at a lower latency and using lesser bandwidth. Additional advantages of fog computing include its support for node mobility, context awareness, reliability and scalability. Due to its multiple benefits, fog computing is used for offloading tasks from applications executing on end devices. This allows faster execution of applications using the capabilities of fog nodes. However, the task offloading problem in the fog environment is challenging due to the dynamic nature of fog environment and multiple QoS (Quality of Service) parameters dependent on the application being executed. Therefore, the chapter proposes a QoS-aware task offloading strategy using a novel nature-inspired optimization algorithm, known as the Smart Flower Optimization Algorithm (SFOA). The proposed strategy takes into account the QoS parameters such as the task deadlines and budget constraints in selection of appropriate fog nodes where computation tasks can be offloaded. The proposed strategy has been simulated and the results have verified the efficacy of the strategy.

An Authoring Tool for Generating Context Awareness Mobile Game Based Learning

Abstract: Game-Based Learning (GBL) has become extensively used in Technology-Enhanced Learning (TEL) as a substitute for traditional education methods. Moreover, research has been done in this field proves that it’s very interesting for Learning Game (LG) designers to integrate the latest technologies in order to augment GBL efficiency and to reach more learners. On the other hand, context awareness and adaptation are a crucial aspect in mobile game-based learning. It is thus necessary to place at the disposal of the learner player an adaptive mobile game based learning according to the context. However, the contextualisation in the training is not easy to reach. The diversity of mobile technologies and dynam-ics in mobile environments complicate the process of contextualisation. Further-more, migration and implementation of these novel technologies can be very pricey and require more informatics knowledge and time, which can lead to a huge loss. Thus, the main purpose of this article is to present the proposed e-Adventure architecture using the ZeroCouplage multi-platform Framework that was introduced to solve this problem. We code once and the context awareness for mobile game-based learning is automatically generated.

Artistic Design Method of User Interaction Experience of Mobile System Based on Context Awareness

Abstract: This work combines context awareness to explore the art design technique of user interaction experience of mobile system and alters the conventional art communication and art appreciation methods in order to increase the impact of artistic interactive experience. Furthermore, this paper proposes that the spatial pattern will influence the aggregation value in wireless sensor networks, as well as the influence of the pattern of single-point extrapolation function and information coverage function measurement, which is quantified as a nonsampling error in sampling theory. Then, this paper proposes a hierarchical sampling theory to optimize the nonsampling error and improve the effect of artistic situation perception. Finally, on this basis, this paper constructs an art design system of context awareness and interactive experience. The findings of this study indicate that the state-of-the-art mobile system user interaction experience based on context awareness suggested in this work has a strong context awareness effect and user interaction experience.

Helix Project: Exploring the Social Internet of Things (SIoT) in Care of Blind People

Abstract: The wide variety of available mobile devices, associated with the increase in wireless communication network availability, enables an increasing offer of mobile and ubiquitous technologies. In this sense, this article proposes an approach called Helix-SIoT, which explores the Social Internet of Things concepts to support Blind People (BP). The objective is to enhance the treatment of the different sensors that integrate the assistance of these people with SIoT use. For this, the proposal employs Context Awareness and Multiple Criteria Decision Analysis, helping people's autonomy in terms of mobility, response times, and the choice of the Caregiver in the most transparent way possible. The functional architecture of the Helix approach operates integrated with the Adaptation and Context Recognition Subsystem of the EXEHDA middleware, which provides support for the acquisition, storage, and processing of context information used by the mobile Helix-SIoT applications.

Context-Aware Communication Networks With Users in the Loop-A Short Survey

Abstract: The rapid growth and the increased possibilities that modern technologies provide put higher requirements for mobile services and communications-they should be collaborative, cognitive, smarter, adaptive to the changes in the environment or user expectations and needs. Contextualization is a key enabler for development of intelligent systems that can be efficient and adaptive. This paper investigates context solutions, which are based on user-specific context information. In particular, we study and analyze how user-centric solutions can affect the mobile networks RAN architecture. We provide a detailed comparison analysis of user-centric versus cell-centric designs in terms of impact on mobility management, resource management and interference management.

