Topic
Convention on Biological Diversity
About: Convention on Biological Diversity is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 2232 publications have been published within this topic receiving 65599 citations. The topic is also known as: CBD & United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity.
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01 Jan 1995
TL;DR: In this article, the authors discuss the significant developments that have occurred in information technologies and molecular genetics and genomics have had a direct and beneficial impact on germplasm exploration and collecting and the powerful information-management tools that are now available to collectors allow them to combine many different data sets and to extract much more practically useful and relevant information for the planning of collecting missions as well as the collecting itself.
Abstract: The significant developments that have occurred in information technologies and molecular genetics and genomics have had a direct and beneficial impact on germplasm exploration and collecting. The powerful information-management tools that are now available to collectors allow them to combine many different data sets and to extract much more practically useful and relevant information for the planning of collecting missions as well as the collecting itself. Furthermore, the political and legal situations regarding the status of and ownership of plant genetic resources have changed drastically over the past 15 years. The implementation of the Convention on Biological Diversity (in 1993), the International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture (in 2006) and the establishment of the Nagoya Protocol (in 2011) have had and continue to have a significant impact on matters related to the access and benefit sharing of plant genetic resources. Ethical considerations and awareness have also evolved and have become more important for individual scientists when collecting germplasm in foreign countries.
25 citations
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TL;DR: The authors used data from a long-term ethnography of both the local people and the conservation agenda in the Pantanal wetland, Brazil, to discuss how environmentalists used the PNDSPCT to justify the displacement of local people by claiming they do not fit in any traditional community category, and instead should be called rural poor.
Abstract: The rise of community-based conservation (CBC) from the 1980s, heralded a paradigm shift in the global conservation and development agenda, increasing the engagement of conservationists towards the cause of the needs of Indigenous people. As a result, many international agreements were implemented, such as Indigenous and Tribal Peoples Convention (1989) and the Convention on Biological Diversity (1992). In Brazil, a National Policy for the Sustainable Development of Traditional Peoples and Communities (PNDSPCT) was introduced in 2007, which came to recognise the rights and existing sustainable use practices of 'traditional communities'. This paper uses data from a long-term ethnography of both the local people and the conservation agenda in the Pantanal wetland, Brazil, to discuss how environmentalists used the PNDSPCT to justify the displacement of local people by claiming they do not fit in any traditional community category, and instead should be called 'rural poor'. Interview-based evidence from these communities shows the contrary—pointing out a long history of occupation in the region, customary practices that guarantee sustainable use and self-recognition as a culturally differentiated group. The results are used to explore how narrow notions of indigenous identity have been used to oppress communities in Brazil and in other parts of the global south. The paper concludes that a flexible and fluid categorisation of traditional peoples or indigenous groups should be used in order to avoid reinforcing the already oppressive restrictions placed on local communities that are close to or part of conservation initiatives.
25 citations
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01 Jan 2004
TL;DR: In this article, the authors discuss the economic consequences of biodiversity loss and its implications for security and armed conflict, by Arthur H. Westing et al. and Joel Cracraft, and the Implications of Biodiversity Loss for Human Health.
