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Contingency

About: Contingency is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 1668 publications have been published within this topic receiving 55482 citations.


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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In economics and management theories, scholars have traditionally assumed the existence of artifacts such as firms/organizations and markets as mentioned in this paper, and they argue that an explanation for the creation of such artifacts requires the notion of effectuation.
Abstract: In economics and management theories, scholars have traditionally assumed the existence of artifacts such as firms/organizations and markets. I argue that an explanation for the creation of such artifacts requires the notion of effectuation. Causation rests on a logic of prediction, effectuation on the logic of control. I illustrate effectuation through business examples and realistic thought experiments, examine its connections with existing theories and empirical evidence, and offer a list of testable propositions for future empirical work.

4,438 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Contingency-based research has a long tradition in the study of management control systems (MCS), and researchers have attempted to explain the effectiveness of MCS by examining designs that best suit the nature of the environment, technology, size, structure, strategy and national culture.
Abstract: Contingency-based research has a long tradition in the study of management control systems (MCS). Researchers have attempted to explain the effectiveness of MCS by examining designs that best suit the nature of the environment, technology, size, structure, strategy and national culture. In recent years, contingency-based research has maintained its popularity with studies including these variables but redefining them in contemporary terms. This paper provides a critical review of findings from contingency-based studies over the past 20 years, deriving a series of propositions relating MCS to organizational context. The paper examines issues related to the purpose of MCS, the elements of MCS, the meaning and measurement of contextual variables, and issues concerning theory development. A final section considers the possibility that contingency-based ideas could encompass insights from a variety of theories to help understand MCS within its organizational context.

2,909 citations

Book
20 Feb 2001
TL;DR: Theoretical integration of organic theory and research in Bureaucracy Theory and Research Causality and Contingency as mentioned in this paper Controversies inContingency Theory Research Challenges from Other Theories Fit Concept and Analysis Fit Affects Performance Neo-Contingencies Theory Future Opportunities
Abstract: Core Paradigm and Theoretical Integration Organic Theory and Research Bureaucracy Theory and Research Causality and Contingency in Bureaucracy Theory Controversies in Contingency Theory Research Challenges from Other Theories Fit Concept and Analysis Fit Affects Performance Neo-Contingency Theory Future Opportunities

1,998 citations

01 Jan 2012
TL;DR: This article examined the historical contingency of executive power and succession in the higher education publishing industry and found that a shift in logics led to different determinants of executive succession, such as author-editor relationships and internal growth.
Abstract: This article examines the historical contingency of executive power and succession in the higher education publishing industry. We combine interview data with historical analysis to identify how institutional logics changed from an editorial to a market focus. Event history models are used to test for differences in the effects of these two institutional logics on the positional, relational, and economic determinants of executive succession. The quantitative findings indicate that a shift in logics led to different determinants of executive succession. Under an editorial logic, executive attention is directed to author‐editor relationships and internal growth, and executive succession is determined by organization size and structure. Under a market logic, executive attention is directed to issues of resource competition and acquisition growth, and executive succession is determined by the product market and the market for corporate control.

1,945 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The path-goal theory of leader effectiveness as discussed by the authors is a meta proposition that leaders, to be effective, engage in behaviors that complement subordinates' environments and abilities in a manner that compensates for deficiencies and is instrumental to subordinate satisfaction and individual and work unit performance.
Abstract: In this paper I present a retrospective review of the development and history of the path-goal theory of leader effectiveness. I briefly describe the origin of the theory. The theory is then summarized. The various methodologies that have been used to test the theory and lessons learned from empirical testing are discussed. Two legacies of the theory are described: the substitutes for leadership theory and the 1976 theory of charismatic leadership. A reformulated 1996 path-goal theory of work unit leadership is presented. The reformulated theory specifies leader behaviors that enhance subordinate empowerment and satisfaction and work unit and subordinate effectiveness. It addresses the effects of leaders on the motivation and abilities of immediate subordinates and the effects of leaders on work unit performance. The reformulated theory includes 8 classes of leader behavior, individual differences of subordinates, and contingency moderator variables which are related to each other in 26 propositions. The contingency moderators of the theory specify some of the circumstances in which each of the behaviors are likely to be effective or ineffective. It is argued that the essential underlying rationale from which the propositions are derived is strikingly parsimonious. The essence of the theory is the meta proposition that leaders, to be effective, engage in behaviors that complement subordinates ' environments and abilities in a manner that compensates for deficiencies and is instrumental to subordinate satisfaction and individual and work unit performance. This meta proposition, and the specific propositions derived from it, are consistent with, and integrate, the predictions of current extant theories of leadership. Further, the propositions of the theory are consistent with empirical tests with empirical generalizations resulting from earlier task and person oriented research. It is my hope that the 1996 theory will be subjected to empirical tests and that such tests will lead to a further improved theory to be formulated at some future time.

1,234 citations


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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers in the topic in previous years
YearPapers
2023447
20221,019
202153
202041
201973
201855