Jarvis: A Voice-based Context-as-a-Service Mobile Tool for a Smart Home Environment

Abstract: In this paper we introduce Jarvis, a context-as-a-service mobile tool, which enables context-aware data collection, service discovery, and computer-aided situational awareness through a conversational User Interface (UI). At the core of Jarvis are two main components: (i) a voice-based UI to translate speech to Context Definition and Query Language (Speech-to-CDQL), and (ii) an operational component called Context-as-a-Service (CoaaS), which enables smart things and IoT silos to discover, validate and share relevant and dependable context. The UI is based on two machine learning models: a Speech-to-Text model and a Text-to-CDQL model based on an encoder-decoder architecture. Jarvis is developed as a mobile application that allows people with different backgrounds to interact with various IoT devices. Our demo shows how easy Jarvis can be used for context-aware data collection and to interact with diverse objects in a smart home environment through voice.

ConShar: An Edge-based Context Sharing Model for the Internet of Things

Abstract: Internet of Things (IoT) has become popular by its characteristics of embedded processing power and network capabilities into a wide range of everyday devices. It is well known that IoT devices are deployed with different characteristics for communication, data format, semantics. Context-awareness gives semantic meaning to IoT devices data by creating a high-level description of the entities situation, called context information. Unfortunately, many context-aware platforms only provide context information for itself and do not care in sharing it with whom may be interested. However, taking into account the heterogeneity of IoT environments, it is necessary to share the context information between different application domains to provide semantic interoperability. This paper presents ConShar, an edge-based context sharing model for IoT environments able to provide context interoperability. We also present related work in the area to clarify the novelty of the proposed architecture and a validation of ConShar's context Classification method.

Research on Service Model of Mobile Library Based on Context Awareness

Abstract: The mobile library perceives the user's situation and provides personalized information services as the goal. The paper starts with situational awareness as an entry point, starting from two perspectives of mobile phone user situational awareness middleware and service model level, researches and proposes the service model framework of library situational awareness, design context-aware adaptive middleware, construct a mobile library mobile service model based on context-awareness, design a personalized learning system incorporating context-awareness which can improve and enrich the theory of mobile library knowledge service research. It provides a new basis for the development and application of the theory of library situational awareness services.

Artificial Intelligence in Open Radio Access Network: Use Case of Internet of Medical Things

Abstract: Open Radio Access Network (O-RAN) is a concept for disaggregating software from hardware and opening interfaces to allow interoperability between multiple vendors. The usage of Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning solutions enables sensing RAN environment and application context to enhance RAN performance. Embedding intelligence at network and component level allows dynamic radio resource allocation and optimization of network efficiency. The paper studies an O-RAN use case of Internet of Medical Things aimed at optimization of radio resource management. The use case illustrates the adaptive inactivity timer control for narrowband medical devices.

Context-Awareness-Based Intelligent Accuracy Recommendation Algorithm for Business English Teaching Resources

Abstract: In order to improve the accuracy of intelligent recommendation of business English teaching resources, an intelligent recommendation algorithm for business English teaching resources based on situational awareness is designed. Cluster resources in advance, generate candidate queues, measure and calculate trust, filter resources by combining situational awareness and collaborative filtering, calculate user similarity, and realize intelligent recommendation of business English teaching resources. The experimental results show that the proposed recommendation algorithm can accurately recommend the required resources and spend less time.

Negotiation-Based Multi-agent System for Ambient Conditions Control in Accordance with Multiple User Preferences

Abstract: The Internet of Things has set the foundation for countless innovative solutions, some of which are designed specifically for homes, offices, etc., with the aim to increase user comfort. In order to automatically increase user comfort by saving the user time and energy, the system has to obtain and process information about the conditions in the smart space, and the user’s needs and wishes. Context awareness, without which ambient intelligence could not be developed, relies on data collected from connected devices. Ambient intelligence is about meeting users’ needs and desires while taking context into account and making instantaneous adjustments to their actions and other context changes. In this paper, we propose a context-aware, user-centric multi-agent system that is able to independently determine ambient settings in a smart space according to the preferences of users present without any user intervention. The main advantage is that it serves more users, i.e., it is not focused on only one user and his preferences, but takes care of all present users and satisfies their wishes and needs regarding ambient conditions while harmonizing their different preferences. To achieve this, a negotiation process between intelligent user agents is proposed and described. The presented model is described on the use case of smart lighting.