Abstract: 14. Seeing the World as It Really Is: Global Stability and Environmental Change, by Peter H. Raven and Joel Cracraft13. Strange Bedfellows: Why Science and Policy Don't Mesh and What Can Be Done About It, by Jeffrey A. McNeelyIV. What Needs to Be Done12. Convention on Biological Diversity: Program Priorities in the Early Stage of Implementation, by Kalemani J. Mulongoy, Susan Bragdon, and Antonella Ingrassia11. The Facts of Life (on Earth), by Thomas E. Lovejoy10. Saving Biodiversity and Saving the Biosphere, by Norman MyersIII. Biodiversity Science and Policy Formulation9. The Economic Consequences of Biodiversity Loss, by Dominic Moran and David Pearce8. Biodiversity Loss and Its Implications for Security and Armed Conflict, by Arthur H. Westing7. The Implications of Biodiversity Loss for Human Health, by Francesca T. Grifo and Eric Chivian6. Biodiversity, Agricultural Productivity, and People, by John Burnett5. Regional and Global Patterns of Biodiversity Loss and Conservation Capacity: Predicting Future Trends and Identifying Needs, by Joel CracraftII. Consequences of Biodiversity Loss: Science and Society4. Requiem 'ternam: The Last Five Hundred Years of Mammalian Species Extinctions, by Ross D. E. MacPhee and Clare Flemming3. The Medium Is the Message: Freshwater Biodiversity in Peril, by Melanie L. J. Stiassny2. Dimensions of Biodiversity: Targeting Megadiverse Groups, by Norman I. Platnick1. The Magnitude of Global Biodiversity and Its Decline, by Nigel E. StorkI. Science of Diversity and Extinction
25 citations
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01 Jan 2005TL;DR: In this paper, the authors analyse the role of indigenous communities and local knowledge systems in the global environmental debate, drawing on an ethnographic case study of Maya-Q'eqchi' communities living adjacent to protected areas in Guatemala.
Abstract: Due to the recognition that many areas of the world that contain high levels of biodiversity are cultural landscapes inhabited by indigenous and local communities, the significant role such communities play in preserving natural resources has been underlined in the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD). In particular, the Convention calls for the acknowledgement and wider application of local knowledge systems being embedded in traditional lifestyles as they can contribute to the in situ conservation of biodiversity. The purpose of this contribution is to analyse the role of indigenous communities and local knowledge systems in the global environmental debate. It draws on an ethnographic case study of Maya-Q'eqchi'communities living adjacent to protected areas in Guatemala. The operative paradigm, that underlies the anthropological perspective, indicates that an understanding of the cultural context is essential to the success of any initiative designed for the sustainable conservation of natural resources. Accordingly, the applied approach assumes that indigenous environmental knowledge has to be encountered as a social product integral to the respective cultural system it has been generated in. Equally, human cognitive understandings of nature are culturally embedded, bounded to locality and intertwined with the broader context. This implies a multidimensional reality in which diverse economic, social, political and historical aspects intersect. The field-based research is concerned with these contextual dimensions of indigenous knowledge, whereas the particular purpose aims to explore the significance of cultural values such as social identities related to the local landscape and beliefs in the intimate attachment of humans to nature that are closely tied to natural resource use patterns, subsistence activities and ritual practices that define indigenous perceptions of the natural environment.
25 citations
01 Jan 2010
TL;DR: The Nagoya Protocol on Access and Benefit Sharing (ABS) under the auspices of the Convention on Biological Diversity represents a further milestone on the path towards the self-determination of Indigenous peoples and local communities in international law.
Abstract: The Nagoya Protocol on Access and Benefit Sharing (ABS) under the auspices of the Convention on Biological Diversity represents a further milestone on the path towards the self-determination of Indigenous peoples and local communities in international law. It underscores the emergence of biocultural rights as the rights of Indigenous peoples and local communities over all aspects of their ways of life that are relevant to the conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity, including respect for the diversity of their ecosystem management practices, customary laws, and traditional authorities. It also highlights the role of multilateral environmental agreements as important terrains of struggle for Indigenous peoples' and local communities' rights. Yet despite an increase in the number and scope of rights enshrined at the international and national levels, States' obligations vis-a-vis communities are often unfulfilled at the local level. For example, potential pitfalls of ABS in the absence of good process can include exacerbating issues of legal disaggregation, definitions of community, and conflict between customary and positive law. Rights-based approaches such as community protocols, which are now referenced in the Nagoya Protocol, can help enable communities to address these challenges proactively and to decide for themselves whether or not to engage with ABS, as well as other legal and policy frameworks, in ways commensurate with their values, local endogenous development aspirations, customary laws, and traditional institutions.
25 citations