Topic
Controlled release
About: Controlled release is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 20521 publications have been published within this topic receiving 563480 citations.
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21 Jul 1994TL;DR: In this article, a stable solid controlled release formulation of a hydrophobic acrylic polymer has been proposed, which includes a substrate including an active agent selected from the group consisting of a systemically active therapeutic agent, locally active therapeutic agents, disinfecting and sanitizing agent, cleansing agent, a fragrance agent and a fertilizing agent.
Abstract: A stable solid controlled release formulation having a coating derived from an aqueous dispersion of a hydrophobic acrylic polymer includes a substrate including an active agent selected from the group consisting of a systemically active therapeutic agent, a locally active therapeutic agent, a disinfecting and sanitizing agent, a cleansing agent, a fragrance agent and a fertilizing agent, overcoated with an aqueous dispersion of the plasticized water-insoluble acrylic polymer. The formulation provides a stable dissolution of the active agent which is unchanged after exposure to accelerated storage conditions.
1,078 citations
TL;DR: This review provides a survey and analysis of the processes determining the release rate, and the various mechanisms of drug release that have been reported in the literature are analyzed in this review.
1,029 citations
TL;DR: Mesoporous silica nanoparticles are introduced as chemically and thermally stable nanomaterials with well-defined and controllable morphology and porosity and are proposed as the basis of nanodevices for the controlled release of drugs and genes into living cells.
Abstract: Mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) are introduced as chemically and thermally stable nanomaterials with well-defined and controllable morphology and porosity. It is shown that these particles possess external and internal surfaces that can be selectively functionalized with multiple organic and inorganic groups. On the basis of these characteristics, the biocompatibility of silica, and their efficient uptake by mammalian cells, MSNs are proposed as the basis of nanodevices for the controlled release of drugs and genes into living cells.
1,014 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors apply elements of the drug delivery paradigm to nanosilver dissolution and present a systematic study of chemical concepts for controlled release, where the particle contains a concentrated inventory of an active species, the ion, which is transported to and released near biological target sites.
Abstract: Major pathways in the antibacterial activity and eukaryotic toxicity of nanosilver involve the silver cation and its soluble complexes, which are well established thiol toxicants. Through these pathways, nanosilver behaves in analogy to a drug delivery system, in which the particle contains a concentrated inventory of an active species, the ion, which is transported to and released near biological target sites. Although the importance of silver ion in the biological response to nanosilver is widely recognized, the drug delivery paradigm has not been well developed for this system, and there is significant potential to improve nanosilver technologies through controlled release formulations. This article applies elements of the drug delivery paradigm to nanosilver dissolution and presents a systematic study of chemical concepts for controlled release. After presenting thermodynamic calculations of silver species partitioning in biological media, the rates of oxidative silver dissolution are measured for nan...
990 citations
TL;DR: Stability studies showed that the encapsulation of an enzyme inside PLGA microspheres can protect them from activity loss, and in vitro release studies revealed that different release profiles and release rates can be achieved by simply modifying factors in the preparation procedure.
Abstract: This paper describes an investigation of the use of poly(lactic/glycolic acid) polymers for long-term delivery of high molecular weight, water-soluble proteins. Poly(lactic/glycolic acid) (PLGA) microspheres, containing (fluorescein isothiocyanate)-labeled bovine serum albumin and (fluorescein isothiocyanate)-labeled horseradish peroxidase, were prepared by a modified solvent evaporation method using a double emulsion. The microspheres were spherical with diameters of 55–95 µm and encapsulated more than 90% of the protein. The preparation method was gentle and maintained enzyme activity and protein solubility. Stability studies showed that the encapsulation of an enzyme inside PLGA microspheres can protect them from activity loss. When not placed inside PLGA microspheres, (fluorescein isothiocyanate)-labeled horseradish peroxidase lost 80% of its activity in solution at 37°C in a few days, whereas inside the PLGA microspheres it retained more than 55% of its activity after 21 days of incubation at 37°C. In vitro release studies revealed that different release profiles (i.e., near-constant or biphasic) and release rates can be achieved by simply modifying factors in the preparation procedure such as mixing rate and volume of inner water and organic phases. Degradation studies by scanning electron microscopy and gel-permeation chromatography suggested that the mechanism responsible for protein release is mainly through matrix erosion.
982 citations