Internet of Things — From Ubiquitous Computing to Ubiquitous Intelligence Applications

Abstract: ubiquitous ID (uID) technology, automatically identifies physical objects and/or locations by the uIDs assigned to them in order to provide services associated with those physical objects and/or locations. uID architecture is for the realization of “Context Awareness” in Ubiquitous Computing.

Survey on Context Aware Computing and IoT Environment

Abstract: Context awareness enables the system to collect the information about the environment at any time and act according to it. It makes use of hardware as well as software to collect and analyze the data automatically. The mobile users particularly the smart phone users are mostly focused by context due to it’s pliability and is often used as a part of ubiquitous and wearable computing. The Internet and upcoming technologies combine to transform every object into smart objects. Where this can be applied to user’s activities on the device or to the physical environment in which the device is being use. Here we survey the context awareness from an IoT perspective to help users by automating the task of selecting the sensors according to the problems/tasks at hand.

Toward Smart Multizone HVAC Control by Combining Context-Aware System and Deep Reinforcement Learning

Abstract: Building energy consumption accounts for a large figure of total energy consumption and keeps a rapid increase. Energy for heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) is the main contribution. To save energy with maintaining comfort, control methods have been studied, including rule-based methods, model predictive control, and deep reinforcement learning (DRL). While their performance in real applications can be restricted by the highly nonstationary building environment caused by factors like weather conditions. Especially, for multizone HVAC control with multiple controllers, variation of the controller policy causes potential nonstationarity for each other. Current solutions to the nonstationarity based on model-based methods add complexity for building modeling and decrease the control efficiency. In addition, although massive data are available with the development of the Internet of Things (IoT) in smart buildings, high-level exploitation of data in the context-aware system is not yet explored to detect environment changes for smart building control. To this end, we propose a novel context-aware model-free DRL method called Trans-Context soft actor–critic (SAC) for multizone HVAC control, which combines a transformer-encoder-based context-aware system and the state-of-the-art DRL algorithm SAC. The context-aware system disentangles the nonstationarity by learning context data from IoT sensors. Besides, Trans-Context SAC is a model-free method without the need for building modeling. We evaluate Trans-Context SAC in a simulation-based case study on a multizone commercial building. Results demonstrate that Trans-Context SAC can achieve up to 15.9% of energy saving compared to other baselines with maintaining thermal comfort. Besides, Trans-Context SAC obtains the generalization for unseen environments.

Context-Triggered Factor of an In-vehicle Adaptive Human-Computer Interface Architecture Based on Context-Awareness and Multi-agent

Abstract: Because providing redundant information for in-vehicle human-computer interactions could increase work and cognitive load, this article developed a conceptual architecture for an in-vehicle adaptive human-computer interface (AHCI) to promote the implementation of a clearer and adaptable interface design, discussed the triggered factor based on context-awareness and multi-agent theories. The article presented how to create an appropriate methodology for developing in-vehicle AHCI that could address the demands of multiple users operating in dynamically changing task processing.

Building a COVID-Safe Navigation App Using a Meta-Model Based Context Server

Abstract: Building context-aware applications is an already widely researched topic. It is our belief that context awareness has the potential to supplement the Internet of Things, when a suitable methodology including supporting tools will ease the development of context-aware applications. We believe that a meta-model based approach can be key to achieving this goal. In this paper, we present our meta-model based methodology, which allows us to define and build application-specific context models and the integration of sensor data without any programming. We describe how that methodology is applied with the implementation of a relatively simple context-aware COVID-safe navigation app. The outcome showed that programmers with no experience in context-awareness were able to understand the concepts easily and were able to effectively use it after receiving a short training. Therefore, context-awareness is able to be implemented within a short amount of time. We conclude that this can also be the case for the development of other context-aware applications, which have the same context-awareness characteristics. We have also identified further optimization potential, which we will discuss at the conclusion of this